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Introduction of diet and cancer
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Epigenetics and genetics: our true. Epigenetics, which also means “above genetics”, is defined as the study of chemical reactions that take place in the organism as this one grows and develop. This chemical reaction activate and deactivate at certain time and location some parts of the genome. The video resulted extremely interesting because it shows how our body react to the epigenomes and how important is our lifestyle to our health and for the health of our next generations. For years, scientists had though that the only way to get infected with an infectious disease is trough out parasites, viruses, or bacteria, but there is a reason why not everybody is susceptible to the same diseases or can be infected with the same virus than others, …show more content…
Epigenetics also can be responsible for changes of histone, the main protein component of chromatin, which is a combination of DNA and protein to make the nucleus of a cell. Also, the idea of epigenetics therapy is to stay away from killing the cell. The idea is to remember the cell that it is also a human cell, that it should not be behaving that way. Researchers are trying to do this by reactivating the genes. New measures in our lifestyle and some nutritional supplements can help us to control the effects of both epigenetics and genetics. Some of the first step to minimize the damage is to avoid environmental chemicals. Changes in our DNA can be related to exposure to environmental toxins such as BPA, pesticides, solvents, etc. we are not only exposed to this toxins through water or food, but also through cosmetics, hair dyer, or sunscreen. Furthermore, eating a balance diet is fundamental. A diet rich in fresh vegetables and fruit can help us decrease the risks of methylation defects. Also, for anyone who has a genetic predisposition to develop a genetic disease it is important to control the amount of sugar, lack of sleep, and stress. This can help to prevent the development of the
Epigenetics is the word that is used for genes that are modified in order to assist certain genome sequences that lead to diseases and disorders. Epigenetics has come a long way since the first genome sequence had its draft breakthrough in the year 2000 (NOVA 2012). From depression to cancer, epigenetics has made its way through to provide families with the appropriate knowledge and perhaps medication in order to avoid these diseases and disorders in the future.
The author goes into details about Jeff’s family history and his exposure to low cholesterol is linked to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Having a history of cardiovascular disease may temp one to change their lifestyle and eating habits leaning towards a low carbohydrate and more natural diet. It took a turn in Jeff's case when the so-called healthily eating habits were not working in his favor. Moalem stresses on how epigenetics comes into play, Jeff’s pre-exposure to cardiovascular disease was readily detectable but predicting HFI was a challenge. He highlights other situations where he argues that organism genes may be altered and can be expressed differently in environments. Claiming that based on epigenetics, physical activities, experiences, diets, and other lifestyles choices is crucial when it comes to gene expression. Talking about the queen been and worker bees, he emphasizes the fact that they have the same genes. Moalem argues that the genes of these two creatures are expressed differently because of what the queen bee ate. Queen bees are genetically superior since in their diet as a larva they are raised on royal jelly thus their phenotype as expressed differently. In making these claims, he supports the new Idea of epigenetics, which asserts that the genes of a person are not their destiny since they are subject to
1. Histone modifications can effect transcription by altering the chromatin structure or the interaction with other regulatory proteins. Addition of positive or negative charges through the modifications disrupts the electrostatic interaction between the histones and DNA, which modulates the chromatin structure and therefore, the accessibility of DNA to the regulatory proteins. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification which can influence the interaction between transcription factors and CpG dinucleotides, chromatin structure or binding between methylated DNA and methylation recognition factors.
been previously touched by an infected person, will transmit the disease to the healthy person who
The unique insight brought by the ENCODE project has lead to several revolutionary ideas for the inter workings of genetics on the molecular scale; however, there has been much controversy over the projects findings throughout the scientific community. The ENCODE project states “The vast majority (80.4%) of the human genome participates in at least one biochemical RNA-and/or chromatin-associated event in at least one cell type” (The ENCODE Project Consortium). This statement claims the functionality of the human genome as a whole and is the core theme that will be analyzed.
Cancer is beyond mutations. By definition, epigenetics is the change in gene translation that is caused by alterations not directly due to genetic mutations in the DNA sequence. The 2 main mechanisms are DNA methylation and covalent modification of histones. By methylation, certain molecular tags (methyl groups) bind to a specific sequence of a gene, that results in its disability hence incapable of being translated into its appropriate protein product. These changes affect the cell’s functions leaving its DNA unchanged. Epi is derived from Latin meaning above; hence an epigenetic configuration overlies our genetic predispositions.
During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems including cancer, decreased fertility, and abnormalities in newborns.
It was not that long ago that there was an age of no internet or computers. Life around the world has changed dramatically in the past thirty years. Technology has advanced at faster rate than ever before. We now know about many new things including humans including our DNA. It seems as though, the more we learn about the make up of our bodies, the more we are learning how to manipulate them. Do we want to let science take over our natural way of life? Russell Powell of the Journal of Medicine & Philosophy agrees that there is a common worry that humans could be harmed by genetic engineering of humans. The problem, Powell says, could potentially lead to the extinction of human life. By reducing human genetic diversity, we could end up with a biological monoculture that may increase our susceptibility to deadly diseases.
Viruses can be transmitted in many ways. Being in contact with an infected person will most likely transfer the virus. One can also obtain the virus through swallowing, inhaling, and unsafe sex. Poor hygiene and eating habits usually increase the risk of catching a viral infection. Contracting a viral infection is followed by adverse s...
DNA – the very molecule that defines who we are. It is still fascinating that a molecule that is so small that is not visible to the naked eye determines not just our physical appearance but also our mental wellbeing. Over 60 years, the discovery of the double helix DNA had impacted various fields relating to Biology and Chemistry, contributing to the advancement of technology and subsequently mankind too.
Infectious diseases also called as communicable diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi), can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another.
The identification of a substance/phenomenon/condition(s) is the first step toward a new discovery or invention of substantial application (human or otherwise). In the light of this fact, the knowledge of the discovery of DNA is vital to appreciate the beauty of evolution of the events that led to the discovery of DNA. Unlike the common belief that DNA was discovered by the American biologist James Watson and English physicist Francis Crick, the genetic material was first identified by the Swiss physiological chemist Friedrich Miescher in the 1860s. He named them “nuclein”. While having an intention of separating and identifying the proteins present in the white blood cells, he discovered a material inside the white blood cells that were similar to proteins but having high phosphorus content. Sensing the importance of his findings, Miesher wrote “It seems probable to me that a whole family of such slightly varying phosphorous-containing substances will appear, as a group of nucleins, equivalent to proteins”. It was only in 1953, that Watson and Crick put together pieces of experimental information by various investigators to bring forth the three dimensional structure of DNA. Although, various improvisations and extensions have been brought forth to the Watson Crick model, but the four major propositions still remain the same :
Epigenetics is the study of both heritable and non-heritable changes in gene translation, which do not stem from mutation. Epigenetic alterations to DNA may occur in several different ways; histone modification, DNA methylations, expression of microRNAs, and changes of the chromatin structure (Ntanasis-Stathopoulos et al). Depending on their presentation, they may be passed on to offspring. The exact mechanism of heritable epigenetic modification has not been discovered, but all of these alterations may have some impact on a wide range of disorders and have far reaching implications in the medical field. The study of epigenetics seeks to answer the age old question of whether nature or nurture is responsible for our phenotype, and it has arrived at the answer that in fact, both are. The discovery of epigenetic changes may lead us to cure many disorders, and even personality problems.
Consuming foods that have been genetically altered have serious health risks based on research done on rats by The American Academy of Environmental Medicine (AAEM), an international organization of physicians. Risks include infertility, immune system problems, accelerated aging, disruption of insulin and cholesterol regulation, gastrointestinal problems and organ damage. Many AAEM physicians have prescribed non-GMO diets for all patients to improve health conditions. Jeffrey M. Smith, an advocate for non-GMO, says scientific research shows the link of GM food to thousands of sick, sterile, and dead livestock; thousands of toxic and allergic reactions in humans; and damage t...
Studies have also shown that genetics also plays a part in illnesses and diseases that c...