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Apartheid in South Africa -- Historical Context
Summary of apartheid in south africa
Apartheid in South Africa -- Historical Context
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Kaffir Boy Abdu Osman Kaffir boy is a story of Mark Mathabane’s escape from life under the political system apartheid in South Africa. Apartheid was when the national party government was elected in the 1948 and they decided to racially segregate South Africans. Apartheid means separation and in this case between the white south Africans and everybody else. This idea being it was to limit the rights and undermine the black Africans. The book kaffir boy is great example of the apartheid. Kaffir boy shows the trials and tribulations being faced during the apartheid in South Africa such as lack of equality, suffering and education. Even before national party was won the election the segregation laws began much earlier. Only after 3 years South …show more content…
Africa gained there independence the land act was passed. In 1913 segregation laws started to evolve . It was strikingly the beginning of total separation. It forced black Africans illegal for them to work as a share croppers. Apartheid was an extreme system of segregating South Africans, it began in the colonial times during the British and the Dutch were ruling. This new policy divided South Africans into four different racial groups. The Groups areas act laid the foundation and also made interracial marriages illegal1. Which were the natives, whites colored and Asian. Under the apartheid the black South Africans were also forced to live on the reserves even though they made up most of the population. That meant that the black South Africans were made to use distant universal facilities. The First aspect of apartheid in South Africa that Mathabane demonstrates is the lack of equality.
For example mark’s dad got laid off temporarily, without been recalled and has to ask for permission for another job and was arrested for been unemployed. The family was hungry and with a baby on the way they were down to one meal a day, and because of that they had to go and look for food since they can feed themselves. Every morning they would go to the dumpster and try to get their first to get the food that the white people threw away. While the white people lived in a nice neighbor hoods and very well built schools and houses while they lived in shacks. The police was always around “in the morning in 1965, where Mark and his mother were suddenly surprise when the police (Peri-Urban) came to check sign of any illegally citizen living …show more content…
there”2. In the city Alexandra they would have signs that would say “any person who passes into the area without a permit may be prosecuted for breaking the Bantu (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act of 1945” 2. It was almost in every street, it meant that whites weren't allowed to enter by law. The Apartheid has alter and modified everyone and everything. When the Bantu act passed. They gotten rid-of the money that was going into their institutions. They wanted to stop and restrain the black South Africans from gaining any influence and ideas from the westerns. Their goal wasn’t just to separate whites from blacks but to limit their influence in politics. There suffering under the apartheid was endless. The second aspect that mark demonstrates in kaffir boy is suffering.
Throughout the book they are always suffering in one way or another. They are starving because they have nothing else for example ‘Each day we spent without food drove us closer and closer to starvation. Then terror struck. I began having fainting spells. I would be out playing when suddenly my head would feel light, my knees would wobbles, my vision would dim and blur and down I would come like a log.”2(37) or become very ill with diseases like when George and Florah become sick. “Their stomach looked like they were about to burst their bodies were covered with sores, which punctured and oozed pus, and their hair turned to a strange orange colour”2.With no money to take care of them and no place to
go. Another example of suffering would be when mark is trying to become a boxer and the owner of the gym makes him fight a boxer. Mark is being beaten and the owner acts like he heard nothing. He lets mark get knocked, as the crowd chant “kill him! Kill him! Kill him! Kill him!’’2. Mark even witnesses when the tsotsis killed a man “the fatally wounded man turned his head in the directions of the shacks, as he pleaded for them to let him in, there was a glint of death in his eyes. I can never forget the look on his face for as long as I live”2. With all that suffering Mark’s mother still convinced that her son will go to school. Third aspect of apartheid in South Africa that Mathabane demonstrates is education.in 1953 as the apartheid continued the Bantu education act was passed1. Which was that one of the worst acts under the apartheid.it brought more radical changes as they made schools for blacks only. For black schools they were being though technical skills that would benefit there communities. Unlike white schools which were free, and well built. Schools for the Bantu were expensive. In 1958 H.F Verwoerd the minister transformed the apartheid system and called it the “separate development” believed that “previous policies had misled the Africans by showing them the green pastures of the European society in which they aren’t allowed to glaze”1.Schools and all other public institutions were separated. Mark decides to go to school and his mother is determined that he will be successful. Mark was always being whipped because he can’t afford to pay for the payment.2he would be discipline for things like “having long nails ,uncombed hair, lacks of primers failing to dictation, failure to pay school fees on time and bully boy image”2.mark overcomes all of those obstacles, and finishes the top of his class and gets himself a scholarship to continue school. As he goes onto high school with a help of his grandma, Mark learns English from the books she got him and starts to love tennis. When he joins the high school team tennis team, and meets the owner of the tennis ranch and he starts to play there. He becomes comfortable with the white people in the tennis ranch. Stan smith sponsor him and with his leadership. This time the South Africa Gov. was under huge pressure to stop the apartheid policy As the apartheid was coming to an end .The government that resisted the black South Africans to series of small Bantustans in relatively finally accepted the African involvement in the political involvement and the economy.3 “In 1996 the new constitution was approved, it was to make south Africa a multicultural state”3. Kaffir boy is a great example of the apartheid and the struggles they faced. It shows the lack of equality and education in South Africa, it shows the suffering they faced because they are different.
The earliest system of segregation can be found, interestingly enough, not in the South but in the North. This system, “with the backing of legal and extra-legal codes…permeated all aspects of Negro life in the free states by 1860” (Woodward 18). In the North, blacks were separated from whites in nearly every social aspect of their lives: they sat apart from whites in theatres and concert halls, they were often completely excluded from hotels, restaurants, and resorts (unless they entered as workers), worshipped in all black pews or even sometimes in completely black churches. If they intended to receive Communion with the whites, they were forced to wait until the whites had completed the sacrament. They were even buried in separate cemeteries (18-19). It is also interesting, as Woodward notes, that those who opposed the northern system were usually unable to make any headw...
Labor and Legality by Ruth Gomberg-Munoz is an intense ethnography about the Lions, undocumented immigrants working in a Chicago restaurant as busboys. The ten undocumented men focused on in Gomberg-Munoz’s are from Leon, Mexico. Since they are from Leon, they are nicknamed the Lions in English. She describes why they are here. This includes explaining how they are here to make a better future for their family, if not only financially, but every other way possible. Also, Gomberg-Munoz focuses on how Americans see “illegal aliens”, and how the Lions generate social strategies, become financially stable, stay mentally healthy, and keep their self-esteem or even make it better. Gomberg-Munoz includes a little bit of history and background on “illegal”
While obtaining food seemed to be the entire purpose of life for the people imprisoned in the camps, it often killed more people than it saved. Though focusing on food seemed like a logical thing to do when you are being starved, it was not always very effective in helping people survive. There are many situations in the book illustrating how living for the sole purpose of acquiring food—under any condition—could turn out to be lethal.
In an article written by a Senior student they discuss a monumental moment in Mexican American history concerning equality in the South. The student’s paper revolves around the Pete Hernandez V. Texas case in which Hernandez receives a life in prison sentence by an all white jury. The essay further discusses how Mexican Americans are technically “white” americans because they do not fall into the Indian (Native American), or black categories and because of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848. The student’s paper proceeds to discuss the goals connecting the Hernandez V. Texas case which was to secure Mexican American’s right within the fourteenth amendment [1].
“ Sirens blared, voices screamed and shouted, wood cracked and windows shattered, children bawled, dogs barked and footsteps pounded”(7). This scene is from the autobiography Kaffir Boy written by Mark Mathabane. That is one of the scenes he had to live through every morning in apartheid South Africa. Apartheid is a policy of segregation and economic discrimination against non-whites. Apartheid system affected every black person living in South Africa during that time. It forced blacks to become slaves in their own country. The system forced blacks to live in unsanitary environments, work-degrading jobs and carry passes, and receive limited education. Blacks and whites were living in different sections during apartheid.
Los Angeles was the place to find work if laboring was all you knew. Not speaking a word of English, but able to labor in the fields of California's various crops, Mexican immigrants flocked to Los Angeles. Los Angeles quickly became a Mecca for Mexicans wishing to partake of the American dream establishing themselves and creating families. The American dream, however, became just a dream as harsh unequal assessments by white Americans placed Mexican-Americans at the bottom of the social, economic, and political ladders. Whites believed that Mexican immigrants and Mexican-Americans had no place in their society: a place shared by many minorities (Del Castillo 7). Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans in Los Angeles were at a great disadvantage despite their great numbers. No representation existed for the minorities.
“Who was the most racist in that situation? Was it the white man who was too terrified to confront his black neighbors on their rudeness? Was it the black folks who abandoned their mattress on their curb? … Or was it all of us, black and white, passively revealing that, despite our surface friendliness, we didn’t really care about one another?” He never blames the black neighbors for their disregard of the mattress because their black, but sounds aware of the stereotyping and how he comes off addressing it. He also knows how much he stands out in the community as a minority, wondering what the cops would say to him, “ ‘Buddy,’ the cops would say. ‘You don’t fit the profile of the neighborhood.” Despite his pride in his actions of disposing of the mattress, the mistreatment by his black neighbors comes off as an unfortunate, but expected, consequence, “I knew the entire block would shun me. I felt pale and lost, like an American explorer in the
Similar to Adnan and Zitkala-Sa, Rivera writes of discrimination towards a specific group of people, however, Rivera writes of direct discrimination for no apparent reason. The discrimination can not be justified because of a fight for land in the case of the Palestinian-Christian and Native American-American cause, instead, the hate is caused solely off of the difference in skin color. The main character is picked on and socially excluded at school due to his Hispanic heritage. There is a specific boy who often makes him feel mad and embarrassed. Rivera describes an encounter with this boy, ““Hey, Mex… I don't like Mexicans because they steal. You hear me?” “Yes” “I don't like Mexicans. You hear, Mex?”” (Rivera, 93-94). Besides the obvious racism, the boy is badgering the main character—trying to get under his skin. The boy stereotypes the main character based off of the main character’s skin color and accordingly acts in a hateful manor. Sadly, many Americans stereotype minorities without personally getting to know the individual. Based off of the main character’s Mexican heritage, the American boy assumes that he steals. However, this sort of racism towards other races on American land is rooted in an even deeper hate, the hate of the Native
Kevin Beck presented some information to us about day labors in New York. The part that stood out was that the community around the designated labor site was perceived to be an area where there was an excess of crime even though there had been no real record of such an event. This claim of crime contributed to the shutdown of the only legal means that unauthorized immigrants had to obtain work within the city (Beck). A similar situation happened in Manassas, Virginia where the exclusionary ordinance that was passed in city council was based purely on anecdotal evidence that there was a rise in crime caused by the “illegal immigrants”. When the facts were examined, there was actually a consistent yearly drop in crime in the city (Eric Byler,
...d or were members of the organization. By the 1870’s many of the state governments that had been set up by Republicans using the loose coalition of black southerners, carpet baggers, and scalawags had been reverted back and put in the hands of white supremacists and the old elite, seeking revenge. This came in the form of segregation, the denial of land and jobs to blacks, as well as poll taxes and literacy tests to prevent blacks from voting. In the end, Reconstruction held such promise for a truly equal south, but the actions taken by President Johnson and the eventual lack of northern support left the fledgling Reconstruction governments to fend for themselves in a sea of hostile extremists and angered southerners. This failure is the direct cause of the race issues such as segregation and profiling, which still arise even today in the 21st century.
Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg was born on June 5th, 1971 in Dorchester Boston in the poor class part of town. Born into a large family, he was the youngest of nine children. With such a big family, and only a low income to support them, the Wahlberg’s spent their childhood growing up in a tiny three bedroom apartment, all having very little privacy. Mark’s mother Alma was a bank clerk and nurse’s aide, while his father Donald was a delivery man. Unfortunately, when Mark was only eleven his parents divorced. By the time Mark was fourteen, he had dropped out of highschool and began to pursue a life of crime and drugs .“Not only was he doing drugs, but also dealing them. He’d spent his days scamming and stealing, working on the odd drug deal before treating himself to the substances.” (Peterson 1) Once Mark was fifteen he forced a group of African American children on a terrifying journey by throwing rocks at them, while yelling ethnic slurs. This did cause the children injury. When Mark was sixteen,he got drunk on PCP, and robbed a Pharmacy. In this process, with his fists, he hammered a Vietnamese man unconscious, and left another Vietnamese man with a horrid black eye and also struck a security guard. For these barbaric crimes, Mark was ch...
Segregation actually started in the north, but when it moved into the south, it became
As long as civilizations have been around, there has always been a group of oppressed people; today the crucial problem facing America happens to be the discrimination and oppression of Mexican immigrants. “Mexican Americans constitute the oldest Hispanic-origin population in the United States.”(57 Falcon) Today the population of Mexican’s in the United States is said to be about 10.9%, that’s about 34 million people according to the US Census Bureau in 2012. With this many people in the United States being of Mexican descent or origin, one would think that discrimination wouldn’t be a problem, however though the issue of Mexican immigrant oppression and discrimination has never been a more prevalent problem in the United States before now. As the need for resolve grows stronger with each movement and march, the examination of why these people are being discriminated against and oppressed becomes more crucial and important. Oppression and Anti-discrimination organizations such as the Freedom Socialist Organization believe that the problem of discrimination began when America conquered Mexican l...
Every person in the world at some point struggles to find their sense of belonging and identity. In Mark Mathabane’s Kaffir Boy: The True Story of a Black Youth’s Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa, Mark Mathabane strives to grasp his individual identity. Under the Apartheid regime in South Africa, Mark Mathabane is born into extreme poverty in the township of Alexandra. Mark’s childhood is filled with hunger, brutal violence, and abuse. However through seeking an education and perseverance Mark is able to try to find who he is and his place in the world. Although Mark has already been identification by the logic of Apartheid, He creates his own identity by using his childhood lessons, his family’s teachings, his religious status, and his intellect.
Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathabane is a true story of a young boy growing up in South Africa during apartheid. Born into a poverty stricken family throughout Marks childhood he experiences police brutality, suffers hunger, and learns to hate and be afraid of whites. Mark grew up in the segregated old neighborhood of Alexandria, which was a slum right outside of the city. From an early age Mark experience violent raids of Alexandria by the Peri-Urban in which his mother and father must leave him alone to protect himself and his siblings while they go and hide. His parents always have to hide from the police because there passbooks are not in order and they have no money to bribe the police so then they would be put in jail. Papa, Marks father is often taken to jail for not having his passbook in order and constantly being laid of from work leaving his family alone and hungry. Mark’s family is constantly moving due to eviction and trying to escape the police, while there family is growing is size as Momma is constantly pregnant. Although his Papa forbids it Mamma secretly has all the children baptized and converted to Christianity in hopes to help he find work and bring the family money. As Papa begins to be arrested more frequently Mark comes to the realization that his passbook will never be in order and this is the life of a black man in South Africa. Mark and his family again relocate but this time it is to his Granny’s house who is also living in Alexandria. Mama and Mark go daily to get his birth certificate and paper work figured out so that Mark can start to attend school even though he is not fond of the idea of going to school.