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Theoretical literature about internal control systems
Case study on internal control system
Theoretical literature about internal control systems
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Local Public Financial Management
The local public financial management is a branch of economics that involves the collection of sufficient resources from the local and public sections in a particular economies or country (Shah, 2007). The internal control of these resources is their effective and efficient management through their allocation to ensure acceptable incomes by the people and stability of the local and public economies in a given city like Verdemont (Matthew, 2008). The local government of such city should ensure its internal control is effectively enhanced to ensure the cities activities have effective administration and design approaches especially on finance projects in the city (Shah, 2007). This involves the how incomes are generated, the allocation of the various resources collected and their appropriate expenditure of the resources on the city to ensure achievement of already set financial goals.
Statement
On designing an internal control system for a City like Verdemont, one needs several control activities that ensure an effective and efficient system. The control activities usually made should abide to internal control standards developed and managed by a main centralized authority mainly chosen by a legislative body (Chorafas, 2000). For any internal control system, we should have several control strategies that are very effective (Shah, 2007). First and for most, a good split knowledge through trainings and management of skills should be maximized to ensure orderly and effective achievement of results by the concerned people. The usage of electronically enabled equipments will ensure good monitoring and follow up of all the auditing equipments. There should be clear division of authorities’ example,...
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...and prioritization of the programs to be involved. Also the efficient control of budgetary processes should be encouraged plus a good management of their resources. Apart from the encouragement of these budgetary resources, their exercising should be highly backed up. These will ensure the local public financial management positively affects the internal controls of the city either directly or indirectly. Also emphasis on the citizen’s value for money is done hence making public and local finance management very vital.
Works Cited
Chorafas, N. D. (2000). Reliable financial reporting and internal control: a global implementation guide: New York: John Wiley Publishers.
Matthew, L. (2008). Designing High - Performance Risk Control Systems. Chicago: Gower Publishing Ltd.
Shah, A. (2007). Local public financial management. The World Bank Publishers: Washington.
Municipal control or an alternative delivery method? This is the question that has intrigued all levels of local government and created intense debates between taxpayers across municipalities. The services that municipalities provide are often vital to the existence of a local area. The issues of accountability, cost savings, quality of service and democracy often arise when choosing the best options to deliver services to a municipal area. In recent years the concepts of privatization, alternative service delivery and public-private partnerships are often promoted as ways cut down on overburdened annual city budgets and promote a higher quality of service to citizens. Municipalities have historically always provided basic services such as fire protection, water purification/treatment and recreational facilities. However, would private companies or another municipality be able to better deliver the same services more efficiently or at a lower cost? The city or town often provides a political grass roots approach to most local problems. Municipalities are better positioned and have a wider scope to provide services to their constituents in order to ensure quality of service that does not erode accountability and transparency, or drive the municipality deeper into debt.
The financial status of the General Fund and the Street Fund seem to be in descent shape. The General Fund has a balance of $2,147,373. The General Fund was mention in the transmittal letter, which the city administrator and treasurer both stated that they hope to keep the fund at 25% of the operating expenditures to help prevent the city from any adverse economic conditi...
[1] Noreen, Eric W., Brewer Peter C., et al., Managerial Accounting for Managers, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York, NY, 2011.
At the beginning of the 20th century, government budgeting was a decentralized process more conducive to the small government ideals at that time. The executive branch was less involved in the process and less influential in terms of funding decisions. There were no definitive procedures and no real central authority. The submission process was informal and chaotic. Each agency subm...
Any judgment of the internal financing capability of a municipality is, therefore, a judgment on its governance standards. A better governed municipality implies better information availability, better assessment capability and better collection efficiencies that are then reflected in the quantum of revenues generated through internal financial support levers. Consequently, any effort to significantly get better the infrastructure provision scenario in Gimbi town will need to begin by giving a significant push to improving the assessment, enforcement and collection of internal revenue levers (Anand Sahasranaman & Vishnu Prasad, 2014). According to the report of Gimbi town Municipality, annual average revenue is only 5.6 million. This indicates that there is a problem of exhaustively use of the resource and in efficient revenue collection from the identified
One of the most debatable topics in the accounting industry today is the extent in which we should make the financial statements understandable to the general population. The FASB currently gears its reporting standards toward...
What do you understand by the phrase “stakeholder analysis”? Attempt a stakeholder analysis of an organisation that you are closely associated with.
...r pillars of public administration are equally important in the process of public administration and complement one another in the provision of quality public service. When public administrators have economy in mind they focus on the best combination of available resources to provide optimum public service. To ensure that public service is not limited to only a section of the public, the issue of equity is taken into consideration so that public interest is realized. Efficiency and effectiveness additionally go hand in hand in ensuring that allocated resources are used in the best possible manner to attain set goals. Thus whereas the first three public administration pillars – Economy, efficiency and effectiveness are concerned with how public service is provided the fourth and most recent addition (Equity) concerns with for whom public service is provided.
Garrison, R. H., Noreen, E. W., & Brewer, P. c. (2010). Managerial Accounting. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin.
The primary purposes of the governmental budget are to legitimize public expenditures and to account for and control the usage of public resources. As budgets evolve, officials find that the annual budget should be used for planning, coordinating, and scheduling programs. Demands on municipalities force them to engage in establishing priorities and monitoring how well the priorities are achieved. It is no longer possible for a municipal government to do everything for everyone. A municipal government must prioritize the services that are mandatory, urgent, and that are done well. Resources must be aligned with strategies and citizen’s needs by allocating them over some time frame; usually twelve months – a fiscal year.
A financial manager does not only take care of the day to day accounting assignment, but is expected to be involved in every financial decision within the company. A financial manager will normally be seen working with other managers on matters that will affect the financial state of the company. He or she is not only a financial projection expert, but is also in charge with overseeing the finances of a company and carries out all strategic financial planning and reports, delivers statements and summarizes the company’s financial activity to stakeholders and other interested out and inside party’s. The financial manger holds authority over decisions such as, costs, payroll, investment, mergers and acquisitions. They also oversee employees who work in the financial department. Financial manager’s work in the private as well as the public sector and their work environment varies. They have different responsibilities depending on who they work for and how big the company they work for is. Financial attention is the foundation of all major business decisions, and finance managers are responsible for making sure that all financial obligations are being met. Planning the short term as well as the long term budget is needed, and companies need to be aware of the consequence of their decisions before they proceed. They have to ensure that financial practices are in line, they are expected to follow the rules set by the company, and they also have to follow national and local rules and regulations. It can result in some serious consequences if the rules and regulations aren’t followed.
The success of a company is very dependent upon its financial accounting. In accounting there are numerous Regulatory bodies that govern the accounting world. These companies are extremely important to a company because they set the standards when it comes to the language and decision making of a company. These regulatory bodies can be structured as agencies, associations, commissions, and boards. Without companies like the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB), Internal Accounting Standards Board (IASB), Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and other regulatory bodies a company could not make well informed decisions. In this paper the author will look at only four of them.
Financial reporting is an example of an ethical problem for an organization or business. Many busin...
This essay discusses the radical transformation of the principles and foundations of public administration from traditional to New Public Management. Firstly the essay will attempt to define the key terms of traditional public administration and the doctrine of New Public Management. Rabin J. (2003) explains that New Public Management embodies “a process in public administration that uses information and experiences obtained in business management and other disciplines to improve efficiency, usefulness and general operation of public services in contemporary bureaucracies.“Traditional Public Administration progresses from governmental contributions, with services perceived by the bureaucracy.
It requires an adequate and sound organizational structure, that is, there must be a definite assignment of responsibility for each function of the enterprise. Budgeting compels all the members of management, from the top to bottom to participate in the establishment of goals and plans. Budgeting compels departmental managers to make plans in harmony with the other departments and of the entire enterprise. Budgeting helps the management to put down in figures what is necessary for a satisfactory performance. Budgeting helps the management to plan for the most economical use of labor, material and capital. Budgeting tends to remove the cloud of uncertainty that exists in many organizations, especially among lower levels of management, relative to basic policies and objectives. Budgeting promotes an understanding among members of management of their co-workers' problems. Budgeting force management to give adequate attention to the effects of general business conditions. Budgeting aids in obtaining bank credit as banks commonly require a projection of future operations and cash flows to support