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The importance of microorganisms to human affairs
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LITERATURE REVIEW: INVESTIGATING BACTERIAL GROWTH IN THE THAWING OF MEAT:
What are bacteria?
Mostly we think of bacteria as germs but bacteria are microorganisms, which are tiny little living beings - which are not plants or animals. They have a classification group all by themselves. Bacteria falls under the group called Prokaryotes. They consist of a single-cell. They are so small and tiny that you would have to look through a microscope to see them. Bacteria are everywhere they are in the bread you eat, the soil that plants grow in, and even inside of you. They are amazing creatures some can live above boiling point and others in freezing temperatures.
Bacteria can make us very sick, but it can also help us by making vitamins and breaking down garbage. Bacteria can make their own food from sunlight just like plants. They absorb food from the material or food they live on. They live everywhere, including humans, animals and plants. This is where they produce oxygen.
Types of bacteria found in meat:
• E. Coli is the bacteria that live in the intestines of animals. Most types of these bacteria are harmless provided that it is not very high levels. There are some types that can make you sick.
• Salmonella is one of the most common causes of food poisoning.
• Listeria is the bacteria found in poultry and cattle meat. It is unlike any other germ because it can grow in the refrigerator.
Methods of thawing commonly used:
Leaving in the refrigerator: it is one of the easiest methods to defrost meat, you just have to put it into the fridge and wait for it to defrost. But it is the longest method to defrost the food. It could take up to 24hrs to finish defrosting.
Advantages: - It is the best way t...
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... in which they defrost food. But no one actually knows which way is better to defrost their meat, by better we mean healthier and safer. So although meat is tested long the way, consumers are not very aware of bacterial loads in food.
So to see which way is actually better to defrost the meat, we decided to conduct a test that will show the different growth rates of bacteria in the different thawing methods to defrost meat. To do our test we are going to do the test with using chicken, which is a very widely consumed in South Africa. This is different because all the other tests that we have researched have been done to beef. So that also raises another question does the bacteria grow differently in different types of meat. In the end of our project we hope that we will be able to show people which method of defrosting their chicken is the safest and healthiest way.
Bacteria can function and reproduce as single cells but often combine into multicellular colonies. Bacteria are also surrounded by a cell wall. Archaea differ from bacteria in their genetics and biochemistry. Their cell membranes are made with different material than bacteria.
Escherichia coli is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a bacterium with a cell wall that has many components. Escherichia coli can live without oxygen which means that it is a facultative anaerobe. It is also capable of fermenting lactose under anaerobic conditions, and in the absence of alternative electron acceptors. There are effects and various factors that limit its growth rate. Its morphology consists of a rod-shaped gram negative bacteria that is commonly found in soil, water, vegetation, human intestines, as well as the intestines of animals. Its presence can be good or bad.
E. Coli is a bacteria that is inside your intestines that helps you break down food. When cows are fed corn, it also decreases the healthy acids such as Omega-3 and increases Omega-6 which is unhealthy. We should also care about their living conditions because a cow is in one area for most of the day just eating corn and when cows eat corn they tend to poop a lot. It is crowded in the eating area for cows so when they poop it falls on the ground and they eat so much corn that they just keep pooping so eventually they start stepping in it and this would cause them to get diseases. Some farmers when they slaughter them do check for diseases but some don’t, so the diseases travel with the cow and onto your dinner plate which means that you could be eating an infected cow without knowing it.
Bacteria are single celled microbes. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. In this process, the bacterium, which is a single cell, divides into two identical daughter cells. Binary
Hats off to bacteria! This article summarizes that bacteria are good for our body and help us function a lot better. Bacteria live in our guts, in our mouths, and on our skin. Overuse of antibiotics has disturbed the bacterial ecosystem, possibly so much that it is irreversible. In 1999 Lawrence Brandt a professor of medicine and surgery at the Albert Einstein College of medicine had success when trying to help a patient combat diarrhea induced by clostridium difficile. A patient developed diarrhea after taking a course of antibiotics for sinusitis; nothing could shake her C.difficile infection. Brandt reasoned the initial antibiotic treatment had killed gut bacteria that promote digestive health; not knowing which strain to replace, he transplanted stool form her husband. That night she reported marked improvement- for the first time in six months. This procedure has helped patients, but hopefully in the future doctors will be able to administer the particular strain of bacteria that is needed. 99% of the bacteria we harbor are resistant to culture in the lab. It was this impossible to study bacteria until the last decade or so, when DNA sequencing techniques allowed researchers to obtain gene sequences from as little as one bacterial cell. With this researchers found that bacteria cells in our bodies outnumber our human cells. Bacterial exposure throughout our lifetime is needed for our wellbeing, thinking, and functioning, contributing to conditions such as diabetes, obesity, allergies, asthma, and atherosclerosis, as well as to anxiety and mood and cognition disorders. These conditions have become more prominent because of our obsession with sanitation has eliminated the exposure to bacteria humans used to routinely get throu...
Our body consists of 90% of bacteria. That means that for every cell that we have in our body, we have 9 bacterial cells living along with it. Granted that most of the bacteria live inside the intestinal tract, but without a proper immune system keeping the digestive system in check, we would not be properly digesting food or have healthy bodies.
E. coli are bacteria that can cause an infection in various parts of your body, including your intestines. E. coli bacteria normally live in the intestines of people and animals. Most types of E. coli do not cause infections, but some produce a poison (toxin) that can cause diarrhea. Depending on the toxin, this can cause mild or severe diarrhea.
He explains how one diseased cow can affect other cattle in a slaughter house, and he provides examples of how these diseases affect human beings. For example, he reports that one animal infected with E. coli 0157:H7 can contaminate 32,000 pounds of ground beef (Schlosser). Schlosser cites a USDA study that exposes facts about the percentage of cattle that have E. coli 0157:H7 in their system. The study claims that the amount of infection in cattle is approximately 1 percent in the winter months and up to 50 percent in summer months. Even at the time when the percentage is the lowest, the infected cattle are still exposing E. coli to an extraordinary amount of ground beef (Schlosser).
The preservation of food is essential to maintain life and growth. Its daily intakes nourish our bodies, providing enzymes, in turn giving us energy. The ability of matter exerts radiation in its domain by means of energy in selected foods. Such rationale debates whether a development of technology creates an effective way to reduce the incidence of foodborne diseases, while treating a variety of potential problems in our food supply. An effective method of research in food irradiation illustrates substantial evidence in its safety, nutritional adequacy, and social-economic global effects.
Meat cultivation uses more land, water and resources to house, transport, and slaughter animals and their grain and food than it would cost to fund in vitro meat studies. In April 2008 the In Vitro Consortium first met at the Norwegian Food Research Institute. The consortium is “an international alliance of environmentally concerned scientists striving to facilitate the establishment of a large scale process industry for the production of muscle tissue for human consumption through concerted R&D efforts and attraction of funding fuels to these efforts. ”Meat in both its production and its consumption has a number of destructive effects on not only the environment and humans but also live stock. Some of these effects are antibiotic resistant bacteria due to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock, meat-borne pathogens (e. coli), and diseases associated with diets rich in animal fats (diabetes).
Prescott, Harley & Klein (1990) describe bacteria as prokaryotic cells (cells that lack a true membrane enclosed nucleus). Bacteria are both small and simple in structure; they usually are between o.5 and 5cmm yet they have many characteristic shapes and sizes. Some bacteria are circular or oval shaped, they are known as cocci bacteria. Other bacteria are rod-shaped, they are known as bacilli bacteria, and some bacteria are spiral and coil-shaped and it is know as spirilla bacteria.
ECOSYSTEMS: Microbes obtain energy from their environment. Like humans, many microbes do this by eating plant and animal material. A typical microbe buffet consists of waste from humans and other animals, dead plants and animals, and food scraps. Bacteria, fungi and algae all take part in decomposing — or breaking down — this waste material. Without them, the world would quickly be overrun with discarded food scraps, raw sewage and dead organisms.
Salmonella is also a bacterium that is widespread in the intestines of birds, reptiles, and mammals. It can spread to the human species a variety of different ways; through foods or animal origins. Some examples of food involved in outbreaks are eggs, poultry and other meats, raw milk and chocolate. The illnesses it causes are typically fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. In people with poor underlying health or weakened immune...
If certain types of bad bacteria were growing in your home and scientists knew how to keep that bacteria from spreading quickly, it could help people with serious health conditions. B. Background Information When you hear the word bacteria, the first thing that might come to mind is a germ. Although there can be many harmful types of bacteria, it is an essential part of life. Bacterium is all over the world and can be found in anything. Bacterium is one of the earliest life forms on Earth, and it plays a big role in how the Earth was developed.
Nowadays, refrigeration and freezing had become the most popular method for food preservation. It is a desirable way to preserve food because at low temperatures which around –10°C to –25°C, chemical reactions very slowly thus it will make the bacteria in food hard to survive.