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Ionic and covalent bonds essay
Lab: ionic and covalent bonds
Essay question on ionic and covalent bonds
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The purpose of this lab to find if some certain compounds are made up of ionic or covalent bonds and to determine the properties of these compounds. This lab relates to the things we have been learning in class because compounds are part of our everyday life, so it’s nice to know some of the characteristics about it. In this lab we poured a small amount of the sample to a piece of labeled filter paper. To test the hardness, we separated a small amount of the sample and tried to crush it with the spatula. Next, we tested the conductivity of the sample by pouring each beaker with 30 mL of water. Then, Replace a paper clips on the edge of the beaker and if they were secure and partially under water. We then connected the wires to a battery and …show more content…
In the other hand, Sucrose (C12H22O11) and Dextrose (C6H12O6) are covalent bonds because they were not hard, they were not conductors and they also had a very low melting point. The data indicates that Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4) are ionic bonds, whereas Sucrose (C12H22O11) and Dextrose (C6H12O6) are covalent bonds because of their properties. As a result of the ionic compound properties, we determined that NaCl has has a high conductivity than C12H22O11, because NaCl is ionic compound meaning that it can light up the light bulb. Because we know the properties of each bonds, we can determine what Unknown 1 and 2 is. Unknown 1 resulted as not hard, not a conductor, and had a low melting point. Because of this, we can tell that is a covalent bond because it has the properties of it. Unknown 2 also resulted as not hard, is a conductor, and has a high melting point. With this data, we know that it is a ionic covalent because the properties match with the given. One source of error may have been that we might added a lot of water into the beaker. This error would have affected our data because it would have given us the wrong results when doing the conductivity test. For example, we accidently put too much water, so Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4) turned out as not a conductor, when it has to be a
Solid A was identified to be sodium chloride, solid B was identified to be sucrose, and Solid C was identified to be corn starch. Within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there are results that distinguishes itself from the other 4 experimental results within each test. Such as: the high conductivity and high melting point of sodium chloride, and the iodine reaction of corn starch. Solid A is an ionic compound due to its high melting point and high electrical conductivity (7), within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there is only one ionic compound which is sodium chloride, with the test results of Solid A, it can be concluded that is a sodium chloride. Solid B was identified as sucrose due to its low electrical
The purpose of the Unknown White Compound Lab was to identify the unknown compound by performing several experiments. Conducting a solubility test, flame test, pH paper test, ion test, pH probe test, conductivity probe test, and synthesizing the compound will accurately identified the unknown compound. In order to narrow down the possible compounds, the solubility test was used to determine that the compound was soluble in water. Next, the flame test was used to compare the unknown compound to other known compounds such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium carbonate. The flame test concluded that the cation in the unknown compound was potassium. Following, pH paper was used to determine the compound to be neutral and slightly
Compress the safety bulb, hold it firmly against the end of the pipette. Then release the bulb and allow it to draw the liquid into the pipette.
The primary goal of this laboratory project was to identify an unknown compound and determine its chemical and physical properties. First the appearance, odor, solubility, and conductivity of the compound were observed and measured so that they could be compared to those of known compounds. Then the cation present in the compound was identified using the flame test. The identity of the anion present in the compound was deduced through a series of chemical tests (Cooper, 2009).
The first term that I noted during the movie was Conductive Polymers. Conductive polymers are almost always organic meaning a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. These polymers have extended delocalized bonds which are bonds found in a molecule that do not belong to a single atom or covalent bond. They are conjugated systems of double bonds and in a aromatic systems. The conjugated systems are atoms covalently bonded with alternating single and double bonds. When the electrons are removed or added into the valence bands the electrical conductivity increases. The conductive polymer has a low conductivity until the electron is removed from the valence band called (p-doping) or (n-doping) until it becomes more conductive. The movement of the charges is what is responsible for electrical conductivity. These polymers are plastic which are organic polymers and with mechanical properties such as flexibility and elasticity.
In procedure A, one must know what an electrolytes is, which is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, in this case water is the solvent. Based on the results of the experiment it is can be concluded that the sodium chloride solution best conduct electricity. This is due part by ions being separated into Na+ and Cl- ions from the original NaCl. In other words NaCl(s) becomes Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq). In doing so allows electricity to flow in the solution. As for the pure/distilled water not conducting electricity it is because it is very filtered free of minerals. Essentially, distilled water lack ions to efficiently conduct electricity, this also applies to the pure substance of sodium chloride and sucrose which lack ions, atoms that have a net negative or positive charge. However, according the results the sucrose is slightly conductive, which may suggest a possible contamination in the solution. At the end it can be reasoned that because ions were made in the NaCl solution, ions contribute to the conductivity.
Abstract: Using Ion Exchange Chromatography, cellulase was purified. After purification, it was analyzed using a DNS test. The purified protein did not respond to the DNS the way it was expected to.
By doing this experiment, I can know the physical and chemical properties of these samples. After I get my results about the physical and chemical properties of these samples, I can compare my results with the information given by the past student and identify the 5 unknown samples, finding out which sample is which substance. Hypothesis = ==
A precipitation reaction can occur when two ionic compounds react and produce an insoluble solid. A precipitate is the result of this reaction. This experiment demonstrates how different compounds, react with each other; specifically relating to the solubility of the compounds involved. The independent variable, will be the changing of the various chemical solutions that were mixed in order to produce different results. Conversely the dependent variable will be the result of the independent variable, these include the precipitates formed, and the changes that can be observed after the experiment has been conducted. The controlled variable will be the measurement of ten droplets per test tube.
The objective of this lab was to identify physical properties as well as chemical and physical changes. This was done by first observing and recording the physical properties of seven different materials. The materials were: Sulfur (S), Iron fillings (Fe), Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), Sucrose (C12H22011), Sand (SiO2), Magnesium (Mg), and Sodium chloride (NaCl). Those seven materials were then placed in a 24 well plate in small quantity’s and the physical properties were recorded. Sulfur was founded to be a powder with a yellow color and insoluble in water. Iron fillings were black, attracted to a magnet and insoluble. Sodium bicarbonate was found as a crystal solid with a white color and was insoluble. Sucrose was a crystal solid with a while
The labels have fallen off of two bottles thought to contain solid sodium chloride or solid sodium carbonate. Describe a simple experiment which would allow you to determine which bottle contains which solid.
The procedure for this experiment can be found in Inorganic Chemistry Lab Manual prepared by Dr. Virgil Payne.
The actual, theoretical, and percent yield of sodium chloride was found. Sodium Carbonate was mixed with hydrochloric acid and the liquid was boiled until there was nothing left. The result was the production of salt, or sodium chloride.
borate) and 1.0 g. of sodium hydroxide in 20 mL of warm water. It may
From these properties of bonds we will see that there are two fundamental types of bonds--covalent and ionic. Covalent bonding represents a situation of about equal sharing of the electrons between nuclei in the bond. Covalent bonds are formed between atoms of approximately equal electronegativity. Because each atom has near equal pull for the electrons in the bond, the electrons are not completely transferred from one atom to another. When the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms in a bond is large, the more electronegative atom can strip an electron off of the less electronegative one to form a negatively charged anion and a positively charged cation. The two ions are held together in an ionic bond because the oppositely charged ions attract each other as described by Coulomb's Law.