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The complex character of King Richard II
King richard the second act 1 shakespeare
The complex character of King Richard II
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Over the years, the question of ‘What makes a good monarch?’ has arose. There are certain standards that Kings and Queens are held to and many have fallen short in these departments, one being King Richard III. However, there are a few that have exceeded the expectations, followed the standards, and ruled with dignity and honor. King Edward III and his brother-in-law, King Harold II are two examples of worthy monarchs. The traits that makes them so noble and distinguished are their legitimacy, fairness, leadership, protection of the realm, advances of the realm, and their perspective. When monarchs take these standards seriously and work to improve themselves in these areas, they are considered a good monarch, unfortunately, there are too many Kings and Queens that did not possess these characteristics and This alone proves that Richard III was in no way fit to rule as the King and considering what he had to do in order to put himself in the position of power explains why he only served a meager two years before he was killed in battle. However, what he lacked in fitness to rule he made up in when it came to protection of the realm. Biography.com says that King Richard made “…attempts to ease tensions with the Lancastrians, allowing the relocation of Henry VI's remains to St. George's Chapel.” In doing so, King Richard resolved the conflict and possibly prevented an uprising that could have ended in a disaster but he didn’t stop there. He also, signed an agreement with Scotland that called for a ceasefire. These actions would have been King Richards only hope to be remembered for positive leadership. He is actually remembered by many as one of the most “historic and turbulent leaders” (Biography.com) there ever was. Even Shakespeare portrayed him as a bad ruler, with an even worse case of hunchback, in his play King Richard III. An example of his not so positive leadership would be when King Richard “agreed
“The key factor in limiting royal power in the years 1399-1509 was the king’s relationship with parliament.”
Shakespeare constructs King Richard III to perform his contextual agenda, or to perpetrate political propaganda in the light of a historical power struggle, mirroring the political concerns of his era through his adaptation and selection of source material. Shakespeare’s influences include Thomas More’s The History of King Richard the Third, both constructing a certain historical perspective of the play. The negative perspective of Richard III’s character is a perpetuation of established Tudor history, where Vergil constructed a history intermixed with Tudor history, and More’s connection to John Morton affected the villainous image of the tyrannous king. This negative image is accentuated through the antithesis of Richards treachery in juxtaposition of Richmond’s devotion, exemplified in the parallelism of ‘God and Saint George! Richmond and victory.’ The need to legitimize Elizabeth’s reign influenced Shakespeare’s portra...
Richard III's Usurpation and His Downfall Richards rule was always unstable due to his unlawful usurpation to the throne and his part as far as the public was concerned in the death of the two princes. As a result right from the start he didn't have the trust or support from his country. As soon as he became King people were already plotting against him. After he was crowned he travelled the country trying to raise support by refusing the generous gifts offered to him by various cities. However unknown to him a rebellion was been planned in the South.
The Loss of the Throne by Richard III There are many views as to whether Richard III lost his throne, or if it was a mainly Tudor advance which secured it. Overall I think that Henry Tudor did not actively gain the throne decisively, in fact Richard III lost it from making key mistakes throughout his reign, and at Bosworth. Richard weakened his grasp on the throne by indulging in a vast plantations policy which gave too much power to Northerners and inevitably made him dependant on these few. The fact that Northerners were given such a huge dependence enraged the South, and rid Richard of many possible backers during a war. Richard had also been so determined to suppress any rebellions and secure Henry Tudors downfall that he spent vast National funds on these ventures.
Machiavelli wrote that a ruler should be both like “a lion and a fox” (The Prince, Chapter XVIII). By this Machiavelli means that a ruler should be like a lion to keep away the wolves that can get to the fox who finds the traps that the lion could get into. Essentially, a ruler should be cunning and powerful. Elizabeth I of England and Louis XIV of France fit these characteristics. Louis XIV acted as a lion in such ways as the Edict of Fontainebleau which took away the power of the Huguenots. Elizabeth I of England was like a lion because she married her country, not a man, therefore keeping all power to herself and frightening away the “wolves.” Louis XIV acted as a fox by getting away from the “traps” of the nobility by heavily taxing them because he did not want to relive the Fronde, a civil war where he was humiliated by nobles (Tom Richey, Louis XIV Rap 0:27-0:31). Elizabeth acted as a fox because she was religiously tolerant and kept England away from “traps” that could lead to wars.
"History of the Monarchy." Kings and Queens of England. 21 Mar. 2002. Online. Available. <http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page10.asp.26> Mar. 2002
In his article, "Shakespeare 's King Richard III and the Problematics of Tudor Bastardy", Maurice Hunt gives a convincing (dare I say legitimate!) argument for why he believes Shakespeare took a large risk writing and performing his play King Richard III during the life of Queen Elizabeth I. Knowing the challenges Elizabeth faced during her childhood and into her reign because of her father, King Henry VIII 's ever-changing mind whether or not she was a legitimate heir or a bastard, I agree with Hunt in the fact Shakespeare took a huge risk with his performances of Richard III, if in fact she did see the performance which is something I will be touching on later on, but for the sake of the review of his article I will be focusing on his argument based on Elizabeth being present. Hunt also spends a great deal explaining the history of bastardry in the Tudor family so that we can understand why that
Richard being generous gave his younger brother rewards of several lands in England and he also made John the Count of Mortain in France. Whilst he was planning to go through a series of wars, Richard did not want his brother to enter England and he forced John to promise that he wouldn’t and John kept his word until he found out that Richard was intending to give the role of successor to the throne to their nephew. John felt that he should be king and he entered England, breaking his promise and tried to persuade the English people in order to gain the throne but the English woul...
Richard III and the Stability of England Richard became King of England on July the sixth 1483 after the heir to the throne was proclaimed illegitimate. Whether this claim was true or not is questionable. During Richards reign, the stability of England has been debated. Was he the ruler England needed to end the 'Wars of the Roses' and bring stability back to the English people? Or did he cause England to be restless and unsettled?
Richard had weakened since he had become king and was no longer ruthless as he had no reason to be ruthless. He had got what he wanted and was pleased with himself. He thought he was invincible, and he was too confident, which cost him his life. If he had been more careful, he would have been aware of the danger that lied before him. But, he did use some similar techniques in both the scenes.
King Richard II is Shakespeare's example of a king who removes himself from the reality of the common people. Richard views his position as a source of amusement. His "cares" as King, other than an opportunity for an agreeable audience, are merely a burden. Instead of investigating the accusations of treachery from Henry and Mawbrick, he exiles both men as an easy way out. Richard was born a King, and knows no life other than that of royalty. Unfortunately the lesson that must know men to rule them costs him the thrown. Richard's lesson influences his usurper and his usurper's heir to the thrown, demonstrating to them both the value of humility.
Perhaps more significantly, no army of humans come to defend his right either, as he claims soon after his speech about divine right, “the blood of twenty thousand men / did triumph in my face and they are fled; / And till so much blood thither come again / Have I not reason to look pale and dead?” (3.2, 76-79). Learning that all mortal troops, who once defended his divine right to rule, have left him defenseless, Richard grows pale—his absolute power weakened. When beautiful speech must culminate in action, Richard finds all human soldiers, who were moments earlier nothing in comparison with the angelic ones at his beck and call, have left him—the unfavorable, reckless ruler, who like a landlord rather than a king, has leased out royal lands—for the rebel Bolingbroke. The divine right of Richard means nothing without men to back it, and stripped of this, Richard speaks to his few supporters not as a king, not as God’s chosen, but as a human being: “I live with bread like you, feel want, / taste grief, need friends. Subjected thus, / How can you say to me I am a king?” (3.2, 176-178). Richard emphasizes his needs as a living, breathing human and a rather pitiful human at that. To compare this man with
Shakespeare Richard III was a traitor, a murderer, a tyrant, and a hypocrite. The leading characteristics of his mind are scorn, sarcasm, and an overwhelming contempt. It appears that the contempt for his victims rather than active hatred or cruelty was the motive for murdering them. Upon meeting him he sounds the keynote to his whole character. " I, that am curtailed of this proportion, cheated of feature by dissembling nature, Deform'd, unfinish'd sent before my time Into this word scarce half made up"( 1.1.20-23)
Henry IV is a play that concerns itself with political power and kingship in English history. References to kingship are prevalent throughout the play, especially in the depiction of the characters. Although most of the characters in this play could teach us about kingship, I would like to focus my attention to Prince Henry. I think that this character helps us to best understand what kingship meant at this particular time in history.
It is apparent that Richard is envious with his own brother, King Edward IV, who is going to occupy the throne and replace Edward VI due to a serious ill. We could see in Act One Scene One, when all of England is celebrating King Edward IV on becoming a king, Richard does not want to join and instead isolating himself from the others. From his monologues, the reader will also be able to catch his overpowering desire to be a king and seeks to gain control over the entire