Each individual born into this reality is engrained with an ego that has the potential to inflate one’s identity to a grandiose sense of importance. If not kept in restraint, the self-pride may hinder one’s ability to sympathize and conceivably dominate man’s morals in the face of adversity. In his allegorical novel, Lord of the Flies, William Golding expounds on the inherent illness of narcissism and its effect on those who are altruistic. Truly, it is altruism that transforms the egotist, giving him a new sense of humility in relation to others. Despite such philanthropy, it is man’s ego that heightens the desire of self-preservation in the face of adversity.
Throughout the course of the novel, Golding demonstrates that Jack’s vulgarity
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relates directly to his narcissism, in that he sacrifices the stability of society to reign supreme. Initially, when appointed leader of the hunters, Jack is unable to kill a wild pig.
Ashamed of his mercy towards the animal, Jack “[snatches] his knife [and slams] it into a tree trunk” (pg. 31). His physical expression of embarrassment is a manifestation of his superiority complex; unable fulfill his duty as hunter or secure the position of chief, his bloodlust only deepens. With such a great desire to prove himself, Jack becomes evermore barbaric upon sampling the taste of control. As time progresses, Jack is adamant in pursuing the hunt despite opposition from Ralph. With no true concern for community, he justifies his bloodlust by claiming it for the good of the group: “We want meat ––” (pg. 51). Unlike Ralph who advocates building shelters, Jack has an overpowering desire to gratify his instincts and ego. This undermines his …show more content…
ability to act collectively, and introduces the ideology that power should be used to act on one’s own impulses. During the final days on the island, this ideology engulfs Jack as he becomes a tyrant among the boys. He manipulates their fear by claiming “[the beast] may come again, [disguised]” (pg. 160). His ego drives him to retain this newfound sense of power at the expense of his community. By exaggerating – what he knows to be a fiction – Jack has a hold on the rationality of the boys, making them dependant on him for guidance. In brief, the adversity Jack faces is a manifestation of his self-indulgence, yet he sacrifices his façade of civility to validate himself. In contrast to Jack, Ralph’s identity is a product of his nobility rather than his ego, thus enabling him to aid others in the face of adversity.
His concern for the individuals in the group is pertinent from the beginning: he conveys to Jack the necessity of shelters “as a sort of [home]”, upon noticing the distress of the younger children (pg. 58). It is seen that Ralph’s problems are not his own; he assumes the role of leader to bring orderly forces of civilization to all. By approaching circumstances with logistics rather than emotion, Ralph does not lose sight of himself in the face of adversity. Despite this, he is later forced to act irrationally in order to preserve his status. When confronted with the evidence of the beast, Ralph is hesitant to hunt it; he is only manipulated into doing so when Jack “[sneers]” and questions him if he is “frightened” (pg. 100). However, Ralph does not respond out of his spite or self-pride as he understands that he must retain his status among the boys. If he does not remain chief, Jack will secure the position, bearing the notion that there will always be individuals working against altruism for their own benefit. Ralph sacrifices his morals by becoming subservient to Jack’s ego, yet does so in order to preserve civility within the group. On the day of the boys’ rescue, Ralph understands that his efforts to preserve peace and order are all for naught. Man’s destructive forces overwhelm him as “[he weeps] for … the darkness of man’s
heart” (pg. 202). Ralph sacrifices his own innocence, yet the intrinsic savagery within humanity and the ego of Jack overshadows any progress he makes towards unity. The irony within their rescue is that it is a result of the boy’s barbarism as opposed to Ralph’s coordinated and purposeful efforts. This blurs the distinction between the id and the ego (in Freudian terms) and reveals that much of adversity is merely a result of chance. Briefly, Jack’s nobility produces his altruistic identity, only to result in a fundamentally immoral understanding of human nature. To conclude, Golding conveys that man’s inherent greed can remove the façade of civility atop his true identity. Alternately, one may work fervently not to lose sight of their ethical self for the greater good of society. The difference is if one is either guided by their id or superego. There is an ongoing battle between egotism and altruism within everyone’s mind and each distinct society. Golding illustrates however, that the only two options are adaptation to the norm or marginalization.
Ralph is the novel’s protagonist and tries to maintain the sense of civility and order as the boys run wild. Ralph represents the good in mankind by treating and caring for all equally, which is completely opposite of Jack’s savage nature. Jack is the antagonist in the novel and provokes the most internal evil of all the boys. Jack is seen at first as a great and innocent leader but he becomes t...
Throughout the novel when Ralph notices some of the boys have started to turn into savages, he tries to put an end to it as soon as possible. Ralph wants the young boys to remain as close to their old selves as much as they can, rather than transforming into unrecognizable people. Once the boys have gotten somewhat settled in on the island, they forget to watch after the most important job, as seen in Ralph’s eyes, “We’ve got to have special people for looking after the fire. Any day there might be a ship out there” (Golding 42). The majority of the group has turned to having fun rather than getting rescued. Ralph is one of the only people that has common sense and seems to know their correct priorities. We can see that choosing Ralph to be the leader may lead to benefiting them all. In chapter 11, Jack and his group have bombarded Ralph’s group and stolen Piggy’s glasses, so when Piggy asks what they are going to do, Ralph responds with, “Supposing we go, looking like we used to, washed and hair brushed- after all we aren’t savages really and being rescued isn’t a game--” (Golding 170). Ralph ends up handling this given situation like an adult. He can see quite clearly that the thought of salvation and maturity has no meaning to everyone in Jack's’ group. They have been treating their whole situation like it is just a game, but Ralph knows at this point that rescue is
Ralph is one of the few boys who realize that the only way to survive is through peace and order. Because he summons the boys at the beginning of the novel with the conch he and Piggy find, they look upon him as the most responsible of the boys and elect him as a chief over the humiliated Jack. Ralph creates a stable and peaceful society for the children to live; this significantly bothers Jack because he wants to have fun and do things that he never did back in the civilized society. Jack is eventually successful of pulling nearly all of the children out of Ralph’s control to form savages. Ralph represents the civilization, and Jack represents the primitive society.
Jack is made the leader of the hunting tribe. He and his hunters have much trouble trying to hunt and kill a pig. Since he was raised as part of a sophisticated and wealthy family in England, he has not had any experience with hunting before. He struggles to become a hunter. But Jack is shown to have savage urges early. The author says, "he [Jack] tried to convey the...
Although Ralph shows signs of the same psychopathic tendencies as Roger and Jack can Ralph be considered a psychopath? Roger and Jack step into the island landscape and are immediately captured by the essence of hunting and evil. Ralph starts the island by holding onto instilled morals and social norms, the sense of democracy and rescue guiding his actions. To attribute Ralph’s actions to the same scope of Roger’s and Jack’s would imply that nothing can be saved of the human race. The inherent evil with in everyone is unescapable. Ralph is entranced by the idea of acceptance by the hunters. Ralph joins the hunters for a hunting excursion, an out of character action. Ralph manages to injure a pig while hunting with the other boys. Ralph “[talks] on excitedly… [and] sunned himself in their newfound respect and felt that hunting was good after all” (Golding 124).
Like Ralph, Jack is a natural leader. Unlike Ralph, Jack appeals to more primal desires in the children and relies on his status as leader of the choirboys to justify his authority. Although his way of behaving is neither disruptive nor violent at the beginning of the book, he does, at that time, express an unquenchable desire to hunt and kill a pig and spends hours in solitude traversing the island. Beginning with his self nomination as hunter, Jack eventually degenerates into the beast he is consumed with slaying. The first time Jack has an opportunity to kill a pig, he cannot, "because of the enormity of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh; because of the unbearable blood". After this hesitation, for which he is most ashamed, Jack's blood lust grows more and more irrational, to the point where he abandons the fire (and causes the boys to miss a potential rescue) in order to hunt. During Jack's metamorphosis, he begins to paint his face with clay and earth, masking his humanity from the pigs and inspiring terrible awe amongst the
Ralph shows that he has a better understanding of the boys than Jack. He knows that the boys need some sort of order on the island in order for them to survive. He starts a simple form of government and sets a few rules for them. Even though they don’t last very long, the fact that he tried to help the group is what makes him a better leader. Ralph’s wisdom and ability to look toward the future also has an advantage over Jack. He has a sense to keep his focus on getting off the island. When the fire goes out, Ralph gets upset because the chance to be rescued was gone as well. Ralph enforces his role of leadership as he gives the boys a sense of stability of an authority figure. He keeps the boys in pretty good order at the meeting by making a rule that they can only speak if they have the conch. Ralph knows that the littleuns are afraid and they need shelter to feel more secure. They work together for a while, but as the time goes on the smaller boys want to go play. They slowly lose all their help until Simon and Ralph are the only ones left to work on them. Ralph knows that this is a necessity and keeps bringing it up at the meetings. Jack, on the other hand, is doing nothing but causing chaos.
...t the group more than the short-term enjoyment that this new attraction presents. He knows that finding the beast will provide the entire group of boys with emotional security due to the fact that they will literally face their ultimate fear: the beast. Because Ralph values the emotional security of the group of boys, he serves as father-figure. He symbolizes someone who will always be looking out for his peers, through thick and thin, just as any father would.
At the meetings, a sense of order is instilled because the boys are not allowed to speak unless they have the conch. He knows that the boys “can’t have everybody talking at once.” (31) This is something that Ralph establishes very early in the novel in order to avoid chaos and remain civilized. So to make communication during a meeting easier he announces that they will “have to have ‘Hands up’ like at school” which he will follow up with handing the person the conch. (31) Ralph is able to keep the boys under control by holding meetings. Ralph doesn’t fear about others acknowledging his leadership in the same way as Jack. While Jack continuously strikes fear in others to keep his power, Ralph only confrontates when someone is going against what is good for the community. One such example is when the fire goes out and Piggy calls Jack out on failing to tend to the fire, Jack becomes enraged and punches Piggy and breaks his glasses. When this happens, Ralph stands up and scolds Jack for his behaviour, and later, his apology, saying that it was “a dirty trick.” (76) After Jack leaves their group and war breaks out, Jack attacks Piggy and takes his glasses. Ralph goes up to Jack and offers him that they both could have used Piggy’s glasses for fire. Ralph still attempts to take responsibility for everyone and is still trying to get everyone rescued. He attempts to sort out this problem with Jack by negotiating in a civilized manner rather than resorting to savage violence. Only Ralph and Piggy know the need for rescue. Ralph struggles to keep a shaky peace and prevent violence. His meeting with the Lord of the Flies teaches him about the darkness in a human’s heart, which he finally comes to understand when he is rescued by a naval
Ralph’s power at the beginning is secure but as the group succumbs to their savage instincts, Ralph’s influence declines as Jack’s rises. This is due mainly to the cruelty and violence that goes on in the story. This cruelty reveals that Ralph’s commitment to civilization and being rescued is so strong that he will not allow himself to change his morals and become cruel like the others. The cruelty in this novel also shows that Ralph is a very intelligent character. His intelligence can be proven because there was a point in the novel when he hunts a boar for the first time and he experiences the thrill of bloodlust. He also attends one of Jack’s feast where he is swept away by the frenzy and participates in the killing of Simon. This is a very tragic moment for Ralph because this is when he realizes the evil that lives within himself and every human being. It is the cruel acts that happen in this novel that reveals Ralph’s character of being intelligent and being able to think deeply about human experiences. He even weeps when getting saved because of his knowledge about the human capacity for
The boys live a new life without adults and social norms. Roles in their makeshift society have been carried out but Jack’s self-imposed responsibility only aims to fulfill his personal agenda. Jack’s fervent character is aggressiveness masquerading as passion. This destructive behavior sends Jack to a faster decline to savagery in relation to his peers.
Throughout history, it has been noted that when an individual is isolated from civilization, various psychological effects take a toll on that person’s well-being. Sigmund Freud, an Austrian psychologist, believed that when a person is isolated from civilization, a darker “savage” side naturally takes over (“Id, Ego, and Super-ego” n. pag). William Golding shared this belief and used it as inspiration to write one of his most well-known novels, Lord of the Flies. Freud’s findings on the human mind led him to believe there are three main parts: The id, the ego, and the super-ego (“Id, Ego, and Super-ego” n. pag). Jack, Ralph, Simon, and Piggy are not only the main characters in Golding’s Lord of the Flies, but also embody the id, ego, and super-ego characteristics of Freudian psychology.
While the boys are under Jack's control, they quickly went back into how they started when they first got there. However, Ralph was able to keep the boys under control by holding meetings. At the meetings, a sense of order is instilled because the boys are not allowed to speak unless they have the conch shell. "I'll give the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when he's speaking." (p. 31) By making this rule, he gains respect from the boys and becomes for confident as a leader. Ralph uses his power to tries to make the boys better people. He shows his by building them shelters. "They talk and scream. The littuns. Even some of the others." (p. 53) Ralph is saying that the boys need the shelters because they are afraid and the shelters will help the boys feel more secure. This shows he has better knowledge of people making him a better leader than Jack who does not understand this. Jack does not realize that the boys need to feel secure and need someone in control.
Ralph first takes on the position as leader at the beginning of the story, when the rest of the boys vote him in as chief. He carries this position until Jack and his fellow hunters break away from the group. Ralph makes it his job to set out the rules to organize a society. Ralph always thinks of what is best for everyone and how they will all benefit from his decisions. Rules and standards are set when Ralph is the chief. He orders the group to build the basic necessities of civilization, shelters, and most importantly to keep the fire going, in hope that they will be rescued and return to humanity. "But I tell you that smoke is more important than the pig, however often you kill one" (Golding 75). Jack, on the other hand, takes on the idea of every man for himself. He does not care about making homes, only about hunting. When Jack is the leader, evil takes over and all good is destroyed. Under Jack's power both Simon and Piggy are killed.
Human nature is more complex than society can understand. People can be honest, yet deceitful; kind, yet heartless; loyal, yet treacherous. However, one thing that can be agreed on is that when someone is above authority, his or her core self becomes apparent, because it has been proven time and again. In the book The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, this transition is outlined, showing, over time, a decadence from society into their natural state, be it civil or savage. Golding uses symbols such as Jack, Roger, and the choir to show that hunger for power and violence is inherent, and when removed from law it spreads and grows, like wildfire.