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Causes of maternal mortality and morbidity
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“Cleanliness becomes more important when godliness is unlikely,” by P.J. O’Rourke, represents how being clean can impact life. Ignaz Semmelweis believed it as well. Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was a Hungarian obstetrician who presented his ideas to the medical community in the mid-1800s. With degrees in midwifery, surgical training, and diagnostic and statistical methods, Ignaz scored a job easily at a hospital in Vienna while taking care of a wife and two children. Semmelweis uncovered the relationship between maternal death and puerperal fever, took many responsible risks to introduce his concept the medical society, and illuminated the importance to simply wash one's hands.
At the First Obstetric Clinic in Vienna, maternal death was no secret,
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Semmelweis had a theory, he would risk his job to prove it correct. As the main assistant to the hospital director, Ignaz directed the doctors and students to wash their hands in a solution of chlorinated lime before assisting the mothers in labor. Immediately, the death rates went down to less than 2% (“Science and Its Times”, 2000). When Ignaz released the results, he received mixed reactions. A few doctors stood by him, but the others seemed to believe that Semmelweis was deeming them responsible for the many unnecessary deaths. Eventually, the quarrel was too much for Semmelweis to handle, and he “retired” from his position (“Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis”, 2017). Ignaz would not give up. He left Vienna and returned to his hometown of Budapest where he introduced his antisepsis ideas to the physicians at the St. Rochus Hospital. Semmelweis published his findings in The Etiology, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever, even going as far as to say, “Your teaching... is based on the dead bodies of lying-in women slaughtered through ignorance… I denounce you before God and the world as murderers.” Time went on, and his voice continued to be silenced by his foe, until in 1865 Semmelweis was committed to an insane asylum where he died 14 days later (“Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis”,
The reason Semmelweis is the unknown founder of the cure for childbed fever is because he never concretely published or shared his findings. Thankfully, Nuland has taken the time to compile all of this information to share Semmelweis’ story.
In this time having a cesarean was very dangerous for the mother and the baby. In some cases, a cesarean would lead to
The High Risk Obstetrical Unit is located on the fifth floor of the S hospital. This is a state of the art facility that provides care for women who have pregnancy complications and require impatient care. Upon entering Miss Z’s dimly lit semi-private suit I feel the mixture of different odours such as blood, urine, and food. It is a small medical unit consisted of multifunctional bed, cherry-coloured dresser, white leather chair, and bed side table. The central place in this suit is devoted to a big medical monitor that is attached to the wall.
Did you know there was a time where infectious diseases like the common cold could kill you and your family? This was the elizabethan era probably the last time where sickness became the “grimm reaper” before modern medical advancements. With infectious diseases spreading and killing so many people doctors became desperate. Because these doctors knew very little about medicine, they were completely willing to try experimental treatments on their patients (Alchin). Sadly just about anybody with an infectious disease died. All the knowledge these doctors knew were based on: Humours, what brain function each internal organ controls, and how to protect themselves from it.
Olaudah spends a good part of the narrative acquainting the reader with the customs of his people. He describes the importance of hygiene to his people. Their overall health and vigor was helped by their penchant for cleanliness, and it makes them seem more "advanced." This is an interesting development considering the problems that a lack of hygiene can lead to.
While working as a nurse Sanger came across a woman by the name of Sadie Sachs (likely a compilation of many women) who became very ill after giving herself an abortion. Sachs begged the doctor for advice on pregnancy preven...
Wertz, R., and Wertz D. Lying-In: A History of Childbirth in America. New York: Free Press. 1997
Childbirth was the leading cause of death among young women. Approximately 20% of women died in childbirth because of poor medical care. Women who were poor had a lifespan of about 40 years (Trueman, “Medieval Women”). A caesarean section was normally only performed if the mother was dead or dying as it was in...
Not far off from the introduction which gives insight on what Lia’s birth would’ve been like had she had been born in their native country rather than in Merced, California, the author goes into the description of various medical systems pertaining specifically to women prior to pregnancy, during and after as well as the importance that the placement of the placenta plays not only for the human as a newborn but also for the death and the afterlife
Jerzy Kosinski was born in Poland in 1933 to Russian parents who had fled the revolution. He was separated from his family when the Nazis invaded in 1939. For six years he wandered form village to village scorned by East European gypsies who feared his hawk like face and penetrating eyes. He survived German terror by his wits and he was struck dumb from the shock that he underwent from this six-year period of wandering. He was mute from age nine to fourteen.(New Yorker)
...ts of fever and general ill-health. And in his last ten years in Vienna, the constant need to write commissioned work - for he was the first of the composing freelances, with no regular patrons or court salaries - had worn him down to the point where one bout of fever was sure to finish him off. In July he'd had the anonymous commission to write a Requiem for the Dead; but that had been progressing slowly, because he'd been busy with two operas - La Clemenza di Tito and The Magic Flute - and two cantatas at the same time. Thirty-five years of artistic, social and personal pressure was taking its toll.
This literature review will analyze and critically explore four studies that have been conducted on hand hygiene compliance rates by Healthcare workers (HCWs). Firstly, it will look at compliance rates for HCWs in the intensive care units (ICU) and then explore the different factors that contribute to low hand hygiene compliance. Hospital Acquired infections (HAI) or Nosocomial Infections appear worldwide, affecting both developed and poor countries. HAIs represent a major source of morbidity and mortality, especially for patients in the ICU (Hugonnet, Perneger, & Pittet, 2002). Hand hygiene can be defined as any method that destroys or removes microorganisms on hands (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009). According to the World Health Organization (2002), a HAI can be defined as an infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. The hands of HCWs transmit majority of the endemic infections. As
Sanitary conditions in the West were practically non-existent. In the cities, horse manure covered the streets. Housewives emptied garbage, dishwater, and chamber pots into the middle of the city streets where free-roaming pigs devoured the waste. The pigs left their urine and feces on the streets. It was not easy to wash clothes. Many people had clothes splattered with manure, mud, sweat, and tobacco juice. Privies, or necessary houses were often to close to the homes with a very noticeable odor on hot and/or windy days. If a family had a kitchen, all the members washed at the sink each day, without soap, rubbing the dirt off with a coarse towel. Eventually, many cold bedrooms had a basin, ewer (pitcher), cup, and cupboard chamber pot. Bed bugs and fleas covered many of the travelers’ beds. “Isaac Weld saw filthy beds swarming with bugs.” These insects followed the travelers, crawling on their clothes and skin.
“Researchers in London estimate that if everyone routinely washed their hands, a million deaths a year could be prevented” (“Hygiene Fast Facts”, 2013, p. 1). Hands are the number one mode of transmission of pathogens. Hands are also vital in patient interaction, and therefore should be kept clean to protect the safety of patients and the person caring for the patient. Hand hygiene is imperative to professional nursing practice because it prevents the spread of pathogens, decreases chances of hospital-acquired infections, and promotes patient safety. There is a substantial amount of evidence that shows why hand hygiene is important in healthcare
Semmelweiss (1818-1865) mode of reasoning attempts to put the theory underpinning epidemiology, he set out to test a hypothesis on