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Experience of leukemia essay paper
Leukemia is a general term used to describe a group of malignant disorders affecting the blood and blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow, lymph sys...
Acute myeloid leukemia m1
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Leukemia What is Leukemia? Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. It begins in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside the bones. Within the bone marrow is where white blood cells are created, that help fight off bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms within the body that cause infections. The disease develops to when the white blood cells are being produced out of control. The cells that are being produced do not work properly as they should, they grow faster than a normal cell would and don’t know when to stop growing. Overtime, if not treated properly, the white blood cells will over crowd blood cells, creating a serious problem such as anemia, bleeding and infection. Leukemia cells can spread to the lymph nodes and other organs in the body causing swelling and pain. What different types of leukemia exist? - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): is a cancer of the bone marrow and the blood that progresses rapidly without treatment. This cancer is very common in children 1 to 19 years old. ALL affects the blood cells and immune system. It is very important to start treatment as soon as possible after diagnosis. - Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML): Is a cancer of the bone marrow and the blood that will progress quickly without treatment. This type of leukemia affects mainly the cells that aren’t fully developed. Therefore, making the cells not carry out their normal functions. With this type of dysfunctional activity in the cells at an early stage, this why it is very important to get care and treatment as soon as possible. - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow. Depending on the patients and progress of the cancer, it will either grow... ... middle of paper ... ...s of getting it. A risk factor is only anything that raises your chance in getting the disease. Famous people with leukemia: - Ed Bradley, Broadcast journalist, CBS News “60 Minutes” • http://www.famouspeoplearehuman.com/famous-people-leukemia.htm - Robin Bush, Daughter of George H.W Bush • http://www.famouspeoplearehuman.com/famous-people-leukemia.htm - Bill Walsh, Pro Football Head Coach of San Francisco 49’ers • http://www.famouspeoplearehuman.com/famous-people-leukemia.htm Leukemia survivor: Created by: Mikayla D. Williams Peer Reviewed by: - - Websites: - http://www.webmd.com/cancer/tc/leukemia-topic-overview - http://www.lls.org/#/diseaseinformation/leukemia/ - http://leukemia.emedtv.com/leukemia/stages-of-leukemia.html
Chronic Myeloid leukemia (CML) is a blood and bone marrow disease that slowly progresses. The disease usually occurs in middle aged or older individuals and rarely occurs in children. In CML, an unusually high number of blood stem cells become granulocytes. These granulocytes, also called leukemia cells are irregular in shape and do not develop into healthy white blood cells. Eventually, they concentrate in the blood leaving no room for healthy cells which may lead to infection, anemia, or bleeding. The typical signs of CML include fatigue, fever, night sweats, and weight loss (6).
Risk factors involve the child itself and the parent or caretaker. Risk factors for the child consist of male gender, history of colic, prematurity, low birth weight, drug/nicotine/alcohol exposure, or withdrawal syndrome, special needs or medically fragile and babies with poor bonding to caregivers (Meskauskas, Beaton, & Meservey, 2009, p. 326). Young parental age, unstable family environment, low soc...
Acute subdural hematoma The definition of a traumatic brain injury is damage inflicted to the head/brain due to an external mechanical force, for example falls in elderly people or road traffic accidents in younger people. A standardized approach to assessing the severity of the brain injury is advocated by the means of Glasgow coma scale (GCS). It is the universal classification system and it consists of assessing three categories; Eye, motor and verbal scales. The sum score ranges from 3 to 15.
Yearly, around six hundred to nine hundred people are diagnosed with Aplastic Anemia within the United States. Aplastic Anemia is a autoimmune hematological disorder that causes pancytopenia which is a reduction in major blood components, namely, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. This disease has been labelled as a type of bone marrow failure, that is often due to not one but a variety of disorders that occur simultaneously. Aplastic Anemia can therefore be defined as a bone marrow disorder that is often rare, non contagious, and can often be life threatening.
Embryonic development is a remarkable process that requires carefully regulated cell proliferation, the formation of distinct cell lineases that adopt unique cell functions, and finally the concerted interaction between cell types to produce complex tissues. These events take place within the uterus of the mother after the conceptus implants, this feature demands that the conceptus composes additional events, beyond its own development, related to controlling maternal physiological functions, growth of uterus and provision of a supply of nutrients and oxygen through the formation of the placenta; these processes are amongst the earliest events to occur during embryogenesis. The following discussion paper will give a brief description of the multiple myeloma. It will then discuss about the history of thalidomide, its pathogenesis, usefulness and side effects on embryo and foetal development. Also, it will discuss about the factors affecting teratogenicity, diagnosis process to detect any defect on unborn baby and general recommendation to the patient.
The emphasis on health and fitness has become paramount in our society today in an effort to prevent and combat diseases such as Cancers. Cancers are a group of over 100 diseases that affects every aspect of the human system from skin, to bones, to muscles, to blood. One of the most common blood disorders is Leukemia. As defined by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of the bone that is responsible for the production of blood cells. The term leukemia means white blood. The term leukocytes refer to white blood cells, which are body’s defense against infections and other foreign substances. When Leukemia occurs there is an uncontrolled increase in the number of white blood cells. When this occurs, these cancerous cells inhibit the production of healthy red blood cells, platelets, and mature white blood cells. Over time the cancerous cells can spread to the bloodstream and lymph nodes. They can also travel to the Central Nervous System and the rest of the body.
95% of the genetic mutations resulting in CLL are in B-cells. The other 5% are in T- or NK-cells. These mutations result in abnormal lymphocytes (leukemic cells). As the cancer progresses from the blood to the marrow, the increased number of cancerous cells push healthy white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets out of the bone marrow. This “takeover” of the marrow can result in anemia, reduced ability to fight infection and easy bleeding. The increased rates of secondary infections are the result of decreased infection-fighting capacity of white blood cells.
Do you know what lymphoma is? More than one million people in the world have the cancer, and yet only half of the population knows what it is. A type of lymphoma called Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most common types of cancer in the United States, accounting for more than 4% of all cancer cases. Of all Americans, 2.1% will be diagnosed with this cancer in their lifetime, and yet as common as it is many still do not know of or understand lymphoma.
Dynamic risk factors can change on their own or can be changed through intervention, they are based on current age, education level, marital status,
“Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system; this system fights off viruses and bacterias. The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes (lymph glands), spleen, thymus gland and bone marrow. Lymphoma can affect all these areas as well as other organs throughout the body”. (Mayo Clinic 2016) There are two types of Lymphoma: hodgkins and non-hodgkin's. “The major difference between the two types of lymphoma; is that Hodgkin’s lymphoma is easier to treat with chemotherapy and radiotherapy while Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is harder to treat, but is possible” (Bingham 2010). The most common lymphoma type is non-hodgkins which also runs in my family history.
Sickle Cell Disease is a condition where there is not enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Another name for sickle cell disease is sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is inherited as a simple recessive condition. In normal red blood cells, the cells are usually flexible and round. However, in sickle cell disease the red cells become rigid and sticky. They are shaped like sickles or crescent moons. Because these cells are irregular, they can get stuck in small blood vessels. The small blood vessels slow or block blood flow. Without enough red blood cells in circulation a person's body cannot get the adequate amounts of oxygen needed to feel energized.
No matter who it happens to, any type of cancer is heart breaking. However, one’s heart seems to crack a little bit deeper when you hear a child has been diagnosed. Several forms of cancer can arise during childhood. The most common is called acute lymphoblastic/lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). In fact, it is so common between the ages 0-14, that people refer to it as childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Kanwar, 2013).
...l risk factors that are fully linked developing multiple myeloma. Therefore, preventative measures remain unknown.
The Phase I trial will be discussed here as it pertains to the topic at hand. The typical treatment for cervical cancer if surgery is not a viable option – like if the cancer has spread, then called locally advanced cervical cancer – is chemotherapy and radiation treatment at the same time. This phase I clinical trial is simply looking to add ipilimumab to this regimen, but once the chemo/radiation has been completed (LACC article). Chemo and radiation destroy tumor cells, which causes tumor-associated antigens to be released. Once released, these antigens are exogenous (outside the cell) and will be presented to helper T cells to initiate an immune response.
Bone cancer is classified into primary bone cancer & secondary bone cancer. Basically, Primary bone cancer starts in the bone; then the cancer initially forms in the cells of the bone; while the secondary cancer starts elsewhere in the body and gets spread to the bone.