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Strengths and weaknesses of Sigmund Freud’s theory
Strengths and weaknesses of Sigmund Freud’s theory
Strengths and weaknesses of Sigmund Freud’s theory
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Sigmund Freud introduces some powerful ideas in his book Civilization and Its Discontents. Many of his ideas and theories are evident in the life of John Wade in The Lake of the Woods. In my opinion, one can apply Freud’s theories to accurately analyze John Wade in three main ways: Freud’s structural model of the psyche, his argument of suppression of aggression, and neurosis “as the outcome of a struggle between the interest of self preservation and the demands of the libido, a struggle which the ego had been victorious but at the price of sever sufferings and renunciations.” (Freud 104). All of which lead to unhappiness and discontent. Freud proposes that the primal instinct of humans is to act aggressively towards each other. In civilized society, we have restrained our inclination to aggression through law and authority. Repeatedly, in The Lake of the Woods, John Wade either acted aggressively …show more content…
I believe from Freud’s arguments of neurosis, that he would diagnose John Wade with this. Neurotic behavior can occur from traumatic events. The traumatic events in John Wade’s life include his emotionally abusive father, his father’s suicide, and the Vietnam War. Because of these events, according to Freud, he probably had many internal impulses that were improperly repressed by the ego, so he found substitutions. Wade became neurotic when his ego failed to deal with its desires through repression or displacement or renunciation of instinct. “...the neurotic creates substitutive satisfactions for himself in his symptoms, and these either cause him suffering in themselves overcome sources of suffering for him by raising difficulties in his relations with his environment and the society he belongs to.” (Freud 89). What was discussed in my point about suppression of aggression also applies here, and what I think in large part led to his development of
In the Lake of the Woods, written by Tim O’Brien is a book which deals with the struggle of John Wade to manage after a recently failed campaign for the United States Senate. After moving to Lake of the Woods, Minnesota, John discovers that his wife Kathy is missing. Through flashbacks of John’s childhood, Vietnam experiences, political career and the history of his relationship with Kathy the reader is introduced to various hypotheses of Kathy’s disappearance. The basis of In the Lake of the Woods is the burden of secrecy and the effects of truth; Mysteries are plentiful, including John’s obsession with magic as a young boy, the hiding of the Mai Lai massacre, the deceit of politics, and the central mystery of Kathy’s disappearance
In 2008, Last Child in the Woods was written by Richard Louv. In one section of the book, Louv develops an argument that states that technology has separated people, specifically those of the technological generation, from nature. In the passage from Last Child in the Woods, Louv uses anaphora, rhetorical questions, and appeals to ethos to develop his argument regarding the gap technology is forming between people and nature.
As mentioned earlier I would start my discussion with a very prominent emotion called Anger. Anger is defined as a person’s response to a threat or the perception of a threat against an individual or group. Anger is an emotion that is often difficult to control because of the intense physiological reactions involved in the fight or flight response that triggers anger. The fight response is a response triggered naturally by the body to protect itself against the instigating situation (Lazarus, 1991). In the novel The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald narrates two important incidents that stand as a fine example for expressing anger with violence i.e., 1) Tom hits Myrtle 2) Wilson kills Jay Gatsby.
Cormac McCarthy’s “Blood Meridian” does a marvelous job of highlighting the violent nature of mankind. The underlying cause of this violent nature can be analyzed from three perspectives, the first being where the occurrence of violence takes place, the second man’s need to be led and the way their leader leads them, and lastly whether violence is truly an innate and inherent characteristic in man.
People often have nicknames to describe details about themselves. Nicknames are not self-created but given to the person from friends or even comrades. In “Into The Lake Of The Woods” By Tim O' Brian, this is the case with John Wade, a former soldier that was nicknamed “Sorcerer”. John Wade is named Sorcerer because of use of magic in his youth and how the men is his squad would feel protected because of his magical powers. As Sorcerer is Wade's alter ego, it seems that it goes on to cost him dearly later in his life. Wade eventually ends up becoming governor of Minnesota and tries to run for U.S Senate. He loses in a landslide victory to his opponent as evidence of the My Lai incident is uncovered. His actions as Sorcerer start to make his life for the worse. It is seen later that Wade's wife, Kathy, is missing and Wade is soon suspected as he remains calm and not involved in the search party. O’Brien does not make it clear on how it Kathy's disappearance occurs but it is clear what happens. Sorcerer arrives again in John Wade as he pulls one final magic trick: to make Kathy disappear....forever.
Freud, Sigmund. 1953-74. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works. 24 vols, trans. James Stachey. London: Hogarth.
...so. But anyone who follows such precept in present-day civilization only puts himself at a disadvantage vis-à-vis the person who disregards it. What a potent obstacle to civilization aggressiveness must be, if the defense against it can cause as much unhappiness as aggressiveness itself!” (Freud, 146)
Bill Bryson the author of the short story ‘A Walk in the Woods’ constructs the story in a certain way to try to get the reader to accept his attitudes and values about how dangerous and death defying Earl V. Shaffer and other’s are in attempting to travel the trail. He uses the techniques of emotive language, unusual language and use of first hand accounts in the short story ‘A Walk in the Woods‘ . The use of descriptive and humorous language, combined with conversational text has allowed Bryson to express his feelings and opinions on his and others experiences on the Appalachian Trail to the audience.
In Sigmund Freud's observation, humans are mainly ambitious by sexual and aggressive instincts, and search for boundless enjoyment of all needs. However, the continuous pursuit of gratification driven by the identification, or unconscious, directly conflicts with our society as the uncontrolled happiness. Sigmund Freud believed that inherent sexual and aggressive power prevented from being expressed would cause our "society to be miserable and the forfeiture of contentment." Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic view of personality theory is based on the perception that greatly of human behavior is determi...
Freud believes that aggression is a primal instinct, and civilization thwarts this instinct, making man unhappy. Civilized society controls man's tendency toward aggression through rules and laws and the presence of authority. These mechanisms are put in place to guarantee safety and happiness for all individuals in a society. However, the necessity of suppressing the aggressive drive in m...
punishment is a way of threatening to destroy the ego. Sigmund Freud concluded that human
“Psychological - or more strictly speaking, psychoanalytic -investigation shows that the deepest essence of human nature, which are similar in all men and which aim at the satisfaction of certain needs... [are] self-preservation, aggression, need for love, and the impulse to attain pleasure and avoid pain...” At its simplest form, this quote perfectly explains Sigmund Freud’s theory on human nature. Human beings, according to Freud, are in a constant state of conflict within themselves; trying to satisfy their animalistic instincts, while also maintaining a socially appropriate life. Freud termed these animalistic tendencies that we have, the Id. The Id is essentially our unconscious mind, it is the part of us that has been there since the day we were born and is what drives our life’s needs and desires. The Id simply aims to satisfy our sexual or aggressive urges immediately, without taking into account any further implications. On the other hand, Freud used the term, the Superego, to describe man’s conscience and sense of morality. It is the Superego’s job to keep the Id in check by combatting the desire to satisfy urges with the feeling of guilt or anxiety. Finally, the Ego, is the conscious representation of the constant battle between the Superego and the Id. It must work to satisfy human’s instinctual tendencies while taking into account their conscience and doing what is rational and acceptable. Freud argues that these internal process that are constantly at work in our mind are what shape humans to do the things that they do. Thus, he believes, the goal of human nature is to satisfy our basic aggressive and sexual desires while adhering to cultural and social standards.
Long regarded as the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) lives on today as an incredibly influential and powerful figure in the applied discipline of psychology. For Freud, it was his intense study of dialogue and interplay of involuntary human communication that ultimately led to his conclusions concerning the human unconscious. In contemporary studies, these conclusions have evolved into many of the distinguished, and more importantly controversial theories we associate with his name: the Oedipus complex; castration anxiety; penis envy; repetition compulsion; repression; etc. Much of the contention surrounding Freud is grounded in the belief that his works instituted notions that cannot be proven scientifically, such as personality development in infantile stages; sexuality in unconscious desire; and the unconscious drives behind human mannerism. Yet, despite the fact that many of Freud’s theories have not withstood the test of scientific scrutiny, few can argue against the fact that Freudianism is still impactful and has permeated other branches of modern theory. To prove this point, we can bring to attention the names of two modern theorists that have not only built upon Freud’s ideas in their work, but have consequently expanded his influence into other realms of literature, and other spheres of study. Harold Bloom (1930 – present) and Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) are only two notable thinkers that extend Freud’s ideas and have gained far-reaching influence in intellectual life. In response to this revival however, new opponents of Freud have found the opportunity to retaliate with their concerns and arguments. Nevertheless, the presentation of human identity and unconscious by Freud’s opponents and successors c...
The field of psychology has opened different hypothesis from a variety of theories with the aim of studying the behaviour of humans being as a result they concluded with five psychological perspectives. Behaviourist, Biological, Psychodynamic, Cognitive and Humanistic perspectives are the deduction after a depth study of mental activity associate to human behaviour. In this essay I will be comparing two psychological perspectives according to aggressive behaviour.
SLT describes the occurrence of aggression being due to observation and imitation (modelling). When a person observes aggressive behaviour, it is likely they will model their behaviour based on their observation especially if there is direct reinforcement, being rewarded for aggressive behaviour. This could be in the form of achieving the desired outcome or gaining social approval from being aggressive. Additionally, this theory poses that if an individual sees another person being rewarded for aggressive behaviours they will be more likely to imitate this behaviour. This is presented as especially the case if high character identification is present for the observer, then aggression is more likely to be displayed/imitated (Bandura, 1961, 1969; Konijn, Bijvank, & Bushman, 2007; Turner & Berkowitz,