Italian Futurism was launched in 1909 when Filippo Marinetti, an Italian poet, published his manifesto Founding and Manifesto of Futurism in the French newspaper Le Figaro. Futurism celebrated modernity—the beauty of the machine, speed, technology, youth, violence, and war. In his manifesto, Marinetti declared an end to the art of the past and the beginning of the art of the future. The futurists had a passionate loathing of everything old, especially political and artistic tradition, and wanted to demonstrate the beauty of modern life. The futurists embraced World War I in hopes that it would rid Italian society of its decadence and catapult it into the present. Typography played a key role in the Futurist program. Marinetti rejected the traditional past of book design and called for a typographic revolution against “the idiotic and nauseating concepts of the outdated and conventional book.” According to Marinetti, the book should be an expression of Futurist ideas, and he directed a revolution against “the typographic harmony of the page, which is contrary to the flux and movement of style.” In May 1912 Marinetti published the Manifesto tecnico della letteratura Futurista, in which he declared the …show more content…
Avant-garde poet Guillaume Apollinaire’s contribution to graphic design was a collection of poems entitled Calligrammes published in 1918. Apollinaire’s poems consisted of letterforms that were arranged to form a visual design or figure. One of the most well-known poems in this collection, “il Pleut” (“it’s raining”), has a cascade of letters running down the page, evoking a feeling of rain. Fortunato Depero, another Futurist artist, published a compilation of his typographic experiments in Dinamo Azari in 1927, showing the use of different typefaces and text formed into various shapes. Depero’s work influenced America’s movement toward
In the years immediately after the First World War, a promising new era of democracy seemed to be unfolding. The autocratic regimes in Russia, Germany and Austria, were all overthrown and replaced by republics. The seven newly created states in Europe all adopted the republican form of government. Democracy seemed triumphant in the post-war world. Yet within two decades, many democratic countries in Europe were taken over by some kind of dictatorship. Italy became a fascist state.
Futurism was an Italian artistic movement that that began in 1909. It rejected the traditional forms of art that were confined to just the canvas and statutes of old. It celebrated and incorporated the energy and enthusiasm of modern technology: Filippo Marinetti created Futurism. In the launching of this movement, Marinetti took his understanding of space and time, but also commoditized the enhancement of them. This concept helped to shape modernism and the generalized concept of the future through art. He is an artist of many forms: Painting, music, plays, film, scenic design, and dance. Through these mediums, the Futuristic medium embraced industrialization and technical invention to go against Mussolini’s fascism at the time.
“Different from the feudal fragmentation of medieval times, Renaissance Europe was characterized by growing national consciousness and political centralization, an urban economy based on organized commerce and capitalism, and growing lay control of secular thought and culture"2
militaristic government" (Webster's). March 23, 1919 marked the ascension of the Fascist party in Italy. For many, young Benito Mussolini was a symbol of law and order in a time of political and social turmoil. Mussolini's "Fasci di Combattimento", the re-organization of his Fascia group, was accepted and admired by all, especially those Italians longing for the end of unemployment, inflation, and the fear of a communist revolution. In Italy, many members of the government, as well as a few aspects of society, gained from Fascism. However, despite those who gained, more Italians suffered as a result of Fascist government.
Filippo Marinetti was an Italian author and poet from the early 1900's to the mid-1920's. Marinetti was the founder of a style of art that started in about 1909 known as Futurism. Futurism is the product of the Cubist movement even though it didn't originally start out that way. Originally, there was no specific style to the Futurism movement and it took inspiration from a lot of other periods such as Symbolism and Post-Impressionism. Futurism became of on the more important stepping stones of 20th century art history. Artists such as Umberto Boccioni, Giacomo Balla, Gino Severini, and Carlo Carrà took Marinetti's ideas and turned it into art, exploring the concepts of space and movement. Marinetti founded the Futurism movement with the Futurist Manifesto in which he says "We want no part of it, the past...we the young and strong Futurists!" Marinetti hated the old forms of politics and art and that he wanted to embrace the future of new technology, travel, warfare, nationalism, & violence. The philosophy
Only thirty years after the Piedmontese army marched into Rome to unite Italy under one government, the country suddenly found itself on the brink of the twentieth century and a rapidly changing world. The twentieth century would mark the beginning of great changes throughout Europe, and Italy would not be left untouched. What set the stage for these changes, though, were the years just prior to, and directly after 1900.
The purpose of this Essay is to discuss an example of design from the late 1800s, I will relate it to the social, economic, technical and cultural context of that time. . I intend on delivering details of the artist and his life experiences as well as his style and possible interests. I will also evaluate the subject with my own opinion, likes and dislikes, with comparisons of work and artists from within that period up to the present date
Each and every individual country has its own ideologies, economies, and ways of governing. In the early 1900’s Italy had developed its own ideology that had a huge impact on the lives of the Italian people. This ideology was known as Fascism. Fascism was not only a way of governing, but it was also known as a social organization. Fascism became what it was in response to the movement of social theories. There is much more behind the idea of fascism such as where it came from, who the creator of Fascism was, and why it was popular among many civilians.
Throughout most of my childhood, I always gravitated towards my Italian heritage more than any other of my birthrights. My great grandparents came to Lawrence, Massachusetts from Naples, Italy in search of a better life. They found it here in America by working in the factories and mills. Sadly, I only knew my great grandparents for a brief period of time before they all passed away. I thank them and her generation for taking us here, to the United States of America.
The Italian Renaissance was one of the most colorful, vital, and exciting times in history. Renaissance eventually comes from the French word "Renaistre," meaning "to be born again." The Renaissance was a revival or a rebirth of cultural awareness and learning among art, law, language, literature, philosophy, science, and mathematics. This period took place between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries. The Renaissance in Italy flourished in the 15th century and spread throughout most of Europe in the 16th century.
In the early years of the twentieth century, Italy has created a new system of government, however suffered social and economic conditions. Improvements were made however, poverty and literacy were still problems that have not been solved well. While entering World War I, the nation was neutral up until joining the British and French in exchange for certain advantages. However, it was unsuccessful as Italy failed to take control of the territories that it claimed at the Versailles Peace Conference,and suffered significant losses. The ideology of fascism occurred when the power of Italy was shrinking and the idea of being a pacifist became weak. Benito Mussolini created a group of fascists to represent a means to stop the socialists and the communists coming into his nation.
McLuhan, M. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962.
Photomontages were the brainchild of the Dadaists, who were the first to practice it as an art form. They saw these displaced images as a way to pictorially represent the phonetic poems that were their staple. “They were the first to use photographic materials to create a new unity that wrenched from that period of war and revolution a vision-reflection that was optically and conceptually new, using structures often eccentric and clashing because of their properties as objects and their different spatial positions” (Cullars & Hausmann,
Reflection #1 Dialogic pedagogy can be viewed as a way to use classroom talk as a method for enhancing learning, by encouraging students to interact with, and respond to, other people’s ideas (Godinho, 2016). According to Ron Ritchhart (2008, as cited in Godinho, 2016), there are eight different ‘leverage points’ that should be observed to foster dialogic pedagogy, however for the purposes of this reflection I will be critically analysing the lesson presented by Group B in relation to three of these elements: opportunities, interactions and relationships, and the physical environment. Within Group B’s biology lesson, students were asked to form groups and discuss, debate and analyse the effects of homeostasis. This group activity utilised Ritchhart dialogic principle of ‘opportunity’, as students were given the time to actively engage with one another (2008, as cited in Godinho, 2016).
Italy is beautiful and a wonderful place to visit with so many breathtaking scenes, including many ancient sites. It has a very interesting history, and very neat variety of cultures, religions, and languages. The food is amazing and has a good twist to it. Many challenges and issues remain unsolved and remain a problem. Despite the issues it is still a great place to visit.