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Reflective sessions in therapy
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The Intrapersonal Reflective therapist knows that there are many variables that play into a person’s level of distress and how it is shown in their behaviors and attitudes; people perceive things differently. Something that deeply affects one individual may not hold the same severity to another individual. How is it that something can seem so catastrophic to one person but be easily brushed off by the next? The filter that is used to process the events play a large role on how we feel about a certain event. These filters can be shaped by experiences/ consequences, genetic predispositions, or learned behaviors. One major component of human beings and their level of distress is whether or not they have accepted this existential anxiety of existence or if they have allowed the neurotic anxiety to take over their thoughts and their behaviors. Existential anxiety is defined as …show more content…
This proposed theory believes that the difference between the “normal” individual and the distressed individual is the frequency and intensity of being emotionally upset because of their irrational thoughts. provided a few examples of this irrational thinking are: telling oneself that they must maintain the approval of others, when in fact they don’t because existence is not defined by anyone but the self. This falls into being-for-others, and losing the self and the authenticity in the process. Another thread of irrational thinking is equating needs with preferences, which holds a prominent relation to a mixture of CBT and existential therapy. The difference between existential and neurotic anxiety is often blurred; “NEEDING” to call my spouse every 15 minuets to make sure he/ she is okay…this is a lie that people tell themselves as a way to justify behavior, but in reality an individual does not NEED to call their spouse, it is simply a preference (Prochaska & Norcross
On the video session, the therapist attempts to elicit automatic negative thoughts, which are ideas that spontaneously intrude into the person’s mind, are plausible to the person and which provoke a negative emotional effect (Clark, 2004). This is common in many clients, especially people with anxiety disorders (Leahy, 2009). The therapist was able to prompt the client to identify the two types of automatic thoughts: verbal thoughts and mental images (Hales et al., 2015). The client elicited verbal thoughts as “I will have a heart attack if I leave the house”. The therapist
Shaughnessy, M. F., & Mahan, V. (2002). An interview with Albert Ellis about rational emotive behavior therapy. North American Journal of Psychiatry, 4(3), 355-366.
Roth, A., Fonagy, P. (2005). What works for Whom? A Critical Review of Psychotherapy Research. US: Guilford Press.
In existential the focus is on assisting individuals on becoming authors of their own lives with the philosophical framework of what it means to be human. Psychodrama allows individuals to explore problems through role play to develop new behavioral skills. Gestalt therapy warrants the here-and-now, bringing unfinished business to the present, allowing individuals to deal with those problems now. Person-centered approach concentrates on self-exploration, learning to accept one’s self, and determining avenues to take to change. Collectively, I found the most valuable and meaningful aspects of experiential and relationship oriented approaches to be self-exploration and bringing unfinished business to the present to help individuals deal with those problems
In consequence, humanists and existentialists argue that people who mostly receive judgment and criticism for their behaviors are more vulnerable to developing a psychological disorder because they fail to recognize their worth (Comer, 2016, pg. 110). Overall, the humanistic-existential treatment model objective is to change clients’ harsh self-standards as they gain self-awareness and self-acceptance by valuing and giving meaning to their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Comer, 2016, pg. 110). The main types of therapy for this model are client-centered therapy, gestalt therapy, and existential therapy. In these type of treatments, practitioners avoid giving personal remarks and their opinions, because they allow the client to control the session by creating a supportive and warm atmosphere in which clients are able to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths while critiquing themselves honestly in an attempt to find their own solutions (Comer, 2016,
Researchers such as Hayes and Strosahl (2005) defines acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) as an empirically based intervention technique from the cognitive behavior model of psychotherapy that employs mindfulness and acceptance methods mixed in various ways. Grounded within the practical concept of functional contextualism and based on the comprehensive idea of language and cognition, ACT is different from the normal or traditional cognitive behavioral therapy. The differences are manifested in the paradigm of instead of teaching people to control their emotions, ACT teaches them to acknowledge, accept and embrace the emotions and or feelings (Hayes, Louma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006). Primarily, western traditions functions under the assumption of “healthy normality” which believes that humans are naturally psychologically healthy; however ACT contends that the “so-called” normal human mind is volatile and destructive. The nucleus concept of ACT is that psychological based suffering is caused by experimental averting, cognitive mess, and psychological inflexibility that lead to malfunctions in taking necessary behavioral steps in agreement with core values (Hayes et al, 2006).
Existential therapy is concerned with one’s being; the world in which they live, the implication of time, and the mindfulness of being whole. The basic dimensions of the human condition, according to the existential approach, include (1) the capacity for self-awareness; (2) freedom and responsibility; (3) creating one’s identity and establishing meaningful relationships with other; (4) the search for meaning, purpose, values, and goals; (5) anxiety as a condition of living; and (6) awareness of death and nonbeing. All give significance to living and explore the degree to which a client is doing the things they value.
Initially developed by Aaron Beck in the 1960s, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) also referred to as Cognitive Therapy (CT) focuses on understanding a client’s behaviors and feelings through focusing on their underlying cognitions and thoughts (Weinrach, 1988, p.159). Aaron Beck believed that our thoughts impact our feelings and in order to change negative feelings, we must identify and modify our dysfunctional thoughts (Weinrach,1988). A client’s symptoms or dysfunctional behaviors do not take place due to a situation or their feelings. Instead, Beck explains that between the situations or events and the emotional responses and behaviors, a conscious stream of thoughts take place (Craske, 2010). CBT explains human nature with an anti-deterministic
The most satisfying class I have taken is AP Psychology. For a major part in my life, I always knew that I was destined to participate in a career that involved the understanding of the mind. Since then, I have been fascinated with psychology, taking time out to watch ted talks about new theories or spending time looking for books and articles about the human mind. When I was aware that I could take AP Psychology during high school, I took the class with no hesitation. Even though I am more than fascinated with psychology, the reason why AP Psychology has been a satisfying class all stands on the teacher. My AP Psychology teacher used real life applications with all of the information presented in the textbook. She structured the class in such
The client might have had an event that would activate different thought-patterns, which could lead to an irrational belief, leading to a consequence. For the client with the depression, the client might have had felt isolated from friends in the stage of the early adulthood, which led to an irrational belief about the friends disliking the client, leading to the consequence of the client withdrawing from social activities. The A-B-C theory emphasizes changing the thought-pattern this irrational belief has caused, by disputing an intervention, which would lead to an effective philosophy, which eventually would lead to a new feeling. For the client suffering from depression, disputing intervention might include talking about whether the friends were actually isolating the client or if that was an irrational belief. Confronting the issue could lead to an effective philosophy where the client would realize that it was an irrational belief that the friends were excluding the client, which would lead to a new feeling where the client would not withdraw from social activities (Corey, 2015). For the psychosocial perspective, Erikson’s psychosocial stages can create a diagnosing effect while confronting the root of the issue and solving the crisis. Intertwining Erikson’s psychosocial stages with the phenomenological
The general goal of existential therapy is to help clients live authentically and recognize when they are not. In the existential view, facing anxiety, determining values, and constructing a personal identity all contribute to an authentic existence (Corey, 2017). As a counselor with an existential perspective, one of my main concerns will be helping people to break away from dependence on others so that they can reclaim their lives. Within the therapeutic relationship, I will help clients develop their presence, with both themselves and others. I will assist them in identifying how they block themselves from complete presence, and challenge clients to assume responsibility for designing their present lives. I will
The existential approach to therapy has six key propositions: (1) We are able to be self-aware, (2) We need to be responsible for our choices that we make freely, (3) We are allowed to be who we are, (4) Things can always change, (5) Anxiety is a normal feeling, and (6) Death is inevitable (Corey & Corey, 2014). There are different types of existential therapy, but the main purpose remains the same. It is easy to get caught up in the day-to-day stress of life. One could easily forget that they are in control of their actions and reactions. “The aim of therapy is that the patient experiences his existence as real…which includes becoming aware of his
Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) was established by Albert Ellis and he has found that what individuals accepted unequivocally influenced how they responded rationally. Accordingly, when their beliefs became irrational, it would make individuals feel skeptical, edgy or bad tempered and would even prompt pounding toward oneself state of mind (Psych Central.com, 2014). REBT is a pragmatic methodology to help people in taking care of and vanquishing troubles and in addition attaining objectives. REBT places a decent arrangement of its point of convergence on the present and locations state of mind, undesirable feelings and nonadaptive practices that can affect life fulfillment adversely. REBT additionally gives a show
This approach draws on the importance of early experience and how people internalize events that happened in their youth. It draws on the idea that there is a conflict between events that happened in the past and what a person is trying to accomplish in the present. The therapist is very engaged and develops a close relationship to the client, in which the relationship helps model normative relationships that the client can use to generalize. The goal of this kind of treatment is to make the unconscious conscious to the client. The hallmark of psychodynamic psychotherapy is insight and working through, in which the client has deep and reflective epiphanies about themselves. Psychodynamic therapy has also shown to be effective in the treatment of individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Schottenbauer, Glass, Arnkoff, and Gray (2008) explored the contributions of psychodynamic approach to therapy in individuals suffering from PTSD and trauma. Some of the many contributions psychodynamic treatments include addressing interpersonal issues that are a by-product of PTSD, and also addressing development. Aside of bringing unconscious thoughts forward, the therapist also watches for defense mechanisms that the client might use. These defense mechanisms are important to the therapist, because they provide insight to the person’s wishes, feelings, and impulses. A benefit to using psychodynamic treatment over other approaches is that it is better suited for handling complex cases of PTSD, as well as comorbid cases. In addition to that, because it focuses heavily on interpersonal relationships, it helps create a social support system for the client. Having social support may aid the client in recovering. In the case of Frida, a psychodynamic treatment approach would be effective. A psychodynamic therapist would establish a rapport with Frida before
Mayer and Salovey (2001) maintained that emotions help prioritise, decide, anticipate and plan one’s actions. In order to effectively manage one’s emotions, one must first learn to identify and recognise them accurately. They should not neglect their emotions as this will reflect lack of self-awareness. For example, when someone lost their loved ones, they choose to be in a state of denial allowing themselves to be drowned in depression and sickness. They refused to get away from feeling negative and find solutions to overcome their emotions. These group of people face difficulties in recognising, identifying and managing their emotions.