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Gender roles in Literature
Gender roles in Literature
Essay on sexual abuse and exploitation
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The concepts of honour and loyalty seem intrinsically linked, packaged together under the overarching category of general chivalry. However, a closer look through the lens of Jeffrey Eugenides’ novel The Virgin Suicides reveals this to be a misconception. One can exist without the other; in fact, none of the Lisbon girls’ peers display both. While the neighbourhood boys may be loyal, they are not honourable. Furthermore, Trip Fontaine, who stands apart from the collective conscience of the other boys, can be considered the opposite. By examining this juxtaposition of vastly different approaches to interacting with the Lisbon girls, the falsity of both methods can be revealed. This, observed in conjunction with humanistic psychological theory, …show more content…
In fact, this infatuation continues even as they grow up, get married and approach middle age since, to them, “no other women can ever measure up to the ideal of the Lisbon girls” (Kirby). They admit that the girls are still in their collective mind, and that the memories make them “... happier with dreams than wives” (Eugenides 126). Analysis of this relationship is also featured in much of the scholarly writing on Eugenides’ novel, and it has been argued that the boys relationship is an obsessive one, that “...despite the fact that they appear to be collectors of the girls' possessions, it is actually the collection of mementos that possess them” (Kostova 49). However, no matter how deep or loyal their attraction is, it is clear the girls are the object of their sexual desire. They demonstrate this numerous times, including when they describe Lux as a succubus, when they respond to girls making contact after many months of isolation by playing love songs, and when Peter Sissen considers stealing a used tampon from the garbage to show to the other boys. Even at their noblest moment, when they go to rescue the girls, one boy ruins the chivalrous act by commenting “These girls make me crazy. If I could just feel one of them up just once,” (Eugenides 159). He doesn’t even distinguish which girl, because he doesn’t view them as individuals. In her paper, Kostova goes as far as to say “the many [narrators] …show more content…
Firstly, there is the fact that he, rather than viewing the sisters as many parts of one whole, focuses only on Lux. This is unlike the neighbourhood boys. Additionally, while he lacks the loyalty the boys possess, he is bound to his own set of morals to which he does conform. To use a colloquialism, he follows the “bro code”. The neighbourhood boys comment on this, saying “Trip Fontaine possessed the discretion of the world's great lovers...” due to the fact that he did not tell others about his sexual escapades (Eugenides 54). Even 25 years after the fact, when asked about the women he seduced, he avoids giving out details and this, although his conduct completely lacks fidelity, is a commendable thing. Likewise, he approaches Lux without pretext which is much more honest than the way the narrators behave. When Lux goes to homecoming with Trip, she and the other girls get the chance to “experience their new social freedom” but, unfortunately, things end badly for Lux (Szymanski 41). Trip promptly discards her, and moves on. He later remarks to the narrators "It's weird. I mean, I liked her. I really liked her. I just got sick of her right then.” (Eugenides
In City of Dreadful Delight, Judith Walkowitz effortlessly weaves tales of sexual danger and more significantly, stories of the overt tension between the classes, during the months when Jack the Ripper, the serial murderer who brutally killed five women, all of them prostitutes, terrorized the city. The book tells the story of western male chauvinism that was prevalent in Victorian London not from the point of view not of the gazer, but rather of the object. Walkowitz argues that the press coverage of the murders served to construct a discourse of heterosexuality in which women were seen as passive victims and sexuality was associated with male violence. Much of City of Dreadful Delight explores the cultural construction and reconstruction of class and sexuality that preceded the Ripper murders. Walkowitz successfully investigates the discourses that took place after the fact and prior social frameworks that made the Ripper-inspired male violence and female passivity model possible and popular.
Esperanza tries to be a good friend to Sally, but ends up appearing immature and silly. Esperanza feels shame, as she “wanted to be dead”, to “turn into the rain”, and have “my eyes melt into the ground like black snails” (Cisneros 97). With sensory-rich imagery, the author uses similes and metaphors to describe Esperanza’s feelings of utter mortification as she embarrasses herself in front of Sally. Esperanza becomes confused about her newfound sexuality and her loss of innocence when she begins acting strangely, yet awkwardly around boys. She doesn’t know whether to act like a child or an adult because although she wants to be mature and glamorous like Sally, and she gets exposed to the harsh nature of society. The disillusioned view of becoming mature and having boys notice her is especially realized by Esperanza when she gets raped at a carnival. Through detailed imagery, Cisneros describes the dirtiness of the boy, elaborating on “his dirty fingernails against my skin” and “his sour smell again” (Cisneros 100) and the confusion and anger from Esperanza. After this experience, Esperanza blames Sally instead for covering up the truth about boys and is heartbroken about the real truth of sexuality and men. It is clear that Esperanza vividly remembers this awful experience, and just reflecting on this experience causes her thoughts to
"They turn casually to look at you, distracted, and get a mild distracted surprise, you're gone. Their blank look tells you that the girl they were fucking is not there anymore. You seem to have disappeared.(pg.263)" In Minot's story Lust you are play by play given the sequential events of a fifteen year old girls sex life. As portrayed by her thoughts after sex in this passage the girl is overly casual about the act of sex and years ahead of her time in her awareness of her actions. Minot's unique way of revealing to the reader the wild excursions done by this young promiscuous adolescent proves that she devalues the sacred act of sex. Furthermore, the manner in which the author illustrates to the reader these acts symbolizes the likeness of a list. Whether it's a list of things to do on the weekend or perhaps items of groceries which need to be picked up, her lust for each one of the boys in the story is about as well thought out and meaningful as each item which has carelessly and spontaneously been thrown on to a sheet of paper as is done in making a list. This symbolistic writing style is used to show how meaningless these relationships were but the deeper meaning of why she acted the way she did is revealed throughout the story. Minot cleverly displayed these catalysts in between the listings of her relationships.
Secondly, the viewpoint of the victim illustrates the perceived despair and loneliness caused by the purposeful miscommunication between men and women. Lastly, when looking through the imagined perspective of the thoughtless male tricksters, the reader is shown the heartlessness of men. After this reader’s final consideration, the main theme in each of the presented poems is that both authors saw women as victims of a male-dominated society. Works Cited:..
Initially, Rios illustrates a young boy perplexed by a new-found maturity. As the maturation from childhood to adolescence begins, he is facing unfamiliar feelings about the opposite sex. An example of this is apparent as Rios explains that the boy cannot talk to girls anymore; at least “not the same way we used to” (Rios 453). Since his emotions have new depth and maturity, the young boy realizes the nature of his friendships has changed. Innocence is further lost as the girls who are former friends, “weren’t the same girls we used to know” (453). The boy has matured from his casual, youthful interactions, and is now seeing the girls in a new light. Another example of his maturity manifests sexually as he reflects about the girls, “and all the things we wanted to do with them” (454). Although he is unsure how to act upon his thoughts, the innocence is none the less tainted by his desires for mature relations with the young girls. The maturity and sexual maturity bring forth a storm of emotions that prove to be both exhilarating and confusing for the young boy.
Imagine yourself, dear reader, transported to Shakespearian Verona, a bustling, peaceful city (aside from the occasional death or two), with its obligatory social classes going about agreeably (aside from the occasional brawl or two), and all people happy and successful (aside from the occasional poor wretch or two). The Verona in which Shakespeare’s tragedy Romeo and Juliet takes place in is made sinister by the deadly consequences than ensue from its strict, unbending society. Romeo and Juliet paints a tale about two young lovers, Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, whose attempts to be together are cruelly thwarted by society. Society’s fixation on honor and disgrace, poverty-creating laws, and austere social roles all have crucial functions in causing the deaths of Romeo and Juliet.
She tells the girl to “walk like a lady” (320), “hem a dress when you see the hem coming down”, and “behave in front of boys you don’t know very well” (321), so as not to “become the slut you are so bent on becoming” (320). The repetition of the word “slut” and the multitude of rules that must be obeyed so as not to be perceived as such, indicates that the suppression of sexual desire is a particularly important aspect of being a proper woman in a patriarchal society. The young girl in this poem must deny her sexual desires, a quality intrinsic to human nature, or she will be reprimanded for being a loose woman. These restrictions do not allow her to experience the freedom that her male counterparts
“Each day he made her sit out on the balcony, so that passersby would be sure to see that he has married into high society” (Ferré 485). This exemplifies how men not only use women for their wealth, but for their beauty as well. The doctor's son put his wife on the balcony to show off, to boast about, to bring light to his extravagant way of living. “As the years passed, the doctor became a millionaire” (Ferré 486). His love was artificial and was only existent because of the money coming from his new patient, his wife’s aunt, and the porcelain physique of his new bride. Ferré believed that men only attached themselves to women with the intention of using them for what they had, whether that be money, beauty, or sex. Men can’t be trusted, and Ferré uses the women in the story to not only bring light to men's manipulation, but to also bring light to how oblivious women can be. In no point in “The Youngest Doll” did either of the women realize the ways in which they were being used. It can be seen as a lesson, coming from Ferré, to the women of the world, to not let the emotions, the “love goggles” effect the process of understanding the toxicity of a relationship. “The youngest went on sitting in her rocking chair on the balcony, motionless in her muslin and lace, and always with lowered eyelids” (Ferre 486). The niece became nothing more than a doll put on display. She was not an individual, she was an
The basis of Shakespeare’s plays appears to focus mainly around the dominant male character and his conflicts, which tend to deal with a woman. There are only three women in the play Othello; Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca. The way in which these women behave and present themselves strongly reflects the ideological expectations of women within Shakespeare’s imagined Venetian society as well as the Elizabethan society in which he lived. This patriarchal Venetian society presented in the play depicts women as possessions of men who should remain submissive and meek at all times. The women are expected to unselfishly and unreservedly devote their lives to serve their fathers until they are of age to do so, their husbands. All three women love their respective partners; however, all three are also rejected by them because they each devote more to their men than their men are capable of returning. Desdemona and Emilia display genuine emotions toward each other that are not reflected in any of the male to male associations.
With each analysis the reader gets a greater understanding of suicide and the mental state of those who commit it, as well as some of their motives. One could read only a single chapter of this book and gain a greater understanding than they previously had on the topic of suicide, but when one brings all the chapters together as a whole a much deeper understanding is obtained. Lester’s analyses start with diaries, using that of a girl he has called Katie as his first example. In this 14 page chapter he analyses her diary, not only comparing her to Ophelia from William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, but using that comparison to show some of her motives and to make sense of them. It is this astute analysis that sets the tone for the rest of the similar chapters, in a way that is not boring but is not lighthearted in the slightest. The way that the whole book works together to give one insight on the topic of suicide makes it a useful resource for those who wish to understand it in a more in-depth way.
After reading “The Doll House” and “Trifles”, the idea of females being inferior to men is portrayed. Both plays, are in a much older time period. But from a feminist view, females are still sometimes given the doubtful role in today’s society. Both plays, are very different, but much alike in the ways the females are treated, never taken seriously, nor are they appreciated.
Montagu's “Epistle from Mrs. Yonge to her Husband” opens the discourse upon repressed female sexuality with a very plain statement that “Too, too severely laws of honour bind / The weak submissive sex of womankind” (Montagu ll. 9-10). The speaker describes women as weak and submissive, using the very concepts society uses to maintain the binds upon women to reinforce the truth of the statement. The speaker is clear that honour is the tool used to maintain the oppression, as society self-monitors and moderates individuals. In Wycherly's The Country Wife honour is also to blame for controlling women's sexuality. Horner observes that women of honour “are only chary of their reputations, not their persons, and 'tis scandal they would avoid, not men” (Wycherly 183). This reinforces the representation of honour as binding and controlling women's behaviour. Further, it introduces the concept of female sexual desire, in suggesting that women ultimately avoid affairs due to the societal repercussions.
The Shakespearean classic work Othello enchants the readers mind through the tragic love story of the witty and cunning soldier Othello and the charming and powerful Desdemona. The continuous reinforcement of their tragedy is molded by the gender roles present in the play, particularly those of Bianca, Desdemona, and Emilia. Although the men are important within the outcome of the play, mainly Iago and Othello, the women take a more subtle, yet effective approach in manipulating the work through their personalities. Bianca is a woman of self-esteem and sexual power while Desdemona is the keeper of Othello’s heart and handkerchief, never once denouncing him, even her death. Emilia subtly represents that women are just as powerful, if not more,
In the plays female sexuality is not expressed variously through courtship, pregnancy, childbearing, and remarriage, as it is in the period. Instead it is narrowly defined and contained by the conventions of Petrarchan love and cuckoldry. The first idealizes women as a catalyst to male virtue, insisting on their absolute purity. The second fears and mistrusts them for their (usually fantasized) infidelity, an infidelity that requires their actual or temporary elimination from the world of men, which then re-forms [sic] itself around the certainty of men’s shared victimization (Neely 127).
The short story Girl written by Jamaica Kincaid is a mother’s compilation of advice, skills, and life experience to her daughter. The mother believes that her offer of practical and helpful guidance will assist her daughter in becoming a proper woman, and gaining a fulfilling life and respectable status in the community. Posed against the mother’s sincere concern for her daughter’s future is Sir Walter’s superficial affection to his daughters in the novel Persuasion written by Jane Austen. Due to his detailed attention for appearance and social rank, Sir Walter has been negligent to his daughters’ interests and fails to fulfill his responsibility as a father. Throughout both literary works, the use of language and tone towards persuasive endeavors reveals the difference in family dynamics and the success of persuasion on the character’s transformation.