Purpose: Writing is important in all areas of scientific work, because results have no value unless shared with other workers. A lab report explains what was done in the experiment, what was learned, and what the results meant. An important aspect of science is to present information in a clear and precise manner so that other people can interpret and trust your data. Consequently, experimental data should be organized and presented in scientifically accepted ways, the most common forms being tables and graphs. Learning the appropriate way to present experimental data in the form of tables and graphs is essential to any scientist. Experimental data should be determined and recorded with proper precision and accuracy, and computers have made …show more content…
The best-fit lines were “ y = -0.000256 (g/mL.°C) x + 1.003393 (g/mL) ” for the temperatures between 20-30 °C, and “ y = -0.000162 (g/mL. °C) x + 1.001496 (g/mL) “ for the temperatures between 12-20 °C. (999.8426 kg)/(1 m3) × (1000 g)/(1 kg) ×((1 m)/(100 cm))3=0.9998426 g/cm3 =0.9998426 g/mL To determine the density at 22.7 °C, the equation “ y = 0.000256 (g/mL.°C) x + 1.003393 (g/mL) “ was used. y = 0.000256 (g/mL/ °C)x + 1.003393 (g/mL) y = 0.000256 (g/mL / °C)22.7 (°C) + 1.003393 (g/mL) y = 1.0092 g/mL Table 2. The Density of a Water Sample Determined at Different Temperatures. Temperature (°C) Density (g/mL) Density (kg/m3) 0.0 0.9998426 999.8426 1.0 0.9999015 999.9015 2.0 0.9999429 999.9429 3.0 0.9999672 999.9672 4.0 0.9999750 999.9750 5.0 0.9999668 999.9668 6.0 0.9999430 999.9430 7.0 0.9999043 999.9043 8.0 0.9998509 999.8509 9.0 0.9997834 999.7834 10.0 0.9997021 999.7021 11.0 0.9996074 999.6074 12.0 0.9994996 …show more content…
This is reflected by the number of significant figures used to report the acquired experimental values. Hence, the rules of significant figures are of utmost importance, as they must be applied properly to avoid the misleading presentation of data. Significant figures make data analysis less ambiguous and therefore much easier. The more significant figures the more accurate the data will be. Uncertainty in a value can be reported by using standard deviation. Standard deviation is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation in a set of data values. A standard deviation close to zero indicates that the data points tend to be very close to the mean of the set, while a high standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out over a wider range of values. It is essentially used to calculate the probability of an anomaly or to measure confidence in statistical conclusions. In graphs, the number of points included when fitting a portion of a non-linear curve to a line is somewhat subjective. The advantage to including more points allows for generating a more accurate statistical "best fit" equation describing the behavior of the graph. The disadvantage is that it is more time
When preformed each of these experiments with each temperature of water, plugging them into the equation (Delta)(Ti – hot – Tf) T Hot x Cp x Mass(Cold) = (Delta)(Tf – Ti – Cold) T Cold x Cp x Mass(Hot)(d
The 2SD Rule, to use this rule, you start by estimating what the mean or average value is and what the standard deviation is. The 2SD Rule then gives you a way to translate those statistics into numbers people will relate to.
The results of this experiment are shown in the compiled student data in Table 1 below.
In this experiment, there were several objectives. First, this lab was designed to determine the difference, if any, between the densities of Coke and Diet Coke. It was designed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of several lab equipment measurements. This lab was also designed to be an introduction to the LabQuest Data and the Logger Pro data analysis database. Random, systematic, and gross errors are errors made during experiments that can have significant effects to the results. Random errors do not really have a specific cause, but still causes a few of the measurements to either be a little high or a little low. Systematic errors occur when there are limitations or mistakes on lab equipment or lab procedures. These kinds of errors cause measurements to be either be always high or always low. The last kind of error is gross errors. Gross errors occur when machines or equipment fail completely. However, gross errors usually occur due to a personal mistake. For this experiment, the number of significant figures is very important and depends on the equipment being used. When using the volumetric pipette and burette, the measurements are rounded to the hundredth place while in a graduated cylinder, it is rounded to the tenth place.
1. Decide on a range of temperatures from 5 °C to 35 °C to be tested.
In a research laboratory this could lead to wrong conclusions, wasted time and wasted
Possible sources of error in this experiment include the inaccuracy of measurements, as correct measurements are vital for the experiment.
The data which was collected in Procedure A was able to produce a relatively straight line. Even though this did have few straying points, there was a positive correlation. This lab was able to support Newton’s Law of Heating and Cooling.
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
To develop problem solving and experimental skills, for example, information is accurately processed and presented, experimental procedures are planned, designed and evaluated properly, producing valid results, recording results, and valid conclusion is drawn.
Methodology: A plastic cup was filled half way with crushed ice and mixed with four spoonfuls of 5 mL of sodium chloride. A thermometer was quickly placed inside the cup to take the temperature and the
Size of the conical flasks The size and mass of the marble chips (2 grams). The time interval (20 seconds). When I do the temperature experiment I will keep the concentration experiment with the same. What factors will you change during the investigation? ---------------------------------------------------------------
In a Styrofoam cup, record the temperature of the 200 ml of cold water. This is 200 g of water, as the density of water is 1 g/ml.
Standard Deviation is a measure about how spreads the numbers are. It describes the dispersion of a data set from its mean. If the dispersion of the data set is higher from the mean value, then the deviation is also higher. It is expressed as the Greek letter Sigma (σ).
Experiments use inquiry skills and methods to make estimates, predictions, gather and analyze data, draw conclusions, and present findings. Examples include texting sink or float objects, growth conditions, and steps needed to create an electrical circuit.