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Social stratification
Social stratification of modern societies
Social stratification
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We live in a world in which the term “equality” is not actually a thing one can fully confirm or rely on. Social differences do exist in a variety of ways that make individuals dream or think of capabilities and success as involuntary things, instead of earned and rewarded approaches. The differences between individuals, families or groups create a gap in the social structure of a country. Indeed, it is not the different statuses that make people unequal, but the way an individual reach a certain level or position is actually the real matter. Also, inequality is present in nearly all over the world; this affects individuals and societies in ways that create controversy among countries. To illustrate, in a meritocratic system, society would allow individuals to thrive and success according to the abilities, skills and hard work they acquire, such a system would be present in an ideal world; however this is not the issue. Nearly all countries in the world cannot be described as meritocratic. Meritocracy refers to the idea that individuals are given equal chances to pursue and reach their goals without any restrain or obligations based on gender, race or class (Superle, 2014). Individuals’ success in a meritocratic society is not based on one's inherited social class, power or wealth, but on one’s achievements (Superle, 2014). So, in a meritocratic country, one’s success will be fully based on his/her merit. The Canadian society cannot be described as meritocratic for several reasons. For some individuals, a meritocratic system would be very helpful and fair in achieving goals and objectives. …show more content…
Stereotypes could put students under pressure and affect their scores on standardized tests marks. Also, not having enough resources would affect students’ performances and grade. With these facts being considered, it seems that Canada is not a meritocratic country, as most sociologists
Arguments about fairness and justice have been up for debate for centuries. "What do we deserve?", a question that has many individuals raising their brows to their efforts in their pursuit to achieve their goals. If it is said that we are all placed on an equal standard why are there individuals struggling to stay afloat? In Arora’s essay, he examines three forms of economic modals of social justices that question that idea of why the prosperous or the impecunious "deserve" their position or stature in life. Out of all of Arora's economic modals that he presents the Meritocratic System is the fairest because it gives everyone a fighting chance.
America has forever long been looked upon as the land of opportunity, yet for just as long struggled with the actual attainment of equal opportunity by all of its citizens. The lines of this inequality have b...
(Listen first, then questions) Yes, it is true that most of Canada does have excellent schools, colleges that highly excel in a certain subject, gifted schools, and learning institutions, but our educational standards are not set as high as other countries. For example, in some countries,
Inequality in Canada is a growing problem. As income rises for the rich and remains the same for the poor, a gap is forming between Canada’s highest and lowest earners. This gap has sparked outrage by some, resulting in the Occupy Movement, and apathy in others. However, it can indeed be said that in Canada “the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer.”
Canada is a fair and Open society in which any talented person can succeed, Canada’s cultural Values seem to be open towards women and other traditionally under represented group entering politics but this still dwells on the traditional role of what constitute a good leadership style (Bashevkin S, Pg.22). In an open system like Canada, inequalities are common and measured in three dist...
Before a person is well recognized in society, they need to go though a lot of trouble, discrimination, and change to get there. No one judges them by their individual merit. This also applies to countries. The government of a country is always trying to get themselves in a higher position around the globe. This is done so they are well established for their good qualities. Canada is also a name in the list of such nations. Recognition was really hard for Canada to get because of the fact that it is one of the younger countries. Over the years, Canada has really shaped as a nation politically, economically, and socially. These three factors have affected the nations past, affecting the present, and will definitely affect the future. For instance, three examples of such events from each section of the course are: The Person’s Case, the Baby Boom, and lastly, The Montreal Massacre.
Systemic discrimination has been a part of Canada’s past. Women, racial and ethnic minorities as well as First Nations people have all faced discrimination in Canada. Policies such as, Charter of Rights and Freedoms, provincial and federal Human Rights Codes, as well has various employment equity programs have been placed in Canada’s constitution to fight and address discrimination issues. Despite these key documents placed for universal rights and freedoms Aboriginal and other minority populations in Canada continue to be discriminated against. Many believe there is no discrimination in Canada, and suggest any lack of success of these groups is a result of personal decisions and not systemic discrimination. While others feel that the legislation and equality policies have yet resulted in an equal society for all minorities. Racism is immersed in Canadian society; this is clearly shown by stories of racial profiling in law enforcement.
There are many opportunities in America that can improve one’s wealth and power, thus leading to the mass amount of immigrants coming to American. Most immigrants that come to American usually are categorized as the lower class immigrants, but they take any opportunities to improve their economic status. In an article by Howard P. Chudacoff, it states “immigrants generally chose upward paths that led from manual labor into small proprietorships” (Chudacoff 1982: 104). This explains the reason why immigrants choose to come and stay in America. They start out small as laborers then over time they will work to own a small business. Even though immigrants gets to grow to move from the lower class to the middle class, the natives will be always
I believe that there is too much wealth and income inequality in the United States
In Rousseau’s book “A Discourse On Inequality”, he looks into the question of where the general inequality amongst men came from. Inequality exists economically, structurally, amongst different generations, genders, races, and in almost all other areas of society. However, Rousseau considers that there are really two categories of inequality. The first is called Natural/Physical, it occurs as an affect of nature. It includes inequalities of age,, health, bodily strength, and the qualities of the mind and soul. The second may be called Moral/Political inequality, this basically occurs through the consent of men. This consists of the privileges one group may have over another, such as the rich over the poor.
Today many of us view Canada as a forward thinking nation that is all about equality, no matter what skin colour you are, gender you identify as, religion you follow, etc. This wasn’t always the case. The 1920’s kind of blew if you weren’t a male in most countries and Canada was not exception to this. In the 20’s the average wage was
It is clear that Inequality of Opportunity and Inequality of Income intersect, but the main difference between these types of inequality can be explained as follows: Income Inequality depends on the efforts of a person, his or her work, while Inequality of Opportunity depends on external circumstances that a person can not influence (Molinas). At present, two approaches to Inequality of Opportunity are distinguished. One of them is called meritocratic and believes that people who make the same choice and apply the same effort should receive the same feedback (Molinas). The second one is called egalitarian, and its main idea is that outcomes should not depend on indicators and be equal (Molinas). Roemer actively developed this theory (Molinas). According to the scientist, there is no possibility to be sure that certain decisions made by a person were a consequence solely of her or his efforts, and not a consequence of errors and inequalities in the system. Following precisely this type of Inequality of Opportunity, one can expect that the respondents feel inequality in access and quality to education, the medical sphere, the labor market, living
Everywhere has social classes, some more obvious then others. Many things here can change the standing of how much social classes change culture. Social classes ranking can depend on money, occupation, education, race and sex. Canada has seen much change in this category, social classes are not
One certainty regarding the Canadian labour market is that, simply, some jobs are better than others. When comparing what makes one job better than another, various factors such as work hours, wages, benefits, and security are assessed. It makes sense that permanent, full-time, well-compensated, secure positions would be considered “better” than precarious (unreliable and/or unpredictable), part-time, temporary, low-wage, benefits-absent jobs would be. However, to complicate this labour market division further is the overwhelming presence of inequality within the market(s), driven by historical conditions and ongoing market standards which have put and kept women, visible minorities and other groups in a vulnerable position. It
There has always been a debate as to which universities are better, Canadian or American. Most of us chose the States as our desired destination due to its collection of highly-ranked, well-known universities. However, this year, like a lot of international students around the world, my peers and I changed our minds and were determined to go to Canada. According to the Atlantic, American universities experienced a 39% decline in international undergraduate students just from the Middle Eastern region (Bendix, 2017). In contrast, Canadian universities like Concordia and the University of Alberta have experienced a 27% increase in their international undergraduate applications from countries like India (+233%), Mexico (+325%) and Iran (+317%) (ICEF, 2017). Surprisingly, many Canadian universities have seen a 50% increase in American students this year (ICEF, 2017). One of the main reasons for this sudden change was the rising ethnocentrism in the States during and post 2017 elections. Ethnocentrism is the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture and usually creates a divide between societies as one culture is considered superior to the other (LSE, 2017). During the election, President-elect, Donald Trump used ethnocentrism to create anger, fear, and divide between the ethnic majorities and minorities through ideas such as the immigration ban