Image segmentation divides a digital image into multiple regions in order to analyze them. It is also used to distinguish different objects in the image. Several image segmentation techniques have been developed by the researchers in order to make images smooth and easy to evaluate. Famous techniques of image segmentation which are still being used by the researchers are Edge Detection, Threshold, Histogram, Region based methods, and Watershed Transformation. There are two types of images i.e. gray scale and color images. Image segmentation for color images is totally different from gray scale images. The property of a pixel in an image and proximity of pixels near to that pixel are two basic parameters for any image segmentation algorithm. …show more content…
They also found that region based methods are also time consuming and not give effective segmentation. They proposed a new region based method based on Least Square method in order to detect objects sharply. They used a weight matrix for region based method which also takes the local information into account and also the usage of Least Square method provides optimal and fast segmentation. Comparison of their method is conducted with Otsu method and Chan-Vese method using Lena image. Their method can extract the features more accurately than other methods. Patil et. al.(2010) [10] suggested to use K-means image segmenattion provided the number of clusters is estimated in accurate manner. They proposed a Phase congruency based method for edge detection to estimate number of clusters. Threshold and Euclidean distance is used as similarity measure for making clusters. K-means is used to find the final segmentation of image. Experiments are performed on MATLAB and results shows that number of clusters is accurate and …show more content…
Dataset of micro-CT images are used. De-noising filter is used to remove noise from image as a pre-processing step, Feature extraction is performed next, and then Back Propagation Neural Network is created, and lastly, it modifies the weight number of network, and save the output. Proposed algorithm is compared with Thresholding method and Region Growing method. Results have shown that proposed technique outperforms other methods on the basis of speed and accuracy of
1. What is the name of the document? Ida Tarbell Criticizes Standard Oil (1904) 2. What type of document is it? (newspaper, map, image, report, Congressional record, etc.)
During World War II, after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese Americans in the western United States were forced into internment camps because the government felt as though the Japanese were dangerous if they were not relocated. These camps were usually in poor condition and in deserted areas of the nation. The Japanese were forced to make the best of their situation and thus the adults farmed the land and tried to maximize leisure while children attempted to enjoy childhood. The picture of the internee majorettes, taken by internee and photographer Toyo Miyatake, shows sixteen girls standing on bleachers while posing in front of the majestic Sierra Nevada mountain range and desolate Manzanar background. Their faces show mixed expressions of happiness, sadness and indifference, and their attire is elegant and American in style. With the image of these smiling girls in front of the desolate background, Miyatake captures an optimistic mood in times of despair. Though this photograph is a representation of the Manzanar internment camp and, as with most representations, leaves much unsaid, the majorette outfits and smiling faces give a great deal of insight on the cooperative attitudes of Japanese Americans and their youth's desire to be Americanized in this time.
She put it on, leaving her clothing in the bath-house. But when she was there beside the sea, absolutely alone, she cast the unpleasant, pricking garments from her, and for the first time in her life she stood naked in the open air, at the mercy of the sun, the breeze that beat upon her, and the waves that invited her.
The advent of neural net with the seminal work of Hopfield , popularized the use of machine intelligence techniques in the pattern recognition. However, the dense and inherent structure of neural networks is not suitable for VLSI implementation. So, researchers in the neural network domain tried to simplify the structure of the neural network by pruning unnecessary connections. Simultaneously, the CA research community explored the advantages of the sparse network structure of cellular automata for relevant applications. The hybridization of cellularity and neural network has given rise to the popular concept of cellular neural networks.
The K-Means algorithm is used for cluster analysis by dividing data points into k clusters. The K means algorithm will group the data into the cluster based on feature similarity.
The problem of the twenty century is the problem of the color-line,- the relation of the
Chances are if anyone has listened to the radio in the past few years, they have heard the song “Blurred Lines.” Produced and written by Robin Thicke, Pharrell Williams, T.I. (also known as Clifford Jr. Harris), and legally Marvin Gaye, “Blurred Lines” quickly became a nationwide hit when it was released in 2013 that was broadcasted through radios and televisions all over the world. With a contagious and an enjoyable beat, but such sexual and vulgar words, there have been many different ways that the song has been perceived by audiences. Radio stations and social media love and praise the song for having an exciting and an energizing beat, thus its quick fame around the world. However, many people believe that the song is a far cry from fun
Mammography plays a vital role in early detection of breast cancers because it can show abnormalities in the breast up to two years before a patient or physician can feel them. The digital mammogram is analyzed with a combination of general image processing and computer vision algorithms combined with procedures which have been specially designed for the application. Mammography has provided reliable parameters for detecting breast tumor. Masses and calcifications are the most general breast deformities that may specify the occurrence of breast cancer. The other symptoms of breast cancer are architectural distortion and bilateral asymmetry, etc., Breast abnormalities are defined by an extensive range of features and may be easily overlooked or wrongly interpreted by radiologists while appraising large number of mammography images made available in screening programs. CAD and Computer Aided Diagnosis (CADX) tools are being designed to help the radiologists for providing an accurate diagnosis. CAD and CADX algorithms lend a hand in reducing the number of FPs and they help radiologists to make better decisions. This chapter gives a review of image processing algorithms that have been developed for detection of breast cancer.
...means and become familiar with K-means clustering and its usage. Then, we finish this part by different method of clustering. The K-nearest- neighbors is also discussed in this chapter. The KNN is simple for implication, programming, and one of the oldest techniques of data clustering as well. There are many applications existing for KNN and it is still growing. The PCA also discussed in this chapter as a method for dimension reduction, and then discrete wavelet transform is discussed. For the next chapter the combination of PCA and DWT, which can be useful in de-noising, come about. In this study, we have examined the neural network structure and modeling that is most of usage these days. The backpropagation is one of the common methods of training neural networks and for the last model, we discussed autoregressive model and the strategies to choose a model order.
Dubey, R.B., et al. “The Current CAD and PACS Technologies in Medical Imaging.” International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 4.8 (2009): 1439-1456. Academic Search Complete. Web. 20 Feb. 2011.
The large width Gaussian masks are not preferred as detector's sensitivity to noise is low and moreover, the localization error in the detected edges also increases with increase in Gaussian mask width. Step 2:- After the initial pre-processing steps of smoothening and removal of noise, the edge strength is calculated by taking the gradient of the image. For the purpose of edge detection in an image, the Sobel operator first performs a 2-D spatial gradient measurement with the help of convolution masks. The convolution masks used are of the size 3X3, where one is used to calculate the horizontal gradient(Gx) while the other is used to calculate the vertical gradient(Gy). Then, the approximate absolute edge strength can be calculated at each point.
Space-Time Clustering is a method of data analysis whereby the data objects are grouped with reference to a specific place and time. Space time clustering is therefore involve finding clusters that emerge during a particular time interval at particular places. Spatial cluster detection allows the identification of locations, shapes and sizes of potential anomalous spatial regions. The analysis of these clusters aid in the understanding of current patterns and prediction of future ones using a data-driven approach or a model-based approach.
Digital imaging, however, requires a completely different process. The image must be captured electronically on a light sensitive silicon chip. Each silicon chip contains thousands of pixels, which is "picture" plus "element", which measure light, color, and contrast. Because each pixel is a square and uniform in dimension, each individual one can be changes by means of a computer. The size of each pixel is determined by the resolution, which is the number of pixels per square inch. The key difference between an image on film and a digital image is the resolution. For example, when you look at a painting, you see many separate pixels that form the whole painting to form a conceptual process. When thousands of pixels are formed together in a digital image, you form one single image that leads you to view the photograph as a single view. In 1995 Kodachrome film had a resolution equivalent to 18 million pixels, the best digital camera had a resolution less than one tenth of this. As this capability continues to grow and improve, however, other means of digitizing photographs have become the medium choice for altering images. If an image is analog to begin with, it must me converted to a digital form, hence turning it into a ...
On the field trip to the Washington County Museum of Fine Arts in Hagerstown, Maryland I chose a painting of Still Life from the Smith’s gallery, painted by a nineteenth-century American artist, Robert Spear Dunning who lived from 1828 to 1905.
Medical tools in the modern day are almost all made with small, programmed computers inside. “Medical imaging is a vast field that deals with the techniques to create images of the human body. Many of the modern methods of scanning and imaging are largely based on computer technology” ("Importance of Computers in Medicine."). We have been able to apply many of the advanced medical imaging techniques, over the years, thanks to developments in computer science. Magnetic quality imaging uses computer software. To obtain high-resolution images, doctors ...