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Challenges faced by indigenous people
Problems faced by indigenous people
Native American culture and western culture
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Inuits of Greenland: An Adaptive Society In a world far different from our own in the Northern Hemisphere lies an indigenous society known as the Inuits. Specifically focusing on the Inuits of Greenland these people have adopted various risk management strategies which has enabled them to survive in a harsh arctic environment. In indigenous cultures, their well-being and sustainability is managed through control of population growth like most present day indigenous societies have been influenced by western ideas and technologies, in which some of these influences have been beneficial while other western influences have threatened their traditional way of life. The Inuits or “Kalaallit” are the native people of Greenland, they have lived there for almost one thousand years. Today Greenland’s population is around 55,000, 85 percent of whom are Inuit (Caulfield:1997,1). The national language is Greenlandic, which is an branch of Inupik, or Eskimo language. There are three dialects according to the region in which they are spoken, such as West Greenlandic, East Greenlandic and Polar-Eskimo. Hunting, along with fishing is fundamental to their livelihood. Today, the Inuits are highly dependent on traditional methods of obtaining food through hunting and fishing. Inuits were first introduced to Westerners in the Thirteenth century. The encounters began between the Norse colonists on Western shore and Inuit hunters. During the 17th and 18th centuries, traders returned to Europe with many artifacts from the Inuits. They also took these indigenous people as slaves, stolen from their native land to be put on display. The Inuits were viewed as heavy but happy people surviving in a rough environment. These i... ... middle of paper ... ...Wendell H., Eskimos and Explorers. Novato, California: Chandler and Sharp Publishers, Inc., 1979. Lamblin, Robert Joelle, “Socio-demographic situation of the Yuit and Inuit Eskimos and Chukchis of Chukotka.” Etudes/Inuit/Studies, v. 17 (2): pp.73-96, 1993. Silis, Ivars. “Narwhal Hunters of Greenland.” National Geographic v.165: pp. 520-539, 1984. Smith, Eric A., Smith Abigail S., Inuit Sex-Ratio Variation, Population Control, Ethnographic Error, or Parent Manipulation.” Current Anthropology, v.35 Dec. Dec.1994, p.595-604. Weissner, Polly, “Risk, Reciprocity and Social influences on !Kung San Economics.” Course packet, p.43-55. Britannica Encyclopedia Online. http://www.Encyclopedia Britannica Encarta Encyclopedia Online Deluxe. http://www.encarta.com Greenland Guide.http://www.greenland-guide.com
Inuit Odyssey, by CBC’s: The Nature of Things covers the long and eventful journey of the Inuit people. Canadian anthropologist, Dr. Niobe Thompson searched for the answers to questions about who the modern day Inuit are, where did they come from, how did they survive and who did they conquer along the way? Thompson explored the direct lineage between modern day Inuit and the Thule people, and their interactions with the Dorset and Norse Vikings in their search for iron. Thompson is ultimately concerned with how the current warming climate will affect the Inuit people therefore, he decides to retrace the creation of the Inuit culture, starting his journey in the original homeland of the Thule people.
This paper addresses the results of interviews, observations, and research of life in the Ottawa tribe, how they see themselves and others in society and in the tribe. I mainly focused on The Little River Band of Ottawa Indian tribe. I researched their languages, pecking order, and interviewed to discover the rituals, and traditions that they believe in. In this essay I revealed how they see themselves in society. How they see other people, how they see each other, what their values were, what a typical day was etc. I initially suspected that I would have got different responses from these questions but in reality the results in the questions were almost completely the same. I studied this topic because mostly all the people that are close to me are associated in the Ottawa tribe. I additionally love the Native American culture, I feel it is beautiful and has a free concept.
The Arctic is an area above the imaginary line of the Arctic Circle, which is latitude 66.6° north (Smith, 2009). This is a hostile and unforgiving place, with freezing temperatures and 24 hours of darkness in winter (Smith, 2009). Nevertheless, one particular place of interest is Devon Island, which has many seasonal hunting grounds such as Cape Liddon – see exhibit one. Although Devon Island is uninhabited today, past settlers survived harsh conditions by exploiting coastal and inland resources for thousands of years. Interestingly, between 1982 and 1987, archaeologists found 163 sites on the island (Helmer, 1991). These sites contained thousands of animal bones, various stone and bone tools dating back 4500 years (Helmer, 1991). Coincidently, the multipurpose ulu knife – see exhibit two – originates from the similar time period, which is traditionally used for processing animals for food and clothes (Crowell & Prusinski, n.d.). Also, it is believed that indigenous people created carvings such as small face masks, for interacting with spirits (Zságer, 2010). Funnily enough, a modern day mask – see in exhibit three – looks similar to a 3500 year old ivory face mask found on Devon Island (CMCC, 2013). Nonetheless, today some people call this traditional ecological knowledge, which refers to knowledge, beliefs and practices, in sustainable use of ...
Tabata, S., T. Kaneko, et al. (2000). "Sequence and analysis of chromosome 5 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana." Nature 408(6814): 823-826.
Brown, DeNeen L. "Culture Corrosion in Canada's North; Forced Into the Modern World, Indigenous Inuit Struggle to Cope." The Washington Post 16 July 2001, page A01.
Hall, Linley Erin. “Understanding Genetics DNA and RNA.” New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., 2011. Print. 01 Apr. 2014.
DNA methylation primarily occurs within sites in the DNA sequence known as CpG dinucleotides, which is a 2 base pair sequence involving a Cytosine bonded to a Guanine by a phosphodiester bond.
...ught could be seen as arrogant, and had a condescending attitude as they thought the Inuit were “skraelings (a sick, weak person)” (McAnany and Yoffee, p. 56), all their encounters may not have been confrontational. They believe that their attitude simply could have come from a religious factor that it was the difference in being Christian compared to non-Christian. Though artifacts were scarcely found from the Norse in the Thule Inuit ruins and vice versa, the artifacts that were found could represent an encounter, but could as well have been from plundering abandoned homes. Also, when searching Norse settlements, no weapons were found, thus making them powerless against the Inuits if it had come down to a conflict between them. A scene on a small piece of bone did depict a battle, however it is important to note that it did not depict a Norseman against an Inuit.
A major mechanism in epigenetics is DNA methylation. DNA methylation occurs in two mechanisms and is the addition of a methyl (-CH₃) group through a covalent bond to a cytosine side chain. DNA methylation is catalysed by a group of enzymes called DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). DNMT adds methyl groups to cytosine residues. Cytosines have to be immediately followed by a Guanine In order to be methylated, these are called CpG dinucleotides. Around 70% of these dinucleotides get methylated whilst the rest are in clusters called CpG islands. There are two typ...
Epigenetics also can be responsible for changes of histone, the main protein component of chromatin, which is a combination of DNA and protein to make the nucleus of a cell.
sequence. Epigenetics in turn affects how cells read the genes. Epigenetic change is a regular and
Epigenetic inheritance is defined as the regulatory information passed down from parent to offspring without any changes in the underlying DNA sequence. This process can involve various modifications of histones as well as DNA itself. These types of alterations include acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation. Such changes can regulate expression through a variety of different mechanisms, including controlling how accessible the DNA is to transcription factors (1). Epigenetic regulation is a highly prevalent method of controlling gene expression, and a vast number of diseases involve disturbances in the epigenome (2).
A recent field of biology, called epigenetics, is rapidly transforming previous ideas on the impact of genes. The...
There are certain beliefs which are held within a particular community which promote domestic violence. The roles and responsibility for women and men in the society sometimes cultivate an environment where domestic violence thrives. For instance, women in the community are supposed to be submissive to their husbands, this belief has been promoting domestic violence within the community. Despite women being mistreated they cannot present their problems to other members in the society since they will be humiliated by being told that they need to be submissive to their husbands. This has majorly made women to be victims for domestic violence within families. In addition, there is the belief that men are the bread winners of the family, therefore when women are been mistreated they suffer silently fearing that if they leave the relationship they will not receive any financial support from the men. This makes them to
The IK embedded in the stories reveal how such knowledge is instrumental in ushering in and mitigating ecological catastrophe (Woollett, 2007). Cajete (2000) observes that “ultimately, the goal of Indigenous education is to perpetuate a way of life through the generations and through time. The purpose of all education is to instruct the next generation about what is valued and important to a society” (p. 184). In Canada, Native schools have begun to emerge where Native people (of particular tribal groups) conduct education for children in their own languages and develop a curriculum which is based on reclaiming traditional knowledges and worldviews, for example, the importance of land and environment and what land and environment means to Aboriginal