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Essay on internal combustion engine
Essay on internal combustion engine
Principles of physics that allow internal combustion engines to operate
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Internal combustion engines gain repelling force by high pressure, which composed of combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber. Depending on this repelling force ,piston starts to move and it supplies the engine power to the required mechanical elements so, runs the vehicle. This is the working principle of internal combustion engines. In other words, internal combustion engines are the machines, which turn fuel’s chemical energy before turning mechanical energy. Combustion occurs inside of the engine that is why, they are called Internal Combustion Engines. In an external combustion engine, combustion occurs outside of the engine.For example in thermal power stations combustion occurs in a steam boiler out of the steam turbine. With the transition of combustion chambers into the engines, automobile industry were developed and compact heat machines were produced. Nowadays electric engine automobiles are produced and launch to the market but, it seems hard to solve the energy storage problem. Batteries are very heavy, it takes long hours to charge and runs out in 160km. They are suitable for urban-use. It is possible to go more than 1000 km with a full tank gas internal combustion engine automobile, but it is not possible to go this much distance with electric engine cars. That’s is why ,bus, track or this kind of vehicles can not be worked with electric or batteried engine system. So, it INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 2 is not so hard to predict that internal combustion engine automobiles will serve humanity for many years.The three more important aspects of internal combustion engines ... ... middle of paper ... ...d. Works Cited 1. (December 2006) ‘Benzinli Motorlar Tarihi’ http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzinli_motor (01.December 2013) 2. Prof.Dr. Uçar, V.(Agust, 2010) 'İçten Yanmalı Motorlarda Çalışma Prensibi', (02.December 2013) 3. MEHDİYEV R.,BAYKA D.,ARSLAN H.,GÜDÜ T.(October, 2005. Page 44) 'Düşük Emisyonlu ve Yüksek Verimli Yeni Bir Kademeli Dolgulu Benzin Motoru', Mühendis ve Makine, TMMOB Makine Mühendisleri Odası, (02.December 2013) 4. Yardım,Muzaffer Hakan,'MOTOR TEKNOLOJİSİ' İstanbul,Nobel Yayın Dağıtım,2012 (04.December 2013) 5. TC. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı,(2011)'MOTORLU ARAÇLAR TEKNOLOJİSİ ‘ (05.December 2013) 6. GÜRBÜZ,Ü.(25. May,2008) 'DIESEL+LPG',SES TV ÖZEL’ (05.December 2013) 7. ERGENÇ A.,YAVAŞLIOL İ., (2010) 'Pompalı Tek Silindirli Dİzel Motorlar', (08.December 2013) 8. SAYGINER O. (November,2013) 'Dizel Motorlarda Turbo Sistemler', (15.December 2013)
The first type of forced induction system is the turbocharger. A turbocharger is essentially the same as a supercharger, except where they get their power from. A turbocharger is powered by exhaust gasses that have been produced by the engine and are forcing their way through the turbofold, or the exhaust manifold that the turbo is housed in. The exhaust gas pushes its way through the turbocharger and hit the turbine wheel. Vehicles that usually find the need for a turbocharger from the factory are four or six cylinder engines. Standard in most European vehicles such as Mercedes, Audi, Volkswagen and Volvo. These cars are known for their small displacement motors, and great gas efficiency, due to this setup...
The Automotive, or electric car industry particularly, comprises all those companies and activities involved in the manufacture of electric motor vehicles (EV), including most components, such as engines, bodies and rechargeable batteries or another energy storage device. The industry’s principal products are passenger automobiles. Despite the fact that the first electric cars were produced in 1880s , the advances in internal combustion engines, especially the electric starter, soon diminished the relative advantages of the electric car and became the dominant design in the market. Due to this the EV was almost a forgotten industry staying in the early stage of development, conforming to less than 1% of the automotive stock
Driven in large part by global initiatives and the potential for stringent regulations, the past decade or two has seen a marked increase in the importance of improvements with respect to environmental standards, including emissions and increases in fuel economy. In 2002, Cummins Emissions Solutions was launched after the need was identified for an emission solution that would help engines meet future regulations. In 2006, Cummins pioneered a hybrid diesel-electric bus which reduced fuel consumption and greenhouse gasses by more than 30 percent and me...
One type of engine is a called a fuel cell. A fuel cell operates like a battery. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or require recharging. It will produce energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied. A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around and electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, generating electricity, water and heat. Hydrogen fuel is used to make all this work. Fuel cell emissions are nothing but water vapor.
4. Exhaust: After the Air/Fuel mix has been burnt, the remaining chemicals in the cylinder (water and CO2 for the most part) must be removed so that fresh air can be brought in. As the piston goes back up after combustion, the exhaust valve opens allowing the exhaust gasses to be released. Ideally an engine takes in air (oxygen and nitrogen) and fuel (hydrocarbons) and produces CO2, H2O, and the N2 just passes through.
Fuel efficiency in automobiles has become a topic of much discussion in recent years in the United States. This is due largely to the environmental devastation that fuel emissions cause, but it is also sparked by the rising fuel costs. Making cars with high fuel efficiency not only saves consumers money, but also will drastically reduce the pollution that is caused by emissions. Today automakers are putting a tremendous amount of effort into making their cars more fuel efficient, both to meet government regulations and to make their car more appealing to the consumer.
The main emmissions of a car engine are nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
The future American commuter will undoubtedly have to transition from the use of fossil fuels to new alternatives due to the diminishing availability of the nation’s oil resources. How will America respond to this upcoming issue? It is difficult to predict which alternative fuel source America will ultimately choose, but with the premier of Nissan’s electric powered Leaf and other companies; such as Tesla Motors and Chevy, with their electric cars ready for market, the electric car may be winning the race to become the new standard for the gasoline alternative. Electric cars resolve long standing environmental issues, but it will need to maneuver around many roadblocks to become a marketable consideration for the general public. The cost of electric cars, currently on the market, makes them an impractical purchase for the average consumer. If cost is not the growing concern in today’s economy which prevents the consumer from considering this option; they may deny the technological advance due to battery storage capabilities and the inadequate infrastructure in place to refuel and provide for them.
The engine block is known to be the largest piece of metal in a car and also one of the most important part of the engine in which all other components such as the cylinders and pistons are fitted into it and also it contains small holes which act as passage for circulating fluid coolant around the engine to regulate/control the engines temperature. The engine block is where the combustion energy is then transmitted to mechanical energy by the rotation of the crank shafts which then cause the up and down rotation of the pistons which drives the propeller/transmission system that moves the car. In previous engine block models of cars, most were made of iron material, but nowadays engine blocks are manufactured from lightweight aluminum alloy materials to reduce the weight of the car which contributes in good performance (This is mainly found in sports cars), also the cars which have aluminum engine blocks consumes less fuel by producing less emission than those which have iron engine blocks .But in general view ,most of the cars use iron engine blocks because they are cheap...
Most people today fill up their car with different qualities of petrol, because that's what the average car takes. They don't usually consider an alternative for the petrol that they load into their cars. Although petrol is widely used, it is not the only source for a car to get its power from; diesel and electricity are alternatives to the general petrol used by most cars. Although different from each other, diesel and electricity are alternatives to the average gasoline received at a gas station. Diesel is a more concentrated type of fuel that is usually used by big automobiles because they require a lot of power in a little amount of time. Electricity is a method that uses the power of batteries to produce a low horsepower but, nevertheless fast automobile. Electric cars are generally created to be soundless and environment friendly. The purpose of this paper is to classify and educate the reader of the different types of fuel available for an automobile to use: petrol, diesel, and electricity. The general petrol, used by most people, is usually the only type of fuel accepted on the average car in the United States today.
The invention of internal combustion engines in the early 19th century has led to the discovery of utilisation of cheap energy that is petroleum and this enabled the world to develop and progress into the modern world today. Humans were able to accomplish more work done with little manual labour, using internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels. Internal combustion engine are mechanical power devices that convert heat energy to mechanical energy with the combustion process taking place in a system boundary (Rolle, 2005). Among the internal combustion engine invented in the 19th century were the Otto engine, Diesel engine and gas turbine engine. Gas turbine engine is one of the popular engines used today due to its high torque per weight ratio relative to other types of internal combustion engines. As explained by Cengel and Boles (2011), the gas turbine engine works on a 6 stages process, namely air intake, compression, fuel injection, combustion, expansion and exhaust (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
The issue of electric car has been arising nowadays. But many of us never really find a true
There is no doubt that electric cars are the most appealing from of transportation in the world. They provide two of the most important key points of good transportation: reliable and efficient. They are reliable due to their simplicity of their power trains and the advancement of technology they have. They are efficient because they don't use any gasoline and because their motors can pass the zero-emission standard. Even though they may seem like a boring form of transportation, they offer good features that help keep the Earth's air clean and they help reduce pollution.
In this case study I will be discussing advantages and disadvantages of electric cars. Electric cars are cars that are powered by electricity. Electric vehicles are an important part of cutting emissions and reducing global warming. The battery of an electric car stores electrical energy. The electric motor is coupled to the wheels through gears; it converts 59-60% of electrical energy into the wheels. The battery runs the motor which allows the car to move. Electric cars are necessary as they will save money, because electricity is cheaper than gas. Also electric vehicles will help reduce global warming and pollution. However, some people say that electric cars still have environmental costs. The electricity used to recharge EV batteries has to come from somewhere in the world, and now, most electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels. Although electric vehicles are classified as green cars, purists will not appreciate the toxicity of the batteries.
In my undergraduate years, I have acquired a strong background in the fundamentals of basic mechanical engineering, having studied subjects such as Strength of Materials, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Design of Machine Elements and Automobile Engineering. Whilst pursuing my diploma & degree courses, my interest for Automotive Engineering grew even more having learnt more on the different types of internal combustion engines, their configuration and importance. However, what I lacked was a practical understanding on these core areas of Automotive Engineering. To gain a better understandi...