Leonardo's "Last Supper" is a priceless piece of art with much hidden meaning and obvious talents bestowed upon a wall. Under the study of Verrocchio as a painter and a sculptor, he was able to use his skills in creating a very detailed and a very naturalistic piece of work that would be remembered for hundreds of years. He was also able to create characters with amazing individuality. Not only was his portrayal of the characters magnificent, but the symbolism he used which emphasized the story being told in the "Last Supper".
Lodovico Sforza chose Leonardo to create "The Last Supper" in the refectory of the Dominican Church of S. Maria delle Grazie in Milan. The Abate of the S. Maria delle Grazie saw Leonardo work from morning until night on "The Last Supper" without eating. Although, there were times he would stop painting for days at a time; or, he would work on a specific character for just a few moments and then leave to continue working on it later. He worked on it from 1495 thru 1498 (Strauss, 27).
Before Leonardo began painting the actual portrait, he put down a substance which was suppose to absorb the tempora and protect the tempora from the moisture on the wall. Unfortunately, the substance was proved unsuccessful, and by 1517 it began to deteriorate.
In May 1556 a painter Giovanni Batista Armenini said that the painting was ‘so badly affected that nothing is visible but a mass of blots'(Heydenreich, 18). The painting has continued to decay in the following centuries. It was further damaged by restorations made by careless artists and by the addition of a doorway put in the lower part of the painting. Yet even to this day his painting "The Last Supper" is widely known and visited by many tourists each year. ...
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...ical movement and mental emotion by the pause between two great emotions which are the "momentarily stiffening" at an extreme point of excitement and at the horror of being "startled out of tranquility" (Heydenreich, 67). The painting portrays both expression and emotion. This combination complements each other. The expressions allow the viewers to see the emotions the characters are feeling. Their frozen movement allows one to see they are human. We can see both their outward and inward reactions. It is as if Leonardo had been there, and he had taken a picture of the marvelous meal. He definitely accomplished his goal in portraying his "Last Supper" as a realistic piece of art. The symbolism, the individualized personalities of the characters, and the skills such as the light perspective and spacial perspective blended together to fo!rm a photograph-like painting.
By most accounts, the year 1500 was in the midst of the height of the Italian Renaissance. In that year, Flemmish artist Jean Hey, known as the “Master of Moulins,” painted “The Annunciation” to adorn a section of an alter piece for his royal French patrons. The painting tells the story of the angel Gabriel’s visit to the Virgin Mary to deliver the news that she will give birth to the son of God. As the story goes, Mary, an unwed woman, was initially terrified about the prospects of pregnancy, but eventually accepts her fate as God’s servant. “The Annunciation” is an oil painting on a modest canvas, three feet tall and half as wide. The setting of the painting is a study, Mary sitting at a desk in the bottom right hand corner reading, and the angel Gabriel behind her holding a golden scepter, perhaps floating and slightly off the canvas’s center to the left. Both figures are making distinct hand gestures, and a single white dove, in a glowing sphere of gold, floats directly above Mary’s head. The rest of the study is artistic but uncluttered: a tiled floor, a bed with red sheets, and Italian-style architecture. “The Annunciation” was painted at a momentous time, at what is now considered the end of the Early Renaissance (the majority of the 15th Century) and the beginning of the High Renaissance (roughly, 1495 – 1520). Because of its appropriate placement in the Renaissance’s timeline and its distinctly High Renaissance characteristics, Jean Hey’s “Annunciation” represents the culmination of the transition from the trial-and-error process of the Early Renaissance, to the technical perfection that embodied the High Renaissance. Specifically, “Annunciation” demonstrates technical advancements in the portrayal of the huma...
There has been few works of art that have created as much esteem, contestation and conjecture as The Last Supper, which was completed by Da Vinci in 1498. The painting depicts the scene of the last supper of Jesus with his disciples as depicted in the gospel of John 13:21: “When Jesus had said these things, he was troubled in the Spirit, and testified, and said, Verily, verily I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me.” The painting shows all of the disciples, Bartholomew, James, Andrew, Judas, Peter, John, Thomas, James the greater, Philip, Matthew, Jude Thaddeus, and Simon the zealot, all which are surprised by the accusation that Jesus made onto them, as depicted by Leonardo Da Vinci. What is the most captivating about this painting is not what we know, but what we don’t know. In other words, it is the enigma of this painting that enamors.
A documentary film released in 2005 called the Smartest Guys in the Room reveals the shocking collapse of Enron. The Smartest Guys, Kenneth Lay, Jeff Skilling, Andrew Fastow, Lou Pai, Clifford Baxtor, and Arthur Anderson, were all involved with America’s ultimate Corporation Scandal. But who do we blame? Enron had over 20,000 employees and was founded by Kenneth Lay, CEO of Enron, in 1985. Lay wanted to push his views of deregulation which pushed him to start the company (SGR). The first event that happened leading up to the downfall was the president, Mr. Borget, and his traders manipulating the company’s earnings and exporting the profits to their personal account. When Lay made the decision to not fire them, it definitely raised the
The Last Supper by Leonardo is very different to Tintoretto’s representation of the same incident. The last supper is one of the most important occurrences which took place in the Christian religion such an important event that many have seen the need for the event visually recorded through art the two most famous of these representations are by far Tintoretto’s and Leonardo’s works. The Last Supper by Leonardo was created during the renaissance period and is a simple symbolic work with little emotion. Tintoretto however chose to represent the event in a surrealistic manner to give full impact; A way in which was typical of the art period in which he painted the work, the Mannerist period. The two works although essentially containing the same subject differ immensely. This difference is strongly evident through the artists contrasting use of colour, light, realism, technique perception and focal point/s.
Leonardo da Vinci would usually paint with oil paint that he made by hand from ground pigments. Later into his career, he use a tempera made from egg whites. His work surface typically would be a canvas or board, or sometimes stone when painting a mural. As da Vinci began a painting, he would start by covering the canvas with a pale gray or brown, using the neutral color for underpainting. On the top of the underpainting, da Vinci would layer transparent glazes within a small range of tones. Typically, the colors used were natural hues. Da Vinci never used intense or bold colors or tints in contrasting colors. By using a small range of colors, da Vinci was able to give his finished works a more cohesive appearance. The Leonardo da Vinci painting technique used natural hues that were lesser in intensity. Most often, his works used blues, browns and greens in accordance to the earth itself. He would also use neutral grays, typically for underpainting. Leonardo incorporated glazes using the da Vinci painting technique of sfumato. Meaning “like smoke,” smufato consists of applying dark glazes in place of blunt colors to add depth. Leonardo da Vinci is quoted how he created compound colors by painting a transparent colour over the saying that “when a transparent color lies over another color differing from it. This
Enron was the world 's biggest and richest company in the late nineteen-nineties. It 's net value reached 70 billion dollars over the course of a decade and crashed and burned in a single year of savage media coverage and brutal criminal investigations. It 's important to understand how individual arrogance, the corporate recklessness, and U.S. greed collaboratively cost the biggest economic scandal of its kind. Enron was founded in nineteen eighty-five by Kenneth Lay as a natural gas company in the Pacific Northwest. Around that time the energy markets of the US were being deregulated, that is transitioning from government control to free-market. Lay hired visionary Jeffrey Skilling. Under his leadership, the company moved to Houston, Texas
The story of Enron begins in 1985, with the merger of two pipeline companies, orchestrated by a man named Kenneth L. Lay (Zellner & Forest, 2001). In its 15 years of existence, Enron expanded its operations to provide products and services in the areas of electricity, natural gas as well as communications. Through its diversification, Enron would become known as a corporate America darling (Tonge, Greer & Lawton, 2003) and Fortune Magazine’s most innovative company for 5 years in a row (Hayes & Ariail, 2013). They reported extraordinary profits in a short amount of time. For example, in 1998 Enron shares were valued at a little over $20, while in mid-2000, those same shares were valued at just over $90 (Hayes & Ariail, 2013), the all-time high during the company’s existence (Tonge, Greer & Lawton, 2003).
Vinci’s painting of the Last Supper. This picture displays Jesus sitting at the table with
Wolfe, Brendan. "Colonial Virginia." Encyclopedia Virginia:. Encyclopedia Virginia, 22 Feb. 2012. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. .
Nanotechnology is defined as “ a technology executed on the scale of less than 100 nanometers, the goal of which is to control individual atoms and molecules, especially to create computer chips and other microscopic devices” (Webster’s Dictionary, 1999). In the early 1970’s an MIT student by the name of K. Eric Drexler came up with the idea of manufacturing things, both biological and non-biological, from the molecular level up. Drexler noticed the amazing talents of natural biology and wondered if humans could mimic biology on a mechanical level,
He meant to get his ways of thinking out there for the world to see. He knew that if you were a deep thinker and learner as him, you would see and understand the way he saw and understood. He knew it would be a great asset to the Renaissance period and that he would leave an imprint on the world to view. I could tell that in the painting of The Last Supper that, he wanted you to be in deep thought and wonder what Jesus could have been talking about with his disciples. It has been rumors of what he was saying, but the truth is nobody really knows. It gets you to thinking because you are wondering like what he said, what they said back, what his reaction was when they did respond and what the ending result was. With the Mona Lisa, it leaves you in deep thought because you want to know what could she be smirking about or did he even mean to have that smirk on her face. He wants you to wonder what was the point of adding the slight smirk to her face, or could you just be seeing a smirk that actually was a frown. The memories and emotions of the artworks were based on religion and his thoughts of how a woman should be portrayed. The Mona Lisa looks innocent, natural and pure. It shows realism in the portrait, because of the way she is positioned in the painting. I believe Leonardo da Vinci made this artwork to compare the Mona Lisa to a mother-figure or his mother in particular. In conclusion, the Last Supper with Jesus and his disciples focused on what was happening at that time. I think he based it on the bible, but translated them into his own thoughts to show that it is possible to read something and comprehend it on a different level than how it was
There are a few key players involved in this scandal that should be highlighted. First, is the founder Kenneth Lay. Lay was the chairman and Chief Executive Officer at Enron until the promotion of Jeffrey Skilling in February of 2001. It was under the management of Skilling that Enron began using ‘mark to market accounting’, defined as “when the value of an asset is updated to its current market levels,” meaning Enron estimated profits from future deals. This strategy helped make Enron one of the biggest gas and electricity wholesalers. Skilling did not last long as the CEO of Enron as he resigned in August of 2001, while also selling large amounts of his shares in the company. Another major contributor to this scandal was Chief Financial Officer, Andrew Fastow. Fastow was the key component to helping the Enron executives gather all this money from the company. David Duncan was another major factor that allowed this scandal to happen. Duncan was Enron’s chief auditor at Arthur Anderson, an accounting firm that provided auditing services. TRANSITION
Enron Corporation was an American company that specialized in energy commodities and services well known for its impressive rise and scandalous decline. The company was based in Houston, Texas and was formed in July 1985 as a result of Houston Natural Gas merging with InterNorth, an Omaha based company. Kenneth L. Lay, who previously worked as the CEO of Houston Natural Gas, became the chairmen and chief executive of the newly formed Enron in 1986 (Jelveh and Russell, The Rise and Fall of Enron). Enron initially began as an interstate and intrastate natural gas piping company containing 37,500 miles of pipe. The earliest signs of trouble surfaced in January 1987, when the company became aware of...
...mpted to restore the mural. However the project was started in 1978 managed by Pinin Brambilla Barcilon. Finally after twenty-one years the restoration of The Last Supper was complete in 1999. On May 28th, 1999 the mural was taken back to its original display. The painting is now conserved by a high-tech air filtering system, moisture monitoring environment, and dust-filtering compartments. Visitors may visit only if reservations have been made and groups are limited to 25 people for viewing times of only 15 minutes.
The two paintings and artists I am going to compare and contrast are "The Last Supper" by Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) and "The Last Supper" by Jacopo Tintoretto (1518-1594). Although I am not a religious person, the sight of the painting by Tintoretto amazed me for the simple fact that it is so different from "The Last Supper" I grew up with.