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Strengths and weaknesses of bowlbys theory of attachment
Influences of attachment theory on emotional development
Strengths and weaknesses of bowlbys theory of attachment
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Loyalty and Attachment Loyalty has been an integral part in society and is an important characteristic in human affiliation. Loyalty is a devoted attachment and affection towards a person, country, group or cause ‘with which one has become significantly involved or identified.’ (Burke, 2011 p4) ‘We buy from these groups, or live with them and work with them.’ (Reichheld, Teal and Teal, 2001) A person gives loyalty when they have become committed to something, which has been perceived to be personally beneficial, reliable and trusting. These attachments generate the interactions that make our daily lives meaningful and for ‘most of us, these loyalties have the greatest influence on our happiness.’ (Keinigham and Aksoy, 2010) Loyalty is about choice, if we do not like the way we are treated or if it does not quite meet our standards, ‘we have the choice either of leaving to search for other relationships or another community that more adequately fits our expectations or of staying and working to improve the environment that shapes our lives.’ (Reichheld, Teal and Teal, 2001) …show more content…
Attachment theory is based on studies of parent-child relationship and continues through adulthood to romantic relationships and friendship.’ (Loureiro, Ruediger and Demetris, 2012) John Bowlby conducted pioneering work on attachment between parent-infant relationships. ‘According to Bowlby, an attachment is an emotion laden target specific bond between a person and a specific object.’ (Thomson, MacInnis and Park, 2005) Bowlby expressed how important is was for a child to have a strong and secure attachment figure from birth as this attachment would act as a prototype for all future social relationships as the child would be able to continue developing stronger feelings, of love and
Relationships are the building block for personality and are significant in children’s ability to grow into substantial individuals who can thrive in an often harsh world. Constructing lasting and fulfilling relationships is an integral part to development as the interpersonal bonds forged are not only highly sought after but also set the ground work for all upcoming expressive interactions. Relationships and attachment go hand in hand as attachment is the strong and lasting linkage established between a child and his or her caregiver. Moreover, attachment significantly influences a large capacity of ones make up as it these first relationships that teaches morals, builds self-esteem, and develops a support system. The pioneers of Attachment Theory realized early on that human beings are not solely influenced by drives but that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers greatly impact their ability to forge lasting relationships later in life. John Bowlby was first to introduce this theory to the masses in the 1950’s, and later Mary Ainsworth conducted further research to expand on Bowlby’s theory which proclaims that attachment is a “lasting psychological connectedness between human beings” (Bowlby, 1969, p. 194). The attachment bond theory by both Bowlby and Ainsworth focuses on the significance of the relationship between babies and their caretakers which research has suggested is accountable for influencing impending interactions, firming or injuring our capabilities to concentrate, being aware of our emotional states, self-soothing capabilities, and the capacity to be resilient in the face of hardship. Additionally, this research has provided a framework for assisting in describing these att...
A very obvious example of loyalty is, Penelope. She is faithful to Odysseus for over 20 years and does not give up for long time. Even when the suitors came to her house and ate her food and overstayed their welcome she did not budge and still stayed faithful to Odysseus for the whole time he was gone. She told the suitors that when she finished her tapestry she would choose who she wants to marry, but every night she would undo a piece of the tapestry just so it would take longer and it would give Odysseus more time to come back just so she would not have to choose one of the suitors.
Is loyalty important to everyone? How important to you? Does it affect your friendships?In Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini loyalty is one of the themes that is explored, it is shown three times through the phrase “For you a thousand times over”. “For you a thousand times over” is said three times, once Hassan to Amir, Farid to Amir, and then finally Amir to Sohrab. Each time this is said it represents a loyalty and who the loyalty is towards
Loyalty allows people to make sacrifices in order to protect the ones that are deat to them. In the book The Chrysalids written by John Wyndham, there are individuals willing to die for one another just to keep each other safe from the society trying to hunt them down.
Loyalty is like glue, since it keeps the camaraderie in a relationship intact. If someone breaks the loyalty, then that trust and camaraderie are damaged as well. But yet, one can remain loyal without sacrificing one’s needs or desires. Examples of this have often appeared in modern day literature. For example, take the Tillerman siblings from Cynthia Voigt’s novel, “Homecoming.” In this novel, the oldest sibling, Dicey, has to take care of her three younger siblings after their mother deserted them in a mall parking lot. In addition, Dicey has to lead her siblings to her aunt’s home in Bridgeport, Connecticut, which is well over 60 miles away. At the beginning of the book, I believed that Dicey had to sacrifice everything she loved to keep her siblings close and together. But, as the novel goes on, you see that Dicey did not have to give up as much, since the one thing Dicey treasured the most was her family. Sure, they did make her mad and annoyed at times, but she loved them, and all she wanted was to keep them safe. Her love is what made her so allegiant toward getting to Aunt Cilla’s home. A similar situation applied for the siblings. Sammy, the youngest child, was a real, “mama’s boy.” You can tell that when their mother left them, he was the child that was in denial for a while. “Go on, because nobody cares about me except Momma, and Momma will come find me but she won’t find you, so you ahead (Pg 41).” But eventually Sammy finally admitted that Momma was gone, and that made his loyalty to Dicey even stronger. He fished, cared, and even stole so his family would be safe. In this example, loyalty kept the Tillerman siblings close together. But, even in a more futuristic, fictional story, this concept exists.
The attachment theory, presented by Mary Ainsworth in 1969 and emerged by John Bowlby suggests that the human infant has a need for a relationship with an adult caregiver, and without a subsequent, development can be negatively impacted (Hammonds 2012). Ainsworth proposes that the type of relationship and “attachment” an infant has with the caregiver, can impact the social development of the infant. As stated by Hammonds (2012), attachment between a mother and a child can have a great impact on the child 's future mental
Loyalty can be expressed in many ways whether it be by doing anything for someone else or just being very trustworthy person overall.
Criticisms of attachment theory have come mainly from the feminist schools of thought since the theory has been used to argue that no woman with a young child should work outside the home or spend time away from her baby (Goodsell and Meldrum, 2010). Children’s experience and development also depend on what happens after early years, whether bad or good later in life may change a child’s emotional development, e.g. lack of basic needs, diet, education, stimulation such as play might affect a child’s development (Rutter, 1981). Differences in cultures have to be taken into consideration as well. A study by Schaffer and Emmerson (1964) provided contradictory evidence for Bowlby’s attachment theory. They noted attachment was more prominent at eight months, and afterwards children became attached to more than one person.
John Bowlby’s attachment theory established that an infant’s earliest relationship with their primary caregiver or mother shaped their later development and characterized their human life, “from the cradle to the grave” (Bowlby, 1979, p. 129). The attachment style that an infant develops with their parent later reflects on their self-esteem, well-being and the romantic relationships that they form. Bowlby’s attachment theory had extensive research done by Mary Ainsworth, who studied the mother-infant interactions specifically regarding the theme of an infant’s exploration of their surrounding and the separation from their mother in an experiment called the strange situation. Ainsworth defined the four attachment styles: secure, insecure/resistant, insecure/avoidant and disorganized/disoriented, later leading to research studies done to observe this behavior and how it affects a child in their adolescence and adulthood.
John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist, he describes attachment as a “lasting psychological connectedness between human beings” (Bowlby, 1969, p.194), he believed that the earliest bonds that were formed between child and caregiver has a huge impact that continues throughout the infants life. Attachment is said to help keep the infant close to their mother, so it improves the child’s chance of survival.
Loyalty is one of the only things that can hold the bonds of family and friends.
Loyalty is when you can put your faith in another person knowing that he or she will also be there. In AOHF and OMAM loyalty plays a major role in the friendship between Huck and Jim and Lennie and George. Especially when Huck rescues Jm for the Phelps’ farm to save him from being sent back to Miss Watson causing him to become a slave again, “(Twain 180)”. Huck being uneducated, uncivilized, and dirty boy shows unbreakable loyalty to Jim. In the book when they are going down the mississippi river and these white men want to search their raft for runaway niggers.
Bowlby’s attachment theory has greatly influenced practice. His theory of attachment explains the importance of having a figure that the child shares a strong bond with. Having an attachment can significantly support a child’s development as Barbara Woods suggests that “his theory of attachment proposed that attachment is innate in both infants and mothers, and that the formation of this attachment is crucial for the infants development” Wood, B (2001, p.53). Bowlby believed that forming an attachment will help a child develop in all areas e.g. emotionally, physical and mentally. However if they did not form an attachment in the sensitive period, the child may have issues or problems in their cognitive, emotional and social development. “Attachment is as essential for the child’s psychological well-being as food is for physical health claimed Bowlby” Wood, B (2001, p.54). Bowlby claimed in this statement that attachment is a necessary thing which a child needs in order to develop healthily.
Attachment is an important aspect through the developmental stages of a child. It is the process through which an individual develops specific bonds with others (). John Bowlby theorized Attachment Theory, which focuses on a behavioral system that demonstrates the response of an adult when a child signals which can lead to a strong trusting relationship (). Through attachment infants develop strong emotional bonds with others, which can result in a more positive outcome later in life.
The concept of loyalty comes in many different forms, and can also be defined in multiple ways by different types of people. On the other hand, loyalty can also be viewed as a virtue that may be hard to define at times. Loyalty is something that every living organism possesses. A dog is loyal to his or her owner because they provide the dog with food, shelter, and love. A child is loyal to their parents for giving them life, a chance of education, and keeping them alive and well.