TASK 1
P3.1
In this different component of internal combustion engine( as internally combusted gas mixture produce power to run a engine ) are discussed.
Major components in internal combustion engines .
Piston
Piston cylinder crank shaft cam shaft connecting rods input valve output valve spark plug ( petrol/ gasoline engines ) and fuel injector ( diesel engine )
Rocker arm oil filter
PISTON - It is the disc which reciprocate within the cylinder. Its main function is to receive the impulse from the combust gas or expanding gas and to transfer the energy of combust gas to crank shaft through connecting rod which connects the piston and the crankshaft. It also helps to disperse exhaust gas out from cylinder. In two stroke
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Vertically upward force by the crankshaft.
Design constraints for piston ( with great load ) - It should be strengthen to withstand high inertia forces and gas pressures.
Mass should be lesser to to avoid intertia forces .
It should have sufficient bearing area to prevent undue wear.
The dispersion of exhaust gases again cylinder walls should be quick enough.
It should limit the noise of reciprocating even at high speed .
It should be rigidly constructed to withstand thermal and mechanical distortion.
It should provide enough strength to piston pin so that it will not allow the passage of gases and exhaust to mix.
CYLINDER BLOCK
The function of the cylinder is to retain the working fluid or gas mixture and to guide the piston for compression and pull back. generally it is made up of cast iron and cast steel. As the cylinder will be heated so some arrangements are there as air cooling and water cooling. in smaller engines or one cylinder air cooling is done . But for 4 and more cylinders water jackets will be installed around the cylinder for cooling. the cylinder are provided with liners as in the case of wear it will be easily
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There should be gap between inner and outer cylinder.
The length of the cylinder should be 15% of that of the length of the cylinder.
The metal should have high melting point.
Disperse the heat quickly.
Minimum mass ( inertia forces )
Rigid construction ( distortion )
CONNECTING RODS
It acts as the intermediate between piston and crankshaft . Its main function is to transmit the energy. It will transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to crank pin. And reciprocating motion to rotary motion of the crank. it consists of a shank with a small end and the big end. The cross section of the shank may be of rectangular,circular,I-section, 0r H-section.For aircraft piston I- section is taken.
Forces acting on connecting rods ( when great load )
Force due to gas pressures and inertia of reciprocating parts.
Force of inertia of connecting rod ( inertia bending force ).
Force due to friction of the piston ring and of piston.
Force due to friction of piston pin bearing and crank pin bearing. cyclic loading it will have
Design constraints for connecting rod ( when great load
This paper has informed you on multiple parts and operations of 7.3 litre injectors. Listing their parts, both internal and external. How the entire system works as one, and how it makes the engine run. Without fuel of some sort the engine would not run. So with this research paper I hope you have learned something.
A connecting rod is a machine member which is subjected to alternating direct compressive and tensile forces. Since the compressive forces are much higher than the tensile force, therefore the cross-section of the connecting rod is designed as a strut and the Rankine formula is used.
- The plumb bob was used to locate the centre of the trip plate , to
When I get out of high school I want to be a diesel mechanic. A diesel mechanic works on diesel engines, they repair and maintain diesel trucks/automobiles and make sure everything is working right. There are multiple kinds of diesel mechanics such as, Aircraft and Avionics Equipment, Mechanics and Technicians, Heavy Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Service Technicians, and small engine mechanics.
One type of engine is a called a fuel cell. A fuel cell operates like a battery. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or require recharging. It will produce energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied. A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around and electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, generating electricity, water and heat. Hydrogen fuel is used to make all this work. Fuel cell emissions are nothing but water vapor.
4. Exhaust: After the Air/Fuel mix has been burnt, the remaining chemicals in the cylinder (water and CO2 for the most part) must be removed so that fresh air can be brought in. As the piston goes back up after combustion, the exhaust valve opens allowing the exhaust gasses to be released. Ideally an engine takes in air (oxygen and nitrogen) and fuel (hydrocarbons) and produces CO2, H2O, and the N2 just passes through.
is a set of O-rings that make a seal around the booster. Around the O-rings
The mid review draft report outlines the nature of business of the client, the literature review, the problem definition and research methodology, analysis and interpretation proposed to be used in the research done during the primary research phase.
into the combustion chambers is that it allows your engine to burn more fuel per power
The main emmissions of a car engine are nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
“…Man skilled in all ways of contending, the wanderer, harried for years on end, after he plundered the strong hold of the proud height of Troy.” In this quote from The Odyssey translated by Robert Fitzgerald (page 1045) Odysseus’s strenuous journey home to Ithaca is addressed. Plundered is a term often used in texts with older settings; meaning to take goods by force. In The Odyssey, Odysseus is faced with many trials before he returns to Ithaca. Once of these trials occurs in the Land of the Dead; Odysseus meets three ghosts and reveals certain aspects of his character that were not formerly shown.
is connected to a shaft, which spins a disc. The disc has holes in it
This along with the lighter construction of a two-stroke makes it the preferred motor used in small vehicles and tools (Two Stroke Engine). A two-stroke engine is operated by first drawing the mixture of fuel and air into the chamber by the vacuum caused by the upward stroke of the piston. During the downward piston stroke, the poppet valve is forced closed due to the increased pressure within the chamber. The mixture is compressed in the chamber throughout the stroke. As the stroke ends, the intake port is exposed allowing the mixture to escape into the main cylinder, expelling the exhaust gasses in the process and some of the fuel mixture as well. Momentum then causes the piston to rise, compressing the mixture as another stroke is beginning. Once the stroke reaches its peak, the spark plug will ignite the mixture causing the fuel to expand driving the piston down thus completing the cycle while additionally initiating a new
The invention of internal combustion engines in the early 19th century has led to the discovery of utilisation of cheap energy that is petroleum and this enabled the world to develop and progress into the modern world today. Humans were able to accomplish more work done with little manual labour, using internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels. Internal combustion engine are mechanical power devices that convert heat energy to mechanical energy with the combustion process taking place in a system boundary (Rolle, 2005). Among the internal combustion engine invented in the 19th century were the Otto engine, Diesel engine and gas turbine engine. Gas turbine engine is one of the popular engines used today due to its high torque per weight ratio relative to other types of internal combustion engines. As explained by Cengel and Boles (2011), the gas turbine engine works on a 6 stages process, namely air intake, compression, fuel injection, combustion, expansion and exhaust (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
• Pipeline: pipeline transports unrefined petroleum and characteristic gas from oil fields to refineries and afterward to the core of the dial.