Interviews
Interviews are considered a key method for collecting rich data through interaction with individuals in human and social research, especially in qualitative field (Bernard, 2011; Brinkmann, 2014; Brinkmann & Kvale, 2015; Seidman, 2012; Weiss, 1995). According to Patton (2015) “interviews are open-ended questions and probes yield in-depth response about people’s experiences, perceptions, opinions, feelings, and knowledge” (p 14). In other words, interviews provide insights about participants’ own believes, experiences through social interaction to build more knowledge and understanding about individuals’ behaviors and actions. Brinkmann (2014) identified three kinds of interviews: 1) structured, 2) semi-structured, and 3) unstructured
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Unstructured interviews, on the other hand, do not have structured format of questions that the researcher need follow in order to elicit information from the participants. Instead, the participants narrate their life stories and experiences, and the researcher plays a role of listener who draws knowledge from their stories and thinks about how to facilitate the interview process to understand participants’ stories and experiences in undisruptive way (Brinkmann, 2014; Brinkmann & Kvale, 2015). The unstructured interviews are widely used in narrative and ethnographic inquiries that rely on participants’ life stories and oral histories to understand the research problem as narrated by the participants (Patton, 2015). Semi-structured interviews, on the other hand, are interviews “with the purpose of obtaining descriptions of the life …show more content…
Although face to face interviews have many advantages such as providing rich context of knowledge in terms of seeing or monitoring body language, gestures, and facial expressions of the participants which are absent in telephone interviews, the latter also have some advantages such as being less cost effective, allows the researcher to interact with interviewee overseas in various geaographical areas (Glesne, 2011; Seidman, 2013), and offer anonymity to interviewees and enables them to talk freely, and honestly (Hughes, 2008). In addition, they are unintimidating, there is no reaction to the appearance of the researcher, and they are safe (Bernard,
In-depth interviews are one of the research methods used when qualitative research is desired over quantitative research. Also, by using in-depth interviews as his research method, Messner is able to acquire much more detailed information, which will enhance the quality of his final data, making the study more efficacious and fulfilling. But, as with any research method, in-depth interviews have their strengths and weaknesses. Most importantly, with any research method, optimal levels of representativeness, replicability, reflexivity, reactivity, and objectivity should be
Overall this genre of conversational narrative is useful to those who need to “reconstruct and make sense of actual and possible life experiences” (7). There are pieces to a story that may not come as clear to a person who has been through traumatic situations, and storytelling is used to help not only with getting the story straight, but for healing as well.
When speaker Brené Brown was about to give a talk, the event coordinator struggled with calling her a “researcher,” saying that people might not want to come because they would think she was “boring and irrelevant.” Instead, she wanted to call her a “storyteller” since she thought Brene´Brown’s story-telling abilities were a highpoint. Brown’s academic insecurity was not satisfied in simply being called a “storyteller.” She decided her qualitative research was, in actuality, collecting stories and concluded, stories, were “data with a soul.” She then embraced the title “Researcher-Story-teller,” which combined her unique abilities (Brown, 2010). Building our own personal brand is a combination of strengths; its “what makes us
Researches who interview people and perhaps particularly women, need an awareness and a sensitivity to the fact that, although a subject may have agreed to take part in a study, it cannot be known for certain, what that interview will uncover (or) give rise to.
Therefore, in future studies, I would recommend that there is no pre-existing relationship between the interviewers and the interviewees. Videotaped interview is considered appropriate, but the crew members should be released, because I consider they will affect the interviewees’ emotion. To reflect the content more precisely, it is also suggest that the studies should be done by native students, such arrangement could lower the cultural difference. ReferenceS Miell, D., Phoenix, A., and Thomas, K. (2002). Mapping Psychology 1 (Book 1).
Williamson, T., Milne, B., & Savage, S. (2009). International Developments in Investigative Interviewing. Willan Publishing: Portland.
My third informational interview was a face to face sit down interview with Omer Teymur, a young gentleman who is a CEO of a new growing cotton company called AF Cotton LLC located in Dallas, Texas.
The poor are everywhere it seems. They are on the street corner, in the local 7 Eleven, and in the plaza. Sometimes I get sick of them and even angry with them when they pester me for money. I ask myself, "Is the best way to deal with poor, to give them money from my pocket?" It's obvious that other people have given them money from their pockets at different times. If no one had ever given them money, then these people wouldn't be standing here asking for money. The fact is, many poor people ask for money because they know they can get money that way. For most of the last 70 years our government has indirectly given the poor money from our pockets, through taxes and welfare. Not surprisingly, people have continued to ask for money. For most of those 70 years welfare fed the mentality that the best way to get money was to ask. I believe welfare as it was first started, failed miserably and created millions of dependents in poverty instead of independents above poverty. The welfare reform of 1996, I believe has helped the poor escape from the trap of poverty and is a more beneficial way of dealing with the poor.
(Spring): 49- (22 p.). Kvale, Steinar and Svend Brinkmann. 2009. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative.
The unstructured interview approach, is an excellent way of creating multiple realities by giving the control of the interview over to the participants being interviewed and inviting them to tell their stories peaked by only an open-ended question. This method requires an environment in which the participants readily open up (Hill, 2001). To the credit of the current study, the interviewees did provide detailed accounts when interviewed. Additionally, as the stories are elicited by the participants own volition, they can cover a broad range of topics allows for unplanned comments and topics to come up that may have otherwise been left untouched in a more structured methodology (Kvale, 1983). However, because the responses are so gloriously open ended they are difficult to compare across different cases, and large amounts of irrelevant data must be sifted through in a time consuming manner. The benefit of qualitative phenomenological research is that while most scientific methods focus on what can be physically observed and quantitatively measured, this leaves a gapping hole in our ability to evaluate the human condition as most of what we do is determined by unseen forces in our psyches (Kvale, 1983). Therefore, open-ended phenomenology allows researchers to break the restrictive mold and attempt to discover insights into lived experience that would normally remain invisible to more traditional scientific study (Dale,
The term methodology refers to the way in which we approach problems and try to find answers and in social science, it applies to how research is conducted, our assumptions, interest and purposes shape which methodology we choose (Steven, 2016:3).Qualitative research is understanding people from their own perspectives, their viewpoint and experiencing reality as they experience it. Qualitative research has many approaches or methods of collecting data and one of them is an interview which I have chosen to explain further based on it as a method of collecting data. The interview is the most common method of data gathering used in qualitative research and it is used in deferent ways by every main theoretical and methodological approach.
Qualitative research is an approach that attempts to situate an activity that locates the observer in the world by providing the study to occur in their natural setting and by attempting to make sense of, or interpret information (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005). A characteristic of qualitative research is to use a variety of empirical materials such as personal experience, interviews, and questionnaires. It is imperative to understand the task at hand and how to fully carry out the study when using a qualitative research approach in order to find out the information needed. One view of qualitative research is it involves examining individual’s experiences and documenting those experiences in detail (Jones, 2011). By documenting these observations the researcher is ensuring validity in his or her data and giving the correct creditability to those who participated in the study.
There are many aspects that make up a successful interview or interrogation. An investigator does not become a skilled interviewer or interrogator over night. Training and experience are vital to becoming skilled at interviewing and interrogation. Experience is the best teacher, conducting interviews and interrogations is the only way to become more skilled. In this paper I will explain all the aspects that make up a successful interview. I will also explain the difference between an interview and an interrogation.
This method of communication is the one which is probably used the most because there are few faults with it compared to other means of communicating. With face-to-face, you are not just analysing the words which are being exchanged but also the body language (say towards a customer).
Both of these interactions play a key role in communication. Virtual and Face to Face interaction can have similarities and differences. To analyze how they are similar and