The framers of the U.S. constitution envisioned a balance on government power by granting citizens the right to participate and protest against government to change something or support it. This freedom that all Americans can enjoy to organize and express their view has given rise to the formation of numerous group of people with similar interest. An Interest group is a group of people that make policy related appeals to government to influence government policies and programs. Interest groups are sometimes referred to as “lobbies” (Interest Groups 245). Additionally, an Interest group allows citizens to participate in politics and raise their voices for policies that they care about all the time. Interest groups plays critical role in the democracy by representing the issues of citizens, educating them, and by allowing them to participate in American politics. …show more content…
In American Politics, Interest groups play an essential role in influencing public opinion and the political process. Interest groups tries to gain significant influence by lobbying, mobilizing public opinion, using the courts, and using electoral politics. As Congress is an important representative in American government, Interest groups influence political process using numerous strategies. Interest groups target members of Congress and influence them through the media and constituents. They exercise direct “lobbying” (a strategy by which Interest groups seeks to influence the passage of legislation by exerting pressure on members of legislature) and develop personal contacts with congressional staff to logroll. For example, an environmental group such as the Sierra Club influence democratic politics by supporting candidates who they believe share their environmental views and made suggestions to agencies for policy of group interest (Interest Groups 256). Thus, all powerful Interest groups can affect government policies to benefit themselves or to support their own policies. Interest groups can also shape public opinion by increasing public awareness about the issues and supporting them to make their concerns known around the country. They tends to connect directly with people in order to mobilize the widest and favorable opinion. Many groups does institutional advertising, which help them to create and maintain a strong positive public image in the hope of drawing these promising feelings as needed. Additionally, they grabs public attention by mass rallies, sit-ins, boycotts, and marches. For this paper, I have chosen AFL-CIO and AARP group because they are the largest and most active groups in the U.S. As I do not belong to any interest group, I wanted to know how they were successful in recruiting million members, and mobilizing them for political action. Lastly, I wanted to explore the facts and their role in American Politics. In American Politics, the variation of interest among citizens has led to the formation of different kinds of interest groups such as Labor union groups, agriculture groups, religious groups, public interest groups and many others. Many of these groups promote the welfare and influence policies of their interest. For instance, AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that helps senior citizens to turn their goals into real possibilities, strengthens communities, and fights for the issues that matter most to families such as healthcare, employment security and retirement planning (“AARP's Mission”). The AARP is also one of the largest group in the country, which has been extremely successful in recruiting members and mobilizing them for a political action (Interest Groups 253). AARP was founded in 1958 by Ethel Percy Andrus, to find an affordable health care for herself and thousands of the National Retired Teachers Association. AARP began as an organization to provide affordable health care rather than an organization to influence public policy (Interest Groups 253). Today, AARP is a large and powerful organization with 39 million members and an annual budget of over one billion dollars. While, AARP tend to have positive public image of providing healthy and prosperous life to seniors, they aren’t actually a citizen’s advocacy group. The AARP has been attracting millions of people by tempting them for tangible benefits and thereby it has formed a powerful group. Therefore, by attracting millions of people and influencing them AARP seem to acquire political power. By forming elderly group, the AARP receives benefits at the expenses of social goals which might be more important for young generation for education and job opportunities. According to Forbes, “In 2011, the AARP generated $458 million in royalty fees from so-called “Medigap” plans, nearly twice the $266 million the lobby receives in membership dues” (“How the AARP”). Thus, AARP actions of exercising of lobbying and multibillion dollar conflict of interest appears to disturb our democracy. Another major Interest group in the U.S. is AFL-CIO (The American Federation of Labor Congress of Industrial Organizations). AFL-CIO is cooperation of labor unions. It is an organization for working people of America. It contributes in improving the lives of working families, bringing fairness, and dignity to the workplace and securing social equity in the Nation. It supports people who want join together in unions so they can bargain collectively with their employers for better working conditions, wages, equal opportunities, and benefits. It also operate the largest training network outside the U.S. military that help working people to acquire valuable skills for jobs. Furthermore, they provide an independent voice in politics and the legislation for working women and men and make their voices heard in the White House, corporate boardrooms and the financial system (AFLCIO). The AFL-CIO was created in 1955 by Merger of AFL and CIO.
From the earliest days of the American colonies, when apprentice laborers in Charleston, S.C., went on strike for better pay in the 1700s to today’s world working people in America have come together to improve their lives on and off the job. Today, AFL-CIO represent 12.5 million working people including teachers, doctors, engineers, car-washers, nannies, plumbers, and many more. They brought workplace rights and protections like the eight-hour a day and laws protecting safety and health on the job. However, this can also results in deprived industrial development because of higher demands of AFL-CIO for labors, which can hurt the economy of the country. According to the Orlando Sentinel, the AFL-CIO group endorsed Barack Obama for president, uniting the nation's 15 million union workers behind the Illinois senator… its 56 unions can spend some of its $200 million war chest on his campaign (“AFL-CIO”). This represent that this type of groups can drifts members and public opinion towards presidential candidates, which can have a huge impact on
elections. Interest groups strives to bring new issues in the political limelight. They are given importance by the members of Congress because they can mobilize constituents, serve s watchdogs on congressional action, and supply candidate with money (we the people 293). As, Interest groups have an important influence on congressional policies their actions can either hinder or support our democracy. Interest Groups were brought into system by James Madison so that no single Interest dominate the others. Unfortunately, they are now a form of political competition best suited to wealthy and powerful. In the realm of group politics, liberty seems inconsistent with equality (Interest Groups 264). Even though Interest groups promote public concerns, they mostly represent selfish interest. In near future, I think the competition among organized groups will disturb the checks and balance system leading to poor democracy. All in all, the elitist quality of group often appears to be inconsistent with our democracy.
Essentially, interest groups use many different tactics to accomplish their central goals but this paper will detail 2 of them. The first being lobbying, which is the act of persuading businesses as well as government leaders to help a specific organization by changing laws or creating events in favor of that group. Interest groups use this technique by hiring someone to represent them and advocate their cause to on the behalf of the entire group. These hired representatives usually have more than enough experience within the political field and are able to persuade connections within the government for help with their concerns. This method gets a lot of criticism because although lobbyist offer their input to government officials on pending laws, they only look at what is favorable for their cause. When trying to make a difference you have to not only reflect on your argument but on the side affects of that argument as
Modern democratic ideas were sprouting in America, especially within the organized labor movement from 1875 to 1900. During this period, blue-collar industrial Americans sought to abate their plight through the formal use of collective bargaining and the voice of the masses; seeking to use their strength in numbers against the pocket-heavy trusts. America’s rise in unions can be traced back to 1792, when workers in Philadelphia formed America’s first union, which instituted the avant-garde method of collective bargaining. It is because of these grass roots that America’s organized labor has continued to grow to this day, however unchallenged. The challenges unions face today stem directly from the challenges faced in 1875.
The Industrial Revolution that took place after the Civil War made for a more economically sound country. American workers, however, were becoming more and more dependent upon their wages; a fear of unemployment also stemmed from this. Workers didn’t share in the benefits that their employers reaped. In a chart representing the hours and wages of industrial workers, from 1875 to 1891, it shows that even though their wages were subtly increasing, their 10-hour work day remained the same (Doc. A). Factories were headed by large corporations; this, in turn, meant that new machines lessened the amount of workers in certain fields. As a result of these unsuitable conditions, labor unions were formed. The challenges that these unions faced weren’t easy. If the workers involved in organized labor got too far out of line, these corporations could get federal authorities involved. Moreover, these companies could enforce “ironclad oaths” upon their employees. In a Western Union Telegraph Company employee contract, in 1883, it states that the employee will not be affiliated with any societies or organizations (Doc. E). Despite such setbacks, by 1872 there were over 32 national unions.
Domhoff discusses the prevalence of labor unions in the New Deal era. In fact, by 1945, with the help of the liberal-labor alliances, union membership had increased five-fold to fifteen million in that past decade (pg. 172). However, after 1945, the liberal-labor alliances never saw a victory against corporate conservatives. Because of the corporate world’s domination of policy implementation, politicians rules time and again against labor unions because it works in corporate America’s favor. Labor unions serve as many working class Americans’ avenue into the political sphere; denying them a right to unionize is not only a fundamental violation of free speech but also morally and ethically wrong. Overall, Domhoff’s critique of wealthy politicians (primarily Republicans) is merited considering he argues empirically with statistics supporting extremely skewed voting trends against unions. Additionally, Domhoff’s argument exudes sympathy toward those less fortunate; I share Domhoff’s sentiment that is imperative we promote equality amongst classes, one way in which we should do so is through advocacy of labor
Interest groups, lobbyists, large corporations, and PACs try to influence the congressional committees' bills so they can have a say in the legislative process. When an interest group hears about a bill that is being debated on in a committee, they try to influence a members vote and they try to get a part of the bill changed. For example, a lobbyist came to me on a bill I proposed on making health care plans have no minimum requirement on benefits the company gives to its patients. He told me about how he did not get the right treatments and tests done on diseases he has and now is suffering badly from them. It was because the health plan did not have to give him anything extra. He changed my mind on the bill, and I changed the bill to setting a minimum standard on benefits given to patients.
Throughout the history of the United States of America the continuation of misfortunes for the workforce has aggravated people to their apex, eventually leading to the development of labor unions.
Unions have an extensive history of standing up for workers. They have advocated rights of steelworkers, coal miners, clothing factory employees, teachers, health care workers, and many others. The labor movement is based on the idea that organized workers as a group have more power than individuals would have on their own. The key purpose of any union is to negotiate contracts, making sure workers are respected and fairly compensated for their work. “In theory” unions are democratic organizations, resulting in varying inner authority. Workers look for security within a job a...
Beginning in the late 1700’s and growing rapidly even today, labor unions form the backbone for the American workforce and continue to fight for the common interests of workers around the country. As we look at the history of these unions, we see powerful individuals such as Terrence Powderly, Samuel Gompers, and Eugene Debs rise up as leaders in a newfound movement that protected the rights of the common worker and ensured better wages, more reasonable hours, and safer working conditions for those people (History). The rise of these labor unions also warranted new legislation that would protect against child labor in factories and give health benefits to workers who were either retired or injured, but everyone was not on board with the idea of foundations working to protect the interests of the common worker. Conflict with their industries lead to many strikes across the country in the coal, steel, and railroad industries, and several of these would ultimately end up leading to bloodshed. However, the existence of labor unions in the United States and their influence on their respective industries still resonates today, and many of our modern ideals that we have today carry over from what these labor unions fought for during through the Industrial Revolution.
The paper will discuss minicases on ‘The White-Collar Union Organizer’ and ‘The Frustrated Labor Historians’ by Arthur A. Sloane and Fred Witney (2010), to understand the issues unions undergo in the marketplace. There is no predetermined statistical number reported of union memberships in this country. However, “the United Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) excludes almost 2 million U.S wages and salary employees, over half of whom are employed in the public sector, who are represented at their workplaces by a union but are not union members. Not being required to join a union as a condition of continued employment, these employees have for a variety of reasons chosen not to do so. Nor do the BLS estimates include union members who are currently unemployed” (Sloane & Witney, 2010, p.5). Given this important information, the examination of these minicases will provide answers to the problems unions face in organizational settings.
These pluralistic interest groups are free to operate and lobby in the political arena, fighting against the majority and other competing factions for voice in Congress. With the influence of multiple factions operating throughout the political system, a balance of power is created (Kernell 2000, 429). This is much like the international theory of sovereign states balancing each other’s power to create a political system that focuses on stability, yet is always in a constant flux of power. With this in mind, special interest groups are constantly contending for power by raising money, campaigning, and lobbying in Congress. When a special interest group is threatened by a competing policy, the group will organize efforts to balance, or transcend the power of the competing group.
The AFL--CIO was now the nation's dominant labor organization, but this achievement was already being undermined by changes in the American economy and work force--most notably, the growing loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector where unions had been strongest.
Labor unions have been in America for a very long time. There are many unions in a myriad of different fields. Labor unions were and are used to allow for equal treatment of workers. Employers always want to maximize their profits and they try to give the least to get the most in return. For reasons such as this is why unions were formed. Generally a union boss is appointed or hired to protect the rights and privileges of the employees. The union boss is generally very representative of the demographics of the workers. The leader of the employees needs to know what they want and what is fair for them and this is why he tends to represent one type of work force, such as the teachers union. This type of representation is made easier when most of the workers come from the same background. Background meaning family size, education, race, etc. Labor unions have helped shape the American work force, as have the backgrounds of the men and women who have worked in them. America was founded on diversity and the freedom to choose. Many different backgrounds have found their way into America and labor unions. As stated earlier, labor unions have people of the same background in them. America’s first settlers were generally of the same background and because of that, so were the members of the first labor unions. As the United States expanded so did the work force and the diversity in it. Diversity and understanding the challenges and benefits is what enables America to be great. In the pages of this paper we are going to look at the change in the make-up of labor unions by the entrance of African-Americans and how they have influenced America and the labor unions for the better. This paper is and expansions on my paper “A Shield Against the Power of Industrial Capitalism”.
Throughout American history, labor unions have served to facilitate mediation between workers and employers. Workers seek to negotiate with employers for more control over their labor and its fruits. “A labor union can best be defined as an organization that exists for the purpose of representing its members to their employers regarding wages and terms and conditions of employment” (Hunter). Labor unions’ principal objectives are to increase wages, shorten work days, achieve greater benefits, and improve working conditions. Despite these goals, the early years of union formation were characterized by difficulties (Hunter).
Do they play an important role in our democracy since they claim that they represent many people? There has been a continuing debate over the proper role of interest groups in the United States democracy. Interest groups are organized group of individuals who share the same ideas and their main goal is to influence media, lawmakers, and people with their ideas. On one hand, interest groups members and their leaders assert that they offer crucial information and services to the lawmakers and that lawmakers aren’t experts regarding every bill proposed