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Magnetism and its uses
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Everyone knows what a magnet is, or what a magnet does. Magnes, the Greek Shepherd discovered Lodestone also called as Magnet. An invisible force attracts iron objects and that force is denoted as magnetic field (1). Magnetic field is the only field where the lines of force that show the direction of the field can be made visible. This will be represented in the Fiq:1. In every material in this world, there are small magnetic fields called domains. Most of the time, all these domains are independent and face different directions. All the domains can be arranged with the use of strong magnetic fields known as Ferromagnetic metals. Magnets can be either temporary or Permanent. Temporary magnets are made from materials that are easy to magnetize. But it can lose their magnetization very easily. Permanent magnets are the magnets that are very difficult to magnetize.But it can keep their magnetic properties longer than temporary magnets do.
Diamagnetic materials are very weak and not permanent and it persists only while an external magnetic field is applied. It is induved by a change in the orbital motion of the electrons due to an applied magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials are also categorized as antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic. The magnetic moment coupling between adjacent atoms/ions results in antiparallel alignment and the alignment of spin moments is exaclty in opposite directions are termed as antiferromagnetism. Manganese oxide (MnO) displays this behaviour (2). Different types of magnetic materials available are Ferrites (Ceramics), Alnico, Samarium cobalt, Neodymium (Neo) and bonded magnets.
Iron is being crucial element in earth’s crust and it is being a basic building blocks of our modern infrastructure. A challengin...
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... the apoferritin cavity (cavity naturally used for the storage of iron ions) and transported by the external magnetic field to the required site of action (62). Another mechanism by which small magnetic liposomes containing doxorubicin was prepared and delivered to osteosarcomas in hamsters and thereby minimizing primary tumor growth in that region. Interestingly, in that experiment permanent magnet of 0.4T was implanted in the tumor vasculature region of the osteosarcomas. All doxorubin preparations significantly suppressed tumor growth with the influence external magnetic force. Without magnetic force, no effect was determined. Systemic chemotherapy with doxorubicin magnetic liposomes and external magnetic force is effective for the treatment of various solid tumors. This system could provide numerous clinical effects over the existing drug delivery systems (63).
In the twentieth century the medical field has seen many changes. One way that hospitals and nursing specifically has changed and implemented the changes is by pursuing accreditations, awards, and recognitions. The purpose of this paper is to understand Magnet Status and the change required by hospitals to achieve it.
During the late 1970's, the world of diagnostic imaging changed drastically due to the introduction of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, also known as MRI. For over 30 years, they have grown to become one of the most significant imaging modalities found in the hospitals and clinics ("EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND FACULTY INFORMATION"). During its ancient days, these machines were referred to as NMRI machines or, “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging.” The term “nuclear” comes from the fact that the machine has the capability of imaging an atom's nucleus. Eventually, the term was dropped and replaced with just MRI, because “nuclear” did not sit well with the public view ("EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES AND FACULTY INFORMATION"). Many people interpreted the machine to produce an excess amount of radiation in comparison to the traditional X-ray machine. What many of them were unaware of, MRI does not disperse a single ounce of ionizing radiation making it one of the safest diagnostic imaging machine available to this date. MRI machines actually use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce high quality images consisting of precise details that cannot be seen on CT (Computed Tomography) or X-ray. The MRI magnet is capable of fabricating large and stable magnetic fields making it the most important and biggest component of MRI. The magnet in an MRI machine is measured on a unit called Tesla. While regular magnets commonly use a unit called gauss (1 Tesla = 10,000 gauss). Compared to Earth's magnetic field (0.5 gauss), the magnet in MRI is about 0.5 to 3.0 tesla range meaning it is immensely strong. The powerful magnetic fields of the machine has the ability to pull on any iron-containing objects and may cause them to abruptly move with great for...
Students were surprised that the donut magnet and the bar magnets did not attach to each other. They were excited to see that they could manipulate the movement of the donut magnet by using the bar magnets. At this point students were not familiar with attraction and repelling of magnets. To continue with the experiments, one bar magnet was placed on each side of the triangle base to conduct “The Indecisive Magnet” experiment. After students placed their bar magnets around the base of the triangle, they gave the donut magnet, attached to the yarn, a small push.
By adding up to 2%,of carbon it makes the steel tough and strong. Although it’s tough and strong, it is able to bend. To make sure that the metal doesn’t rust, it has a zinc coating on it. Iron is 26 on the periodic table,and considered an “transition metal,” meaning that it is ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat. ... “Some other elements that are similar to iron are cobalt and nickel. They are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.” Zinc is 30 on the periodic table and it is also a transition metal like iron. “The first iron used by humans is likely to have come from meteorites.” A meteorite is a meteor that survives its passage through the earth's atmosphere such that part of it strikes the ground. More than 90 percent of meteorites are of rock, while the remainder consist wholly or partly of iron and nickel. Meteors are believed to have been from the asteroid belt of Mars and
Magnetism is very useful in our daily life. A magnetic field is a mathematical description of the magnetic influence of electric currents and magnetic materials. In addition, magnetic field is a region which a magnetic material experiences a force as the result of the presence of a magnet or a current carrying conductor. Current carrying conductors also known as wire. As we know there have north pole and south pole of a magnet. If same pole of magnet approaches each other, there will repel each other. In contrast, if different pole of magnet approaches each other, they will attract. These are same with the electric charge, if same charge it will repel, different charge it will attract. Although magnets and magnetism were known much earlier, the study of magnetic fields began in 1269 when French scholar Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt mapped out the magnetic field on the surface of a spherical magnet using iron needles [search from Wikipedia]. Noting that the resulting field lines crossed at two points he named those points 'poles' in analogy to Earth's poles. Each magnet has its own magnetic field which experiences a force as the result of the presence of a magnet and magnetic field has made up of magnetic field lines. The properties of magnetic field lines is it begin at the north pole and end at the south pole. The north pole always flow out while south pole always flow in. The closer the magnetic field lines, the strength of magnetic field increases. Furthermore, these line cannot cross each other. Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets. Ferromagnetic materials...
Electromagnetism is the branch of physics that studies the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Electromagnets are magnets that use an electric current to attract metal. Electromagnets have many parts that make up them and are used in many ways. Electromagnetism has a history that dates back over 200 years. The year 1700 was the first demonstration of an electromagnet, yet scientists didn't know much about electromagnetism (Bellis 1).
Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Because it is so common, iron has been used by human society for thousands of years. Iron was known and used for weapons in prehistoric ages, the earliest example still in existence; a group of rusty iron beads found in Egypt, dates from about 4000BC. This period in history was given the name Iron Age because it was the time when people found ways to get iron and to use it for building tools and weapons.
A magnet can be made from different materials, but loadstone is the natural form. The most important part of magnetism to make electric motors work is: A magnet has two different ends, or poles a north and a south pole. These poles behave like electric charges, like poles repel and unlike poles attract although magnets have no affect on still charges. The relationship between electricity and magnetism is that each phenomenon is that each generates a field. Electric fields can be pictured by thinking in terms of gravitational forces. Where, any two objects have a gravitational force one another. Any two electric charges have a force between them (either repelling, or attracting depending on polarity). These electric fiel...
Though it has had many negative impacts on the environment in the past, mining is a vital industry completely necessary to our economy and lives. Nearly every item we use or encounter in our day to day lives is mined or contains mined products. Without the excavation of such materials things like computers, televisions, large building structures, electricity, and cars would not be possible. Virtually every technological and medical advance uses minded materials, without which millions would suffer. Some examples of minerals in the home include the telephone which is made from as many as 42 different minerals, including aluminum, beryllium, coal, copper, gold, iron, silver, and talc. A television requires over 35 different minerals, and more than 30 minerals are needed to make a single personal computer. Without boron, copper, gold and quartz, your digital alarm clock would not work. Every American uses an average 47,000 pounds of newly mined materials each year, which is higher than all other countries with the exception of Japan, which is a staggering figure representative of our dependence and need for mined minerals. Coal makes up more than half of nation’s electricity, and will continue to be the largest electrical supplier into 2020 & accounting for some 95 percent of the nation's fossil energy reserves – nine of every ten short-tons of coal mined in the United States is used for electricity generation. As the population of the world grows more mineral resources must be exploited through mining in order to support the rising demand for such products. Though it may present a hazard to the environment and those physically located nears the mines, the materials extracted from mines...
There have been many logical explanations as to how the magnets operate. One explanation for the success of magnetic therapy has been how they utilize the cell’s magnetic field. When a disease invades the body, it disrupts the magnetic fields causing them to become disoriented within the cells. Magnets help realign these fields causing them to be an important factor in counteracting the disease (http://www.healthy.net/hwlibrarynewsletters/update/magnets.htm).
Magnets are stones that produce magnetic fields. The magnetic field is invisible, but is responsible for the most noticeable aspect of a magnet: the attraction of a metal object or the repulsion of another magnet. Magnets are used in common everyday household items: credit cards, TVs, speakers, motors, and compasses. A magnets strength is measured by its magnetic moment. (“Magnetism”)
Electric currents produce magnetic fields, they can be as small as macroscopic currents in wires, or microscopic currents in atomic orbits caused by electrons. The magnetic field B is described in terms of force on a moving charge in the Lorentz force law. The relationship of magnetic field and charges leads to many practical applications. Magnetic field sources are dipolar in nature, with a north and south magnetic pole. The magnetic field SI unit is the Tesla, it can be seen in the magnetic part of the Lorentz force law F magnetic = qvB composed of (Newton x second)/(Coulomb x meter). The smaller magnetic field unit is the
...eatment for pain, but in minor cases it may help some individuals recover faster (NCCIH.NIH). For further uses of magnets in the medical fields the NCCIH is researching the integrations of magnets in new contemporary applications to aid in pain relief.
A magnet has an invisible field that forces other objects to respond to its properties. This powerful force, which is referred to as the magnetic field, has particles called electrons that actively shift and move within the field. These electrons constantly revolve around the poles, thereby creating energy that attracts objects. Because of this, a magnet has the ability to draw objects towards itself. This ability, which is called magnetism, is caused by the force field that magnets create through its protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge).