Mineral resources in any form are gift from nature in the countries where they are found. Almost every country depends largely on exports of its mineral resources, earning a major portion of their foreign exchange from these exports. Pakistan is gifted with significant mineral resources and emerging as a very promising area for exploration of mineral deposits. Pakistan has great potential in the metallic minerals like copper, gold, silver, platinum, chromites, iron, lead and zinc, a fact confirmed by various regional geological surveys, conducted in the recent past. A total of about 52 minerals are mined in Pakistan but there mining is on a relatively small scale. Considerable resources of coal (186 billion tons), copper (6000 million tons), gold (1656 million tons), silver (618 million tons), lead-zinc (23.72 million tons), manganese (.597 million tons), chromite (2.527 million tons), iron ore (1400 million tons) and precious and semiprecious stones have been identified in different parts of the country. Figure 1 shows a brief mineral summary of the country.
Presence of significant ...
A mineral that the Democratic Republic of Congo has vast wealth in is Columbite – tantalite, which is commonly referred to as coltan. Coltan is mined for the use in electronic devices. Some of these devices that coltan can be found in include: cellular phones, computers, jet engines, missiles, ships, and weapon systems. This mineral has an impact on our daily liv...
Due to the natural processes of magma flow, hydrothermal gradients, sedimentation, and evaporation, minerals are concentrated in various areas of the Earth’s crust. Obtaining these minerals for human use involves four general steps. • Locating the minerals • Then, extracting the minerals from the Earth in the form of ore or rock Then, processing (smelting) the ore to separate the impurities from the desired mineral. Finally, creating a useful product from the minerals. Procedure 1.
The Importance of Mining Industry The importance of mining is definitely significant to Canada. Mining, is an important industry, and Canadians are very advanced in their mining technology, but during the mining process, there is certain level of pollution produced. The Canadian government and the mining companies have very good plans and controls toward this problem, while ensuring the smooth running of the industries, and also helping to create strong economy and employment. The world of today could not exist without mineral products. Canada produces about 60 minerals and ranks first among producing countries1. As well, Canada is the largest exporter of minerals, with more than 20 per cent of production shipped to world markets2.
The U.S. Geological Survey suggested that if the global economic trend of depleting resources continues, then resources such as iron would deplete in a matter of sixty years. Further, iron prices will increase exponentially within the timeframe. Fortunately, iron is found in a prevalent phase that occurs within several minerals with different crystal structures. These minerals—Kamacite, Taenite, and Tetrataenite—can be formed by several different process, including igneous crystallization and reduction of oxides...
The jewelry industry is always in need of gold. In the past years, the Western mine production cannot meet the gold demand of jewelry industry. To compensate with the lack of gold supply, jewelry sectors tried to make do with reclaimed jewelry, reserves and other industrial scrap.
Though it has had many negative impacts on the environment in the past, mining is a vital industry completely necessary to our economy and lives. Nearly every item we use or encounter in our day to day lives is mined or contains mined products. Without the excavation of such materials things like computers, televisions, large building structures, electricity, and cars would not be possible. Virtually every technological and medical advance uses minded materials, without which millions would suffer. Some examples of minerals in the home include the telephone which is made from as many as 42 different minerals, including aluminum, beryllium, coal, copper, gold, iron, silver, and talc. A television requires over 35 different minerals, and more than 30 minerals are needed to make a single personal computer. Without boron, copper, gold and quartz, your digital alarm clock would not work. Every American uses an average 47,000 pounds of newly mined materials each year, which is higher than all other countries with the exception of Japan, which is a staggering figure representative of our dependence and need for mined minerals. Coal makes up more than half of nation’s electricity, and will continue to be the largest electrical supplier into 2020 & accounting for some 95 percent of the nation's fossil energy reserves – nine of every ten short-tons of coal mined in the United States is used for electricity generation. As the population of the world grows more mineral resources must be exploited through mining in order to support the rising demand for such products. Though it may present a hazard to the environment and those physically located nears the mines, the materials extracted from mines...
Rio Tinto has the people, the capabilities and the resources to apply a world’s hunger for minerals and metals that are used in the everyday life, in the diverse of products – for the mobile phones to cars.
This paper will provide a detailed discussion about iron metal. The chemical, physical and mechanical properties of iron metal will be discussed. Additionally, the occurrence and major applications of the metal will also be provided. This is intended to provide an understanding of the iron metal and the chemistry around it. The geometry of coordination together with the different oxidation states will be included in the discussion. It should be noted that iron is one of the few metals that is considered to have wide range of applications. There are many devices, accessories and equipment that are made out of iron metal. Its abundance on earth is also something that is considered to be of great importance. Just like other metals, iron is extracted from the earth’s crust through mining process. Iron is extracted from the earth in form of iron ore.
The field of geology has many different branches. Some of these areas have hardly anything in common. The one thing that they all include, though, is that each one concentrates on some part of the Earth, its makeup, or that of other planets. Mineralogy, the study of minerals above the Earth and in its crust, is different from Petrology, the st...
Barites deposits in Benue state is in form of vein and cavity filling which occurs as a result of hydrothermal solutions during Santonian deformation depositing barites in fissure formed (Nigeria Geological Survey Agency, 2011). These deposits are found in Markudi, Gboko, Ushongo, Vandeikya and Guma local Government areas of Benue State house by igneous to metamorphic rocks of the Pre-Cambrian as well as in shale and sandstones. Barites in these areas are white and reddish brown in colours with a specific gravity of 3.7 to 4.4.the vein deposit is not long but the width is 3 meters and depth is about 20 meters. Chemical analysis of barites samples in Benue state shows that the ore composition of 76% - 86% BaSO4, 5- 21% silica and about 3% iron oxide and the reserved estimate is about 307,657 metric tonnes (How We Made it in Africa,
Mining is the process or industry of obtaining minerals from the earth. Topics in this paper I’ll be specifically discussing are pros and cons of mining, structures of a mine, mining in general, California gold rush, diamonds in Africa, and comparison of diamond and gold mines.
Iron is being crucial element in earth’s crust and it is being a basic building blocks of our modern infrastructure. A challengin...
In our days, mining for resources is inevitable. The resources we need are valuable in everyday life. Such resources mined up are coal, copper, gold, silver, and sand. However, mining poses environmental risks that can degrade the quality of soil and water, which can end up effecting us humans if not taken care of and many of the damages are irreversible once they have occurred.
Pakistan has all the major ingredients necessary to become a developed nation; it has a geo-strategic location, a generous availability of natural resources and a large population in the working age. Despite having the potential to turn itself into a developed country, Pakistan has not been able to fulfill its potential.