Luis W. Alvarez (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) was an American experimental physicist and inventor, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968. The American Journal of Physics declared, "Luis Alvarez (1911–1988) was one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century."
Luis Walter Alvarez was born in San Francisco, California on my birthday, June 13, 1911. His father, Dr.Walter Clement Alvarez was a physician and his grandfather was Luis F. Alvarez, a doctor that found better method for diagnosing macular leprosy. Alvarez went to the University of Chicago where he received his bachelor's degree, his master's degree, and his PhD. Still in college, he create an apparatus of Geiger counter tubes arranged as a telescope and his teacher, Arthur Compton
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One of the first projects was to build apparatus to transition from the British long-wave radar to the new microwave centimeter-band radar made by the cavity magnetron.
The National Aeronautic Association's Collier Trophy awarded Alvarez, "for his conspicuous and outstanding initiative in the concept and development of the Ground Control Approach system for safe landing of aircraft under all weather and traffic conditions".
Alvarez spent his summer of 1943 in England testing GCA at the front lines, landing planes returning from battle in bad weather, and also training them how to use the system. In the fall, Alvarez returned to the United States with an offer from Robert Oppenheimer to work at Los Alamos on the Manhattan project. Oppenheimer advise that he should spend a few months at the University of Chicago working with Enrico Fermi before coming to Los Alamos.
As a result of his work and the few months, he spent with Fermi, Alvarez arrived at Los Alamos in the spring of 1944, later than many of his companion. The work on the "Little Boy" was almost complete, so Alvarez became involved in the design of the "Fat
In 1940 he returned to duty as district engineer of the Corps of Engineers’ Chicago District. In this capacity he directed the construction of military posts, airfields, and ordnance and aircraft plants within the district, as well as river and harbor work and flood control projects.
Francisco Pizarro was born in 1476 in Trujillo, Spain. Pizarro grew up not knowing how to read. His dad, Captain Gonzalo, was a poor farmer and his mom, Francisca González was a from a humble heritage. In 1510, Pizarro joined Spanish explorer Alonzo de Ojeda on a journey to Urabá, Colombia. In 1522, Francisco Pizarro tried to explore South America. While ...
Early Life Francisco Vasquez de Coronado was born in Salamanca, Spain, around 1510. His parents are Juan Vasquez de Coronado y Sosa de Ulloa and Isabel de Lujan. His father was a wealthy aristocrat, but the family fortune was promised to his older brother. Francisco was determined to make his own fortune in the New World. This is what made him an explorer.
Little is known about Pedro de Cieza de Leon’s youth. Historians have discovered that Pedro de Cieza de Leon was a Spaniard, a conquistador, and a writer of Peru’s history. Pedro de Cieza de Leon was not well educated and had only the most basic education from his local school parish (Atlantis). Although he did not have a superior education, his four part book is reliable because he wrote about what he observed as a conquistador. This document is full of interesting information for the reader to discover the Inca’s way of living.
At 22, after two-thirds of a year at Berea College in West Virginia, he returned to the coalmines and studied Latin and Greek between trips to the mineshafts. He then went on to the University of Chicago, where he received bachelors and master's degrees, and Harvard University, where he became the second black to receive a doctorate in history.
In 1946 graduated from high school as a Valedictorian and joined the U.S. Army. He trained in engineering school at Fort Lewis, Washington. He served 18 months in occupational forces in Japan.
Soto earned an English degree at California State University at Fresno in 1974. He continued his education to earn a Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing at the University of California at Irvine. While working on his graduate work, Soto married Carolyn Oda, the daughter of Japanese-American farmers.
Ralph Waldo Ellison was born on March 1st 1914 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He was named after journalist and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ellison’s father died in a work related accident when he was just three years old. His
Radar stands for Radio Detection and ranging, it dates back to the 1880’s when Heinrich Hertz first invented it. (Farina 1-1) Many other inventors eventually started inventing their own type of radar. Christian Hulsmeyer in 1904 had a patent for monostatic pulse radar which was used for the detection of ships for preventing collision at sea. In 1922 A. Hot et al. observed a fluctuating signal at the receiver when a shipped passed between the receiver and transmitter. (Farina 1-1)
degrees of Bachelor of Science in 1936 and Doctor of Philosophy in 1937. Since that time
The Manhattan Project took place during World War II, in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Germany was already developing an atomic weapon. In 1939, Albert Einstein wrote to president Franklin Roosevelt, explaining an idea he had for developing a nuclear weapon, and saying they should begin to research it. Roosevelt agreed with Einstein, and organized a research committee. In 1942, Roosevelt created a secret government project to build a nuclear weapon. This project was titled the Manhattan Project, and was the largest secret government project in US history.
In 1939 rumor came to the U.S. that Germans had split the atom. The threat of the Nazis developing a nuclear weapon prompted President Roosevelt to establish The Manhattan Project. Oppenheimer set up a research lab in Los Alamos, New Mexico and brought the best minds in physics to work on the problem of creating a nuclear weapon. Although most the research and development was done in Los Alamos, there were over 30 other research locations throughout the project. After watching the first nuclear bomb test Oppenheimer was quoted as saying simply “It works.”.
Richard P. Feynman was born in 1918 in Brooklyn; in 1942 he received his Ph.D. from Princeton. Already displaying his brilliance, Feynman played an important role in the development of the atomic bomb through his work in the Manhattan Project. In 1945 he became a physics teacher at Cornell University, and in 1950 he became a professor at the California Institute of Technology. He, along with Sin-Itero and Julian Schwinger, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 for his work in the field of quantum electrodynamics.
“One would think that so important a contribution to the world’s technology would be chronicled with great care at every step…This, unfortunately, is not the case, and for reasons quite understandable” (Page 14). Sometimes history can be hard to distinguish from truth and legend, the history of radar is no exception. Many contributions have been made to the development of radar over the years. For many years prior and during the Second World War, radar was considered a top-secret military tool. Once it was made public, people used the existing information about radar to come up with their own variations for different applications. As a result, the true origin of radar has become blurred within conflicting claims.
The achromatic lens that first appeared in a 1733 telescope made by Chester Moore Hall, John Hadley's production of larger paraboloidal mirrors in 1721, the process of silvering glass mirrors introduced by Léon Foucault in 1857, and the adoption of long lasting aluminized coatings on reflector mirrors in 1932 evolved the telescopes to higher levels of performance and accuracy.