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Irritable bowel syndrome case
Certification exam review chapter 8 human diseases and conditions the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome case
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When deciding on a topic to write my paper over, I chose Irritable Bowel Syndrome. The disorder has always intrigued me because I feel it is the most commonly known. Each time I have discussed IBS with someone I often find myself wondering more in depth about what the disorder actually is, and other pertinent information about the disorder. For starters, I found out there are more than 200,000 cases per year in the United States and the disorder is a chronic affecting the intestines. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that leads to abdominal pain and bowel changes. Often people confuse this with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but these diseases are totally different. The cause of IBS is not clear, it can often occur after an infection
(What is....2016). The first documented case of Crohn’s disease suspected was King Alfred in 850 A.D. This disease is named after a Jewish man named Dr. Burrill Bernard Crohn (1884-1983) who became interested in the condition as his father, also a Dr, suffered from a disorder of the bowel. He devoted his career to “regional enteritis” the disease that now bares his name. It is necessary to understand the disease to be able to provide care for people who are afflicted by it (de Campos and Kotze 2013). Especially since Crohn’s is a chronic disease or a lifelong affliction it’s important to understand etiology, it’s symptoms, treatments, and to maintain the disease and the psychological well being of the patient managed (Crohn’s...2015).
Irregular bowel movements or constipation is quite a major and common concern in adults and babies as well. The condition becomes more challenging when it comes to babies. Parents of infants worry when their infant’s bowel movement is not regular and clear as that causes formation of gas and stomach pain.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional GI disorder (FGID) characterized by abdominal pain in association with altered bowel habits in the absence of any identifiable structural or biochemical abnormalities. It is a very common disorder that can have a profound negative impact on a patient’s quality of life and constitutes a considerable social and economic burden on society. Extensive research over the last few decades has led to a better understanding of this complex syndrome and improvements in treatment. After a brief review of the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of IBS, the current understanding of the complex physiological mechanisms contributing to the syndrome will be addressed. The remainder of this paper will focus on a number of important topics at the interface of IBS and psychiatry, including psychiatric comorbidity in IBS, the complex role of psychosocial stressors in the onset and perpetuation of symptoms in IBS, and various considerations in the management of IBS from the perspective of psychiatry.
Crohn’s disease is a disease that causes inflammation, swelling, and irritation to any part of the digestive tract which is also known as the gastrointestinal tract or GI tract. The disease most commonly targets the ileum which is a part in the small intestine. The digestive tract is organs that connect your mouth to your anus and it releases hormones and enzymes for the digestion in food. The inflammation caused by the disease goes deep into the lining of the digestive tract. It creates a stricture in the small intestine which is a narrowing of the pathway that can slow the movement of food through the intestine. The stricture can then move to large intestine which can cause many problems for absorption. When the disease causes the intestine to swell it can also be very problematic because the large intestine wouldn’t be able to function properly. Crohn’s disease is considered as an inflammatory bowel disease.
An article published in Lancet in 1989 by Bennet and Brinkman, reported the first use of FMT for treatment of Irritable Bowel Disorder. Bennet was diagnosed with UC himself and performed a trial of self-transplanted donor stool by retention enema. He would take the stool and reconstitute it with saline in order to be administered through an enema. Three months later colon biopsies showed improvement in inflammation and he remained symptom free for six months (Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, 2015). There
Treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disease is tricky. There is currently no cure for Crohn’s Disease (and technically no legitimate cure for Ulcerative Colitis). Also, there is no sure-fire way of treating the disease, as there is no one medicine that works for everyone. Treatments for Crohn’s disease also differ from the treatments of Ulcerative Colitis.
Vesa, Tuula H, Leena M Seppo, Philippe R. Marteau, Timo Sahi, and Riitta Korpela. “Role of irritable bowel syndrome in subjective lactose intolerance.” American J Clinical Nutrition 1998; 67: 710-5. 1998. Web. 12 November 2013.
Wakefield, A. J., Murch, S. H., Anthony, M. A., Linnell, J., Casson, D. M., Malik, M., Berelowitz, M., Dhillon, A. P., Thomson, M. A., Harvey, P., Valentine, A., Davies, S. E., & Walker-Smith, J. A. (1998). Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet, 351(9103), 637–641.
Sephton (2009) discusses an overview of severe ulcerative colitis, along with assessments, medical management, and nursing care. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammation in the mucosal layer of the colon. Ulcerative colitis has characteristics of watery diarrhea with blood, mucus, or pus. Treatment usually depends on the extent and severity of the disease. Mild to moderate ulcerative colitis is treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid. Corticosteroids can be used for patients who relapse or do not respond well to the 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment. Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine are immunosuppressive drugs that are used when the disease becomes steroid dependent. For patients with severe ulcerative colitis, intravenous corticosteroids during a hospital stay are used.
...eatment and live-altering relief for many people that suffer from irritable bowel syndrome is hindered because of the lack of understanding and acceptance of hypnotherapy as a plausible therapeutic solution. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recognized hypnotherapy as a possible treatment for IBS, but like other medical organizations and associations it is only seen as a possibility and isn’t immediately offered to regular IBS patients. There are no immediate effective treatments for IBS, yet a clinically proven solution is bluntly dismissed by a majority of the professional medical community because the full effectiveness of hypnotherapy is not understood. The lack of understanding may hinder further implementation of hypnotherapy in other fields, but it does not counter-effect the clinically proven usefulness of the treatment.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal syndrome characterized by chronic pain and irregular bowl movement with the absence of organ cause. IBS could be diarrhea-predominate or constipation-predominate. One of the pathophysiology that thought to cause IBS diarrhea-predominate (IBS-D) is a high level of serotonin especially after the meals. There are two type of serotonin that involve in the gastrointestinal system, type 3 (HT3) and type 4 (HT4). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ondansetron, which is a selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonist that have been used as antiemitc agent, in the treatment IBS-D.
Ulcerative colitis, or UC, is a chronic gastrointestinal disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine. It causes ulcers in the colon and rectum. Ulcerative colitis is one of two forms of inflammatory bowel disease. In UC, the inflammation from the ulcers breaks down the lining of the colon and causes bleeding and discomfort in the abdomen.
Inflammatory bowel disease is a life long disease, and it particularly targets the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), which consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach small intestine, large intestine (appendix, cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid), and rectum), and anus. The gastrointestinal tract is very important to the human body; some of its functions include mechanical and chemical digestion of food, the movement of food and waste from mouth to anus, secretion of enzymes and mucus, and the absorption of nutrients. These are some reason why it’s so destructive when this part of the body becomes impaired or even damaged.
Gastroenteritis, sometimes referred to as infectious diarrhoea is a common disease that affects millions of people annually. It is a disease caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites that enter the human body and spread, which induce symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and nausea. Although it is a common occurrence in society and is usually not harmful, cases of gastroenteritis in less developed countries may have more fatal repercussions due to their inability to access ample means of treatment. Over time, as more research was conducted into the disease, scientific developments were made to aid those affected by gastroenteritis and reduce the number of fatalities by educating people regarding preventative methods.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014. Web. 20 May 2014.