Jurassic Park
The girl shrieks as the giant tree trunk of a leg crashes down shaking
the earth. Her screams are then drowned out by the prehistoric roar of
the genetically engineered Tyrannosaurus Rex as it searches for prey
(Crichton,
1991). Everyone remembers this scene from the best-selling novel by
Michael
Crichton, Jurassic Park. These scenes were then brought to life by
producer/director Steven Spielberg in the immensely popular movie by
the same name. Is this possible? As technological advances in
molecular biology steam into the twenty-first century, many scientists
have found themselves asking this very question. With continuing
advancements in the methods of recombining DNA (Deoxyribonucleic
Acid), as well as the ability to read its genetic language, people
have started wandering just how science fiction these ideas really
are.
There has been some limited success. DNA has been extracted and
processed from some extinct organisms. Single-celled organisms have
even been "awakened" from a long endosporic state, that do not exist
in the same form in present times. The recent cloning of the sheep
"Dolly" at the Rosalin Institute in
Scotland has served as a wake up call to many as to the abilities
modern biotechnology possesses (Currie and Psihoyos, 1996). Assuming
one had all the necessary means, would it be possible to create an
extinct organism with all the traits it once held? The answer seems to
be yes. The feasibility of such a thing does not seem too far-fetched
when one considers the rate at which science continues to break down
barriers in all fields of study. So one final question brought before
r...
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...llions of little kids around the world. Conclusion
Cloning ancient life forms like in the movie and book, Jurassic Park
is a sequence of "long shot" chances. The path from finding and
sequencing suitable DNA, as well as providing a host for growth and a
suitable environment for it to function is beset with many obstacles.
Maybe after decades of extensive research in each of these areas, such
a project as recreating a dinosaur may be attempted, but most
scientists agree that their"extinction is permanent" (Paabo, 1993).
Thus, cloning dinosaurs or any ancient organism, remains a frontier of
the future. However, as David Grimaldi writes, "While it is a long way
from amplifying a bit of DNA to reconstruct a whole dinosaur - or even
a termite - these new developments open up many exciting scientific
possibilities" (1993).
In the late twentieth century, the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering has positioned itself to become one of the great technological revolutions of human history. Yet, things changed when Herber Boyer, a biochemist at the University of California, founded the company Genentech in 1976 to exploit the commercial potential of his research. Since then the field has exploded into a global amalgam of private research firms developing frivolous, profit-hungry products, such as square trees tailor-made for lumber, without any sort of government regulation.
Humans have driven many animals extinct, but should we bring them back is the question. Geneticists, biologists, conservationists and ethicists gathered to discuss the controversies. Some people say in doing this we are playing God, while others say we did by killing them. Other scientist say that it may be beneficial because it will add biodiversity, and medicinal properties back to the ecosystem. It is only possible to bring species back from around 10 thousand years ago. Recently scientists have vastly improved the cloning process. We can now coax adult animal cells into any type of cell, including eggs and sperm, then manipulating them into full-fledged embryos, which has led to the ideas and developments of reviving many other species including mammoths, frogs and
“They’re breeding.”(Crichton 164). Ian Malcolm had predicted that the dinosaurs of Jurassic Park were, in fact, breeding. This was discovered to be true later on in the book, when the numbers of dinosaurs were exceeding the expected count. The use of frog DNA to restore missing portions of dinosaur DNA was the underlying cause. It gave them the ability to reproduce by switching gender. Malcolm had said, “But life finds a way”(Crichton 160), early on in the trip to Jurassic Park, and as he had said, life truly did find a way. The very process of making certain that the dinosaurs were all female, thus unable to reproduce, through first, genetically engineering them to be female, and then irradiating them may have been the very reason why they did in fact reproduce. Any miniscule change, possibly caused by the irradiation, could have caused a metamorphosis. Or it may have been...
Today, we as a society world wide have a new issue to deal with. Science has discovered the means in which to clone animals, opening a whole new discussion. Many people are inclined to say why would science even wish to peruse this method of research. Lewis Thomas says in his essay "The Hazards of Science"
Jurassic park is a novel presented about a group of scientists who visited an island and they were able to gather leftovers of DNA from an insect that was well kept in amber. The fossil DNA was “cloned” into selected amphibian DNA, and presto, replicated fossils were rejuvenated out of destruction on the island. Jurassic Park was printed in 1990, amid the passion of the information period when apparently the entire world was rapidly concerned with mechanizing. Corporations and entities wanted to mechanize their lives and jobs, although occasionally on a considerably smaller scale than that of Hammond's Park. This happened just a decade before the foretold ‘Turn of the Millennium’ super-computermal function that had computer mechanics and Information Technology specialists across the sphere revitalizing for disaster.
Steven Spielberg’s Jaws (1975) and his other film Jurassic Park (1993) both contain a major theme of what makes a successful hero in society. In Jaws, police chief Martin Brody must successfully eliminate the threat of a Great White Shark from attacking Amity Island. In Jurassic Park, billionaire John Hammond creates a theme park where cloned dinosaurs come alive, hoping that his ideal resort becomes a major success. Through the use of film style elements, such as editing and mise-en scene, Spielberg develops Brody’s character as a person who must learn from his past mistakes in order to become a successful hero while Spielberg creates Hammond’s character as a man who only sees himself as a hero of science and technology without realizing his attempted control over nature is what leads him to his ultimate failure.
The Question of Control as Presented in Jurassic Park According to Arnold Pacey How could one describe the relationship between humans and nature? Perhaps it is one of control, a constant struggle between the power of the elements and the sophistication of human mechanization. Could it be one of symbiosis, where man and nature coexist in relative peace? Are we, as a species, simply a part of nature’s constantly changing realm? This issue is one that philosophers have debated for centuries. Where does mankind fit into the vast network of interacting environments and beings called nature? From the beginning of time, we have attempted to set ourselves apart from the rest of Earth’s creatures. Given the ability to reason, and to feel, and most importantly, to choose, we find ourselves with "the impulse to master and manipulate elemental force" (Pacey 86). We must fight, we must advance, and we must control all these elements of the natural world. But just how much of that world do we control? Surely people attempt and perceive control over nature, but do they succeed? The question of control, over nature in specific, is one of the prevalent themes that runs through Michael Crichton’s Jurassic Park. This novel is set on a small island off the coast of Costa Rica called Isla Nubar. On this island, construction of a new, virtuostic, state of the art park is almost complete, when a gathered team of paleontologists, businessmen, and a mathematician arrive to approve of the park opening. All seems well until the "experts" lose control of the park, leaving the main attractions, genetically engineered dinosaurs, free to roam and hunt. This loss of control further contributes to the downward spiral the park experiences, resulting in numerous deaths. How, one might ask, could a team of technicians and experts let something like this happen? The answer is simple. They over-estimated their perceived sense of control over one of the world’s most unpredictable forces… nature. The theme of man’s perceived control over nature is one that Crichton has masterfully incorporated into his novel. The actions of the park experts present to the reader the false idea "that the proper role of man is mastery over nature" (Pacey 65). Mankind has always attempted to achieve this mastery, and the construction of Jurassic Park is a perfect example. Crichton uses the character of Ian Malcolm to constantly present this theme.
The history of the human race follows a plot detailing the struggles and triumphs of various individuals with the concepts of power and control. In George Orwell’s novel, Animal Farm, these elaborate concepts are further explored through various characters such as the shire boar, Napoleon. Napoleon’s ability to exercise control over the animals derives from his capability to indoctrinate them with his partial ideologies. Napoleon then further clasps his power by his avail of expert power throughout the novel. Finally, the excessive and abusive use of coercive power, secures Napoleon’s control over the animals. In George Orwell’s Animal Farm Napoleon assumes the reins of power over the animals and controls them by means of physiological manipulations.
In 1993, Universal Studios released an epic movie known as Jurassic Park. Based on the novel by Michael Crichton, Steven Spielberg and his incredible cast took the viewers on an adventure that brought dinosaurs back from the dead and set the bar for how people would expect special effects in a movie should be. The movie was critically acclaimed and won many awards for special effects and sound. Jurassic Park is one of the greatest movies of all time because it brought dinosaurs to life on screen in a way that had never been attempted before plus leading edge audio/video special effects turned the world on its head with their stunning realism and lifelike sound.
Jurassic Park is a book about the cloning of dinosaurs and they are used as the park entertainment on an island. In this park where dinosaurs are the attraction, not every thing will go as planed. Reading this book will teach someone how Michael Crichton feels about biological science and the cloning of extinct animals. There are things that caused the park to be unsuccessful. Dr. Malcom and Dennis Nedry where two of the parks problems, and the other was the nature of the animals.
Michael Crichton’s classic novel Jurassic Park sparked controversy among scientists, excited science-fiction fans, and captivated paleontologists as Chrichton proposed the idea that dinosaurs could be cloned. The plot elicited criticism from scientists around the world, but support from others. Cloning a dinosaur was made possible in the fictional text: take some amber, fill in missing DNA, obtain an ostrich egg, keep the egg in a controlled environment, then a dinosaur is born. Unfortunately, each of the steps are of intricate design.
Jurassic Park, by Michael Crichton is an incredible book, which describes genetic engineering and the creation of an extinct species. Michael Crichton uses marvelous detail throughout the book. As great as the book is, it is not that appropriate for children who are 15 and under because of the gore, description, violence, and obscenities through out the story.
The Matrix The Matrix is a science fiction movie about artificial intelligence computers replacing mankind. I believe that this movie is a common type of display from the media that is common paranoia so that they can get a reaction from people and sell their story. In the case of The Matrix, the movie dazzles people with awesome special effects using modern computer technology, which I find ironic. I find it self-conflicting and hypocritical for the media to use modern computer technology for their own good to show people how bad technology is.
Modern-day genetic technology has granted mankind with the opportunity to bring back extinct species from the dead. If humans have come to possess the DNA from an extinct animal population, it is possible to create an identical clone of the animal in question, effectively “bringing it back from the dead”. Many ethical dilemmas surround the practice of de-extinction, and rightfully so. Recreating an extinct species could produce groundbreaking scientific breakthroughs, generating exciting opportunities for future genetics-based research. However, there could also be monumental consequences: the newly revived, once-extinct species might destroy the ecological equilibrium of modern Earth
Few movies have been panned by critics but widely accepted by viewers across the nation. National Treasure is one of them. Even after receiving sub par reviews including only two stars from Roger Ebert, National Treasure won over the public, earning almost $350 million worldwide. Even though the movie is under the Walt Disney Company and has a PG rating, this movie is not just for children. Superb acting and action from beginning to end will keep people of all ages glued to their seat as they follow one man’s quest for a hidden treasure.