Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the term for a group of chronic conditions affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The etiology of IBD is still unclear and presumed to result from a complex interaction among genetic factors and develop an abnormal immune response following an environmental insult affecting the intestinal mucosa (Abimosleh et al, 2012). UC is believed to be a Type 2 T-helper cell (Th2) immune response, leading to increased pro-inflammatory cytokines production including Interleukin-5 (IL-5). UC is restricted to the colon, beginning in the rectum and spreads proximally, dependent upon disease severity (Papadakis and Targan, 2000). IBD is characterised by inflammation, …show more content…
Consequently, chronic UC patients have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). There are no truly effective treatments for UC at the present. Accordingly, the risk of developing CRC remains high. Thus, the development of novel treatment approaches for this disorder is required to attenuate the inflammatory response, prevent mucosal damage and facilitate mucosal healing (Abimosleh et al, 2012). Emu oil (EO) is derived from the subcutaneous and retroperitoneal of adipose tissue of the emu. It has been widely used as an Aboriginal medicine in Australia and white settlers for wound healing, to provide pain relief and for the treatment of arthritis (Whitehouse et al, 1998; Abimosleh et al, 2012). Recently, it was found that EO rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may have potent anti-inflammatory properties . EO is composed of predominantly fatty acids (FA), with a lipid content of 98.8% for the subcutaneous adipose tissue and 98.0% for the retroperitoneal adipose tissue. In the FA compositions, there is approximately 42% of oleic …show more content…
To create a chronic inflammatory state, DSS, an agent with direct toxic effects on the colonic epithelium will be administered in drinking water to mice in multiple cycles. With sufficient duration, some of these mice will develop tumors. Tumor development is hastened in this model if administered in a pro-carcinogenic setting. These include mice pre-treated with genotoxic agent (azoxymethane [AOM]). The combination of DSS with AOM as a model for colitis associated cancer has gained popularity for its reproducibility, potency, low price, and ease of use. Mice injected with AOM and subsequently treated with DSS develop adequate tumors in as little as 7-10 weeks (Thaker et al, 2012). Hence, we use both AOM and DSS in our study. Then, EO will be orally-administered into the mouse model to test the production of mucin from the goblet cells in proximal colon and compared to the disease control. The production of mucin is crucial in protecting the intestinal barrier function from
in the upper GI tract. Gastric and duodenal ulcers can also result from Crohn’s disease and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). The patient does not report a history of Crohn’s disease nor is he symptomatic for it. His symptoms do not indicate (ZES). ZES is a hyper secretory gastric acid disorder that results in multiple peptic ulcers, kidney stones, watery diarrhea and malabsorption.
In this experiment, both BALB/c and C3H mice are induced with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). The inflammation is caused by the administration of dextran sodium sulphate to the drinking water of the mice. While azoxymethane induction plays a role in the development to colon cancer. In this project, the development of colon cancer through the inflammation pathway is being researched. The process first starts with the of inflammation foci. Over time, it develops into hyperplasia due to the increasing capacity of cell proliferation.
(What is....2016). The first documented case of Crohn’s disease suspected was King Alfred in 850 A.D. This disease is named after a Jewish man named Dr. Burrill Bernard Crohn (1884-1983) who became interested in the condition as his father, also a Dr, suffered from a disorder of the bowel. He devoted his career to “regional enteritis” the disease that now bares his name. It is necessary to understand the disease to be able to provide care for people who are afflicted by it (de Campos and Kotze 2013). Especially since Crohn’s is a chronic disease or a lifelong affliction it’s important to understand etiology, it’s symptoms, treatments, and to maintain the disease and the psychological well being of the patient managed (Crohn’s...2015).
The purpose of this report is to explore the controversial dispute between the quality of two different forms of fish oil supplementation; Triglyceride (TG) and Ethyl Ester (EE). Fish oil can be implemented into a diet by eating either fish or taking supplements. Fish oil is extracted from selected fish that contain highly beneficial healthy oils known as omega-3 fatty acids, two of the most important omega-3 fatty acids that are found in fish oil are Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). Some of these fish that contain healthy omega-3 fatty acids include Tuna, Salmon, Mackerel, Herring, Anchovy’s etc. Fish oil supplementation also often contains small amounts of vitamin E to prevent spoilage and is can be combined with various other minerals and vitamins. There is an array of benefits that are involved when implementing fish oil into a diet; although it’s most common association is that it has been linked to slightly lowering blood pressure or triglyceride levels (fats linked to cholesterol). Although fish oil is recommended for persons with high blood pressure, it’s extremely important to remember that it is only to be taken at recommended dosages as it can ironically increase the chances of stroke when overdosing on the supplement. The scope of this report includes a general comparison between TG and EE fish oil supplements and how they are chemically differentiated, with a focus on how the quality of the two forms of supplement are processed. This report will not focus on other forms of fish oil sources and the impact it might have on irreversible factors such as age, gender, genetics, race/culture or environmental conditions.
14. Erucic acid is a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid. Like oleic acid, it suppresses the creation of VLCFSAs, but is much more
Celiac Disease is an inflammatory disease that destroys the lining of the small intestines and prevents the absorption of nutrients and vitamins into the system. The patients' health suffers; their digestive system is unable to process gluten foods that contain wheat, barley, and oats. The cause of this disease is unknown; however, environmental factors and a genetic predisposition are suspected.
What is Crohn’s Disease – Aimee Rouski Inspired Published on June 5, 2016 in Health What is Crohn’s Disease? See the recent post by Aimee Rouski on Facebook. I became curious about Crohn’s Disease.
Researchers think that this immune system response may be triggered by bacteria or viruses, material in the intestinal contents, or a defective signal from the body’s own cells, called an autoimmune response. Inflammation results in pain, heat, redness, and swelling of the tissue. Chronic inflammation can harm the function of tissues and organs (U.S. News, 2009). Crohn’s disease also appears to affect certain ethnic groups more than others. American Jews of European descent are four to five times more likely to de... ...
"Red meat and colon cancer." Harvard Health Publications. Harvard, Mar. 2008. Web. 1 Apr. 2014.
Wakefield, A. J., Murch, S. H., Anthony, M. A., Linnell, J., Casson, D. M., Malik, M., Berelowitz, M., Dhillon, A. P., Thomson, M. A., Harvey, P., Valentine, A., Davies, S. E., & Walker-Smith, J. A. (1998). Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet, 351(9103), 637–641.
Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis are both in a category of diseases called Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. This is a classification of disease in which inflammation forms in a part of the digestive tract, known as the gastrointestinal tract or GI tract, of the patient. The immune system then treats this area of inflammation as a foreign pathogen and attacks it. The causes of both of these diseases are currently unknown to the medical world.
Li, Y., Wicha, M. S., Schwartz, S. J., & Sun, D. (2011, February 4). Implications of Cancer Stem Cell Theory for Cancer Chemoprevention by Natural Dietary Compounds. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3248810/
“When the finely tuned zonulin pathway is deregulated in genetically susceptible individuals, both intestinal and extraintestinal autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders can occur.”
Inflammatory bowel disease is a life long disease, and it particularly targets the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), which consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach small intestine, large intestine (appendix, cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid), and rectum), and anus. The gastrointestinal tract is very important to the human body; some of its functions include mechanical and chemical digestion of food, the movement of food and waste from mouth to anus, secretion of enzymes and mucus, and the absorption of nutrients. These are some reason why it’s so destructive when this part of the body becomes impaired or even damaged.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014. Web. 20 May 2014.