The main objective of teaching at any level of education is to bring the fundamental change in the learner (Tebasal&Kahssay 2011). To facilitate the transmission of knowledge to learners. The teachers should apply the appropriate teaching method that will be suitable and specific at the level of secondary schools. Many teaching practitioners employ learner centred method until today, questions about effectiveness of teaching methods on student learning have consistent raised considerable interest.
It is recognized that poor performance by the majority students is fundamentally linked to application of in-effective teaching method used by the teachers to impact knowledge to learners (Adunol 2011). The research shows that effectiveness on teaching
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Also teaching method chosen should be considered more in both advantages and dis advantages in learning process.
The factors determining good teaching method includes:
Instructional objectives. These are terms used to describe the procedures and the outcomes expected. This is the result of learning, every learnt in the class has its objectives to the subject, objectives to the teacher,objective to the learner, and to the school policies.
To show the importance of instructional objectives in choosing the method of teaching, Brown Wrote’’ Attaining of instructional objectives depend on the method ‘’ Example If the instructional objective require a student to make a soap, the teaching method should be an experimental and demonstration.
Availability of teaching and learning aids. The teaching aids relate direct to the instructional objectives and teaching methods. The teaching method is determined by the time of teaching method going to be used. Andesanya(2006) submitted basic criteria to choose teaching
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More over their effectiveness in assisting student to learn in the classroom classroom setting will also be looked into.
Although the study is meant for all students in Hai District however due to time and fund, the research will only be limited to some selected secondary school in Hai district
1.7 Theoretical framework
In teaching methods theories of learning are of concern. This because during teaching development in the field it borrow ideas from the learning theories. Here let to apply cognitive theory cognitivetheory.
Cognitive learning theory stress the acquisition of knowledge and skills, formation of mental structures and processing of information and beliefs. To cognitivists learning is an internal mental phenomenon inferred from what people say or do. They contend that learning learning best takes place by doing it (Aggarwal, 1994)
The cognitivists acknowledge the role of environmental condition as the influence on learning but teacher’s explanation and demonstration concepts serve environmental inputs on students. In general cognitive theory insists the learning process takes place in the mind as is a result of mental processes on the information
4. METHOD/MEDIA: This period of instruction will be taught by the lecture method with the aid of PowerPoint Presentation and handouts
Cognitive theory is a learning approach in psychology that attempts to explain the behavior of humans by studying thoughts and reasoning process. The cognitive theory is founded on many other factors like cognitive reasoning and social cognitive theory. Aaron Beck founded the theory and it is meant to understand the human behavior by observing the processes triggered by reasoning and individual thoughts. The cognitive theory is a research based theory because it tends to investigate human behavior through making observations and thought analysis.
Teaching theories are as much part of the classroom as the student and the teacher. The effect individual theories have on an environment depends how they are incorporated within the classroom in addition to the influence they have had on the curriculum construction. This essay will briefly look at how motivation theory, cognitive and social cognitive theory along with constructivism have impacted on education and the classroom.
Another theory which is related to the resource is the Cognitive theory of learning and development.
Cognitive learning- a child learns how to solve a puzzle. The child struggles and tries to piece the different pieces together for hours. Finally, the child learns where the pieces fit and solves the
Vosniadou S. (1996) TOWARDS A REVISED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY FOR NEW ADVANCES IN LEARNING AND INSTRUCTION. Learning and instruction,6( 2), 95-109.
Schunk, D. H. (2000) Learning theories. An educational perspective. (3rd ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
...of teaching and learning. Modeling is a good way to promote learning. The teachers can use modeling to promote desired behavior. Teachers can enhance self-efficacy among students by teaching basic knowledge and then skills to mastery. Teacher can assure students that they can be successful and point other successful students like them who have been successful by using the techniques provided by the teacher (Ormrod, 2011). Teachers can promote self-regulated learning by encouraging students to set goals and performing self-evaluation. To conclude social cognitive theory describes learning as an internal phenomenon that may or may not be reflected in behavior and people’s observation of those around them affect their behavior and cognitive processes (Ormrod, 2011).
In order to be an effective teacher there needs to be an understanding that we all learn differently, this means that no single teaching strategy is effective for all students/learners all the time. This makes teaching a complex process because you need to understand and meet the requirements of all of your learners. Students learn best when they aren’t asked to simply memorise information but when they form their own understandings of what is being taught. When a student has successfully learnt a new idea they are able to then intergrate this information with their previously learnt information and make sense of it. To be an effective teacher you need to work jointly with students to asses where they are at, be able to give feedback on how the student is going and ensure that they are understanding the lesson (Killen, 2013) According to Lovat and Smith (2003) students learning must result in a change in a student’s understanding of the information being taught. In order to show understanding they must be able to share this information with others and want to learn more (Killen, 2013). In order to have a deeper understanding of what is being taught they need to be aware of the relationship that exists between what they knew previously and the new information that is being learned (Killen, 2013).. Students need to be given goals that they can achieve in order to feel a sense of mastery over their own learning, this gives students motivation that they are able to complete tasks and to keep going.
Learning is defined as a, "relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience" (Myers, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to present a critical analysis of the different theoretical approaches and explanations for learning through an examination of the theories of behaviorism, social learning and cognitive. I will investigate the principles and postulates of each theory, their strengths and their weaknesses. It is my belief that because each theory is best applicable to varying types of learning, it is best that a combination of each is used to provide the most complete learning experience.
This theory is concerned with how individuals learn large amounts of meaningful material from verbal/textual presentations in a school setting in contrast to theories developed in the context of laboratory experiments. According to Ausubel, learning is based upon the kinds of super ordinate, representational, and combinatorial processes that occur during the reception of information. He also explains that new learning or acquisition of knowledge is related to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure. Cognitive structures represent the residue of all learning experiences; forgetting occurs because certain details get integrated and lose their individual identity.
In a classroom, a teaching strategy is a generalized plan for a lesson which includes structure, instructional objectives and an outline of planned tactics, necessary to implement the strategies. Reece and Walker (2002) describe a teaching strategy as a combination of student activities supported by the use of appropriate resources to provide particular learning resources. It is that procedure by which new knowledge is fixed in the minds of students permanently. For this purpose, a teacher does extra activities in the class. These activities help the teacher to take shift from one strategy to another. A method of teaching on the other hand is directly related to the presentation of the lesson. The choice of the teaching method depe...
In this course I experienced an important change in my beliefs about teaching; I came to understand that there are many different theories and methods that can be tailored to suit the teacher and the needs of the student. The readings, especially those from Lyons, G., Ford, M., & Arthur-Kelly, M. (2011), Groundwater-Smith, S., Ewing, R., & Le Cornu, R. (2007), and Whitton, D., Barker, K., Nosworthy, M., Sinclair, C., Nanlohy, P. (2010), have helped me to understand this in particular. In composing my essay about teaching methods and other themes, my learning was solidified, my knowledge deepened by my research and my writing skills honed.
Each of the three learning theories, Cognitivism, Constructivism, and Behaviorism, has worth and merit in my opinion. Yet, each one has its own unique qualities with one common factor, the learning process. It seems to me that the best teacher is one who would utilize all the theories of learning. However, if I look closely, I am most likely favoring one or two more than the others in my own instructional methods. I read the brief definition of these three theories and realized that I needed to examine a more in-depth explanation of each of them. The theory of cognitivism focuses on the mind of the learner
Cognitive Psychology is focused on learning based on how people perceive, remember, think, speak and problem-solve. The cognitive perspective differs in...