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Good and evil in the history of literature
Essay on the myth of sisyphus
Myth of sisyphus and lesson in absurdity
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Recommended: Good and evil in the history of literature
Furthermore, when people believe life to be worthless, they start to question their existence leading to insanity. Albert Camus was someone who believed absurdity to be a sensation which had the ability to seize anyone. His belief trusted consciousness to be the key to absurdity. Camus wrote a short story called The Myth of Sisyphus, which told the story of a young man, Sisyphus, who received a severe punishment due to his committed crimes of murder, rape, and theft. “His scorn of the God, his hatred of death, and his passion for life won him that unspeakable penalty in which the whole being is exerted toward accomplishing nothing” (Camus). His penalty consisted of rolling the stone up the hill each time it rolled down, and doing that continuously …show more content…
As assumed by the title, there are two men named Estragon and Vladimir, who are waiting for a man named Godot to come and meet them. They speak on various topics to distract themselves and even debate whether they are standing in the correct spot to meet him. Estragon captures his eyes on a location and says, “charming spot, let’s go.”, but Vladimir says they can’t, and Estragon asks why not, and Vladimir reminds him, “we are waiting for Godot” (Beckett 10). The confusion becomes part of their daily life, contemplating on every matter that comes their way. While waiting and waiting they came across a man and his slave, Pozzo and Lucky. They came and distracted Estragon and Vladimir for a while, but eventually left to go their own separate way. Estragon and Vladimir planned, wished, and tried their best to divert their attention from waiting to something more intriguing, no matter how absurd it may sound. “We are happy. So, what do we do now that we are happy?”, says Estragon (Beckett 39). Vladimir responds saying, “wait for Godot” (Beckett 39). They can’t find a meaning to the word contentment itself. No matter how much force they use to create a new atmosphere, they fail miserably each
In the essay The Myth of Sisyphus, Albert Camus attempts to give answers to some tough questions. He wants to know if life is worth living or how we can make it worth living, as well as whether or not it is possible to live with certainty. To him, the absurd man realizes that life is absurd after his expectations are repeatedly contradicted and he realizes the world is an unreasonable place that cannot be explained. These unreasonable expectations of certainty ultimately cause many absurd men to think that life is not worth living when they are faced with what they feel is a hopeless situation. Camus offers an alternative to the problem the absurd man faces and it is not suicide or “Philosophical suicide”. Other philosophers commit philosophical suicide by suggesting that there is enough evidence, whatever it maybe, that one should survive on hope alone or make some leap. But Camus thinks that if a person is honest and truthful to themselves that they know they are nothing more than “a stranger” in this world. So how does one live a life worth living when faced with absurdity?
However, he provides an alternative more substantial solution in such a way that does not let the universe triumph. What one must do to overcome this absurdity to is to be scornful of the fact that the universe has created such an individual with the ability to contemplate on his or her own existence. Suicide is an option that takes the easy route out of this absurdity, implicating the difficulty of life is too much to handle. Camus acknowledges his conscious and revolts, or becomes scornful of that fact, and refuses the option of suicide. By choosing to embrace the absurdity of the meaningless of one’s own existence, then freedom to create your own meaning and purpose is
“I plead guilty by reason of insanity,” is Hamlet’s plea if he was sitting in a modern courtroom. In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, it is evident that Hamlet himself is indeed out of his mind. The reader understands the reason for his anger and frustration, but how he “fixes” the situation is beyond a sane mind. To be fair, his madness deals more with emotional instability referred to as melancholy or madness than a person who is incoherent. Hamlet’s madness becomes clear in his actions and thoughts, in his erratic relationship with Ophelia, and in the murder of Polonius.
If we know our fate, do our lives hold meaning? Meursault remarks, “Nothing, nothing mattered, and I know why.” He knows he will be executed by a society in which he cannot exist, but he resigns and thereby assures himself that the middle is meaningless. Before his arrest, he knew he would die. Perhaps this knowledge justifies his living moment to moment. His statement compares to Beckett’s Vladimir when he laments, “Nothing happens, nobody comes, nobody goes, it is awful!” Both Meursault and Vladimir understand their insurmountable fate, but Meursault desires to confront it. This reveals Meursault to have the heroic qualities of Sisyphus. So, what Vladimir recognizes, Meursault confronts, and Sisyphus transcends. Sisyphus conquers his fate in spite of his immortality.
Insanity rises in a person when something depressing happens to them because it destroys them mentally and physically. In Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, Hamlet’s insanity becomes known when he starts going through troublesome times. Hamlet’s father, which is known as Old Hamlet, was the previous king before he was unexpectedly murdered. Hamlet’s Uncle became king and also married his mother Gertrude which is what hamlet did not like. Also, in the book Hamlet was in the woods with two acquaintance and they came across the ghost of Old Hamlet to when he described to Hamlet that his brother Claudius killed him for power and also for his wife. In Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses word choice and symbolism to display hamlet as an insane character
In ‘Waiting for Godot’, we know little concerning the protagonists, indeed from their comments they appear to know little about themselves and seem bewildered and confused as to the extent of their existence. Their situation is obscure and Vladimir and Estragon spend the day (representative of their lives) waiting for the mysterious Godot, interacting with each other with quick and short speech.
Albert Camus was an existentialist. He was also not a religious person and even though he was born and raised a Catholic; he soon quit his religious faith and turned into an atheist, believing that religion was “philosophical suicide”. He described his attitude toward religion in the lines “I would rather live my life as if there is a God and die to find out there isn't, than live my life as if there isn't and die to find out there is.” Yet, it is seen that even though he denied being an existentialist, he is seen to have ‘brooded over such questions as the meaning of life in the face of death.’ “Men are convinced of your arguments, your sincerity, and the seriousness of your efforts only by your death.” This quote shows that Camus believed death was what created people in society and brought their life into the spotlight.
... reminisce about the past, “Estragon: …I sometimes wonder if we wouldn’t have been better off alone, each one for himself. We weren’t made for the same road. Vladimir: It’s not certain” (Beckett Act 2 36). Vladimir and Estragon could not have survived without each other’s presence, but they have also not found themselves. Meursault is very certain in the person he is, but Vladimir and Estragon are still searching for themselves. Vladimir and Estragon do not try and find themselves in their own personal choices, since the only choice they make in their life is to wait for Godot. Vladimir and Estragon wait for Godot (God) to give them a purpose or role in their life. Unlike Meursault who has his own beliefs, Vladimir and Estragon are incapable of finding any truth on their own.
But "at the same time [he wanted] to extend [his] interpretation to the notion of existence in general" (Bree, 1964:128). Camus' interpretation of existence is revealed in his philosophical essay The Myth of Sisyphus in which he discusses the absurd and its consequences, revolt, freedom and passion. Some interesting connections can be made between the philosophical discussion in The Myth of Sisyphus and the existential themes found in The Plague. In The Myth, Camus outlines his notion of the absurd and its consequences; in The Plague he brings his philosophy to life. This tale of life and death is told by Dr. Rieux, who maintains that his "business is only to say 'this is what happened', when he knows that it actually did happen, [and] that it closely affected the life of a whole populace [.]" (Camus, The Plague, p.7).
Dependency can be easily seen within Waiting for Godot as the two protagonists Vladimir and Estragon are within each other’s company throughout the play. When Estragon attempts to sleep as the duo waits for Godot, he has a nightmare and Vladimir runs to help him. In effort to comfort Estragon, who was going into hysterics, Vladimir says, “There…there…Didi is there…don’t be afraid…There…there…it’s all over…” (Beckett 79). This interaction between them expounds on Estragon’s reliance on Vladimir. Estragon has a more fragile mental physique then Vladimir and needs Vladimir’s reassurance in order to know his dream was not reality. On the other hand, Vladimir would have a sunny disposition without Estragon, as Estragon is the friend he relies on for his own mental health as Estragon is the anchor that holds Vladimir to society and life. The two often quarrel in verbal exchanges howeve...
Vladimir and Estragon live their lives around the anticipation they feel for Godot's arrival. Their strong eagerness to meet Godot creates the basis of their decision-making in life. Vladimir and Estragon are determined to meet Godot. They will not leave even when they become anxious to do something else. Godot gives them purpose. Without their belief in Godot, their every day actions would have no meaning because they would lead to nothing. Because they are waiting for Godot, they have motivation behind each thing they do. Vladimir and Estragon are united by their belief in Godot, thus they stay together to wait for him.
The theme of the play Waiting for Godot is better interpreted after considering the background of the time it was written. Beckett reflected the prevailing mindset and conditions of the people living after World War II into this story of Vladimir and Estragon, both waiting hopelessly for a mysterious 'Godot', who seems to hold their future and their life in his hands. Beckett himself was...
Albert Camus considers absurdity to be a fight, a force pushing between our mind’s desire to have meaning and understanding and the blank empty world beyond. In argument with Nagel, Camus stated “I said that the world is absurd, but I was too hasty. This world in itself is not reasonable, that is all that can be said. But what is absurd is the confrontation of this irrational and the wild longing for clarity whose call echoes in the human heart. The absurd depends as much on man as on the world.”[1] He continues that there are specific human experiences evoking notions of absurdity. Such a realization or encounter with the absurd leaves the individual with a choice: suicide, a leap of faith, or recognition. He concludes that recognition, or realization, is the only defensible option.[2]The realization that life is absurd and cannot be an end, but only a beginning. This is a truth nearly all great minds have taken as their starting point. It is not this discovery that is interesting, but the consequences and rules of action drawn from it.[3]
Human life is absurd and there is no universal meaning, but humanity suffers from this inevitable fact so they try to find meaning through various created purposes to feel significant in their life. The absurdity of life is one of the biggest issues of philosophy because of the consequences it can cause in peoples lives. As human beings we desire purpose, meaning and order in life. Without the content of a meaningful life we feel lost and strive to find something that gives us meaning. We are all suffering from this unattainable goal to find a meaningful life. Albert Camus and Thomas Nagel agree with the fact that life is absurd but disagree on the right approach to life after realizing that life is without meaning.
Although Samuel Beckett's tragicomedy, Waiting for Godot, has no definite meaning or interpretation, the play acts as a statement of hopelessness regarding human existence. Debate surrounds the play because, due to its simplicity, almost any interpretation is valid. The main characters, Vladimir and Estragon, are aging men who must wait for a person, being, or object named Godot, but this entity never appears to grace the men with this presence. Both characters essentially demonstrate how one must go through life when hope is nonexistent as they pointlessly attempt to entertain themselves with glum conversation in front of a solitary tree. The Theater of the Absurd, a prevalent movement associated with Waiting for Godot, serves as the basis for the message of hopelessness in his main characters. Samuel Beckett's iconic Waiting for Godot and his perception of the characteristics and influence of the Theater of the Absurd illustrate the pointlessness and hopelessness regarding existence. In the play, boredom is mistaken for hopelessness because the men have nothing to do, as they attempt to occupy themselves as, for some reason, they need to wait for Godot. No hope is present throughout the two-act play with little for Estragon and Vladimir to occupy their time while they, as the title indicates, wait for Godot.