Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
12 elements of school improvement program
Six elements of school improvement programs
Challenges of school improvement plan
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: 12 elements of school improvement program
Part two of the book “Immunity to Change” encompasses four chapters. The first chapter in part two is, “Overcoming The Groupwide Immunity To change” which says once a group envisions the value in unearthing the core contradiction and constraining mindset that lives in members of the group, they must then begin to identify the core contradiction and constraining mindset that exists in their group as a whole. In other words, the authors are saying that in dealing with immunity to change the first order of business is to identify individual immunities to change and the second is to identify group immunities to change. This chapter cites three examples of three different groups to assist in the explanation of how group exploration works. The first group, a humanities …show more content…
The second group, a national forest fire-starter service explored how to reduce fatalities. The third group, a school district, explored how they could improve in holding high expectations of their students who were English Language Learners. These three scenarios illustrate how the immunity-to-change practices can begin to build upon, and go beyond, the focus of individual improvement. The chapter goes on to share the efforts of two other companies: a professional service firm and a medical school. However, the major factor in bringing about success in immunity-to-change as it relates to groups is that the individual members in the group must first seek to diagnosis as well as eliminate their individual immunities to change. The next chapter in part two is, “David Doesn’t Delegate”. This chapter highlights an experienced manager, David, who is an ineffective delegator because of his immunity to delegating. When a leader has a staff that they supervise one would think they would relish the power to be able to delegate. Delegation takes some of the responsibilities off the plate of the leader. However, the authors admit that leaders often say their goal is
Engleberg, Isa N. and Dianna R. Wynn. Working in Groups. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2012. Print.
Leadership at times can be a complex topic to delve into and may appear to be a simple and graspable concept for a certain few. Leadership skills are not simply acquired through position, seniority, pay scale, or the amount of titles an individual holds but is a characteristic acquired or is an innate trait for the fortunate few who possess it. Leadership can be misconstrued with management; a manager “manages” the daily operations of a company’s work while a leader envisions, influences, and empowers the individuals around them.
Change is a double-edged sword (Fullan, 2001). Change is a word that might inspire or put fear into people. Leadership is challenging when it comes to dealing with change and how individuals react within the organization to the change. Marzano, McNulty, and Waters (2005) discuss two orders of change in their book School Leadership that Works; first and second. Fullan (2001) also adds to the discussion in his book Leading in a Culture of Change, with regard to understanding change. In Change Leadership, Keagan and Wagner (2006) discuss many factors of change and the systematic approach to change. Change affects people in different ways. Leaders need to be able to respond to the individuals throughout the change process.
As a person one might find that we follow a specific routine on the day to day basis. Sudden changes to these routines feels weird and out of place. In William Faulkner’s “A Rose For Emily” based in a fictional town called Jefferson taking place during the twentieth century. The time period is indeed an important factor because southern tradition was above all of the highest importance. This short story gives the audience details of life during that time in which they followed the values of southern tradition and the importance to never stray away from those traditions. The context of the story is laced with subliminal messages of humanities resistance to change.
In 1972, Irving Janis presented a set of hypothesis that he extracted from observing small groups performing problem solving tasks; he collectively referred to these hypotheses as groupthink¹. He defined groupthink as “a quick and easy way to refer to a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members’ striving for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action²” A successful group brings varied ideas, collective knowledge, and focus on the task at hand. The importance of groups is to accomplish tasks that individuals can not do on their own. The Bay of Pigs, Watergate, and the Challenger disaster are all forms of failure within a group. Specifically, you can see the effect of groupthink of Americans before September 11, 2001. The thought of harm to the United States was unfathomable, but only after the attacks did they realize they were not invincible. When a solid, highly cohesive group is only concerned with maintaining agreement, they fail to see their alternatives and any other available options. When a group experiences groupthink, they may feel uninterested about a task, don't feel like they will be successful, and the group members do not challenge ideas. Stress is also a factor in the failure of groupthink. An effective group needs to have clear goals, trust, accountability, support, and training. Some indicators that groupthink may be happening are; making unethical decisions, they think they are never wrong, close-minded about situations, and ignore important information. Many things can be done to prevent groupthink from happening. One way is to make each person in the group a “critical evaluator”. The leader must ...
The first chapter of “Working in Groups” focuses on group communication, the first aspect being the key elements of group communication (Engleberg and
Hypothesis: “We hypothesize that the performance of individual members in such situations is likely to be highest when the members hold both individualist and collectivist orientations toward their work” (Hollenbeck, Humphrey, Meyer, Wagner, 2012, pg. 947).
Kegan, R. & L. Laskow Lahey. (2009). Immunity to Change: How to overcome it and unlock potential in yourself and your organization. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.
Kegan, R., & Laskow Lahey, L. (2009). Immunity to change. How to overcome it and unlock the potential in yourself and your organization. Boston: Harvard Business Press.
Part three of the textbook “Immunity to Change” has four chapters. The first chapter in part three is chapter eight and it explains unlocking potential as it relates to overcoming immunities. The authors state that there are three ingredients necessary in unlocking a person’s immunity to change. The first ingredient is the gut: the need, desire or visceral feelings that drive a person’s motivation which is why the ingredient is called gut. In other words, this is the ingredient that reveals if a person has the stomach to endure what they imagine will be the motivation or unpleasantness of the change being sought. The second ingredient is head and heart because this ingredient simultaneously engages thinking and feeling. The immunity to
Nahavandi, Afsaneh. The Art and Science of Leadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009. Print.
Working in groups can be a very positive or very negative experience. How a group functions together determines how positive or negative that experience becomes. All go through four stages of development, forming, norming, storming, and performing.. Unfortunately for our group, many of the members experienced some of these stages together and other missed out on that opportunity of original growth. Kirst-Ashman and Hull describe these stages as a pattern of development. This allows the group members to see how they are working together but also allows observers to see what stage the group is stuck on. I had hoped for my group to develop past the first stage of development quickly, however as a whole we couldn’t seem to get over this limbo of being a forming or norming group. Our group was not the best functioning, but working together taught me the important pieces of being a group member as well as working within a group.
Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge is an organizational management book written by Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus for those who aim to become better leaders. The authors emphasize that having executive positions or being a manager does not automatically make one a leader. A leader is one who inspires his staff, helps them find purpose in their work, and effectively implements their plans. They separate the book not quite into chapters on different topics, but rather by four strategies that they have determined are vital for any leader to take on. The strategies are effectively defined as attention through vision, meaning through communication, trust through positioning, and the deployment of self.
Directing – This leadership approach is most appropriate when the followers have low willingness and low ability for the task at hand. When the followers cannot do the job and are unwilling or afraid to try, then the leader must take a highly directive role. Directing requires those in charge to define the roles and tasks of the followers, and supervise them
Bennis, W. & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The Strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper Row.