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Black Power Movement in History grade 12
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The words of ‘I am Black and I am proud’ was an anthem that filled the 1960s. A time period which saw the militancy of Malcolm X, the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and a student movement that would push forward an agenda of black culture empowerment that would change America. This movement arose from civil activism of the 1950s with leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X and then Stokely Carmichael. The Black Power Movement arose from males who had grown weary of mistreatment and of the broken promises of the equality within American. This movement also arose from the males whose views would change after the Civil Rights Movement. Stokely Carmichael had grown weary of emphasizing nonviolence and decided to move towards more forceful actions in civil liberties. The Black Panther Party was created and the group emphasized ‘black power’. The Black Power movement empowered the black male voice. A voice that grew from the whimpers of the Jim Crow Era to a loud roar heard from the White House. Black Power inspired many black Americans to be able to look Americans in the face without fear and to fight for their rights no matter what obstacles they may face.
Incidentally, blacks did not suddenly fathom the idea of wanting equal rights and freedoms, the desire came from centuries of oppression. People of African descent, were not truly American, they were not treated as American citizens. ‘All men were created equal,’ defined America yet, people of African descent suffered from the infamous human brutality known as slavery. Abraham Lincoln used ‘colored’ people as political pawns notably when he ‘freed the slaves’ in his Emancipation Proclamation speech in 1863 which provided the enslaved population with a sense of sec...
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...tate University, n.d.
Web. 19 Nov 2013. http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm.
Schladweiler, Kief. “Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).” Stokely Carmichael and
SNCC. N.p.. Web. 23 Nov 2013. http://www.aavw.org/protest/carmichael_sncc_abstract06_full.html. “Stokely Carmichael.” The History Channel website. Web. 22 Nov 2013. http://www.history.com/topics/stokely-carmichael. “Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.” The History Channel website. Web. 23 Nov 2013. http://www.history.com/topics/student-non-violent-coordinating-committee. Voice, Charleston. “Black Nationalism.” Charleston Voice. N.p. Web. 19 Nov 2013. http://www.knology.net/~bilrum/BLKNATION.htm. Warren, Chief Justice. “Loving v. Virginia (No. 395) .” Legal Information Institute. N.p., 12 Jun
1967. Web. 23 Nov 2013.
http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0388_0001_ZO.html.
Martin Luther King Jr. played a huge role for the black power movement, and many other younger black activists’ leader such as handsome Stokely Carmichael, Malcom X, and Rosa Park. Martin and Rosa and many others being a symbol of the non-violent struggle against segregation were he launched voting rights campaign and peaceful protesting. Rosa Park is one of the most important female that contribute a little but a huge factor of the Black Power Movement. One day riding the bus coming from work, a white bus driver told her and other African American to move to the back to give up their seats. Rosa being fed up with it she refuse, causing here to be put in jail, causing a huge movement for a bus boycott and Freedom Riders. Unlike Malcolm X and who epitomized the “Black Power” philosophy and had grown frustrated with the non-violent, integrated struggle for civil rights and worried that blacks would lose control of their own movement. Malcom X joined the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther. Black Panther played a short but important part in the civil rights movement. Being from California, the Black Panther party had four desires: equality in education, housing, employment and civil rights. In other words they were willing to use violence to get what they wanted. Bobby Seale, one of the leader had vision Black Panther party. Seale
“Black Power”, the word alone raises an abundance of controversial issues. Black power was a civil rights movement led by the black panthers which addressed several issues including segregation and racism. Black power had a different meaning to every member of the Mc Bride family, Ruth and James both looked at black power from a different angle. In “The Color of Water”, The author James Mc Bride admired the black panthers at first, but slowly he grew afraid of them after fearing the consequences his mother might face for being a white woman in a black community influenced by black power. James’ worries were baseless, black power’s motive was to educate and improve African American communities not to create havoc or to harm members of the white community.
Blacks were treated unjustly due to the Jim Crow laws and the racial stigmas embedded into American society. Under these laws, whites and colored people were “separate but equal,” however this could not be further from the truth. Due to the extreme racism in the United States during this time period, especially in the South, many blacks were dehumanized by whites to ensure that they remained inferior to them. As a result of their suffering from the prejudice society of America, there was a national outcry to better the lives of colored people.
Ever since slavery black people have been fighting for their freedom time after time and many different activists had different ways of expressing themselves to get their point across. But in the mid 1960s Stokely Carmichael had his own way of pushing freedom in the black community. He gave more awareness to the words “Black Power” as he was the leader of SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) but soon changed his approach once he saw nonviolent protesters were being brutalized in the South. He had a speech at the university of California in 1966 where he addressed this issue of freedom in the black community in which he challenged the “civil rights leadership by rejecting integration and calling on blacks to oust whites from the freedom movement.” Because of Stokely Carmichael the freedom movement for blacks was heightened and was taken more seriously by whites and by other blacks and is also a main reason for blacks having the freedom we do today.
Although many laws were passed that recognized African Americans as equals, the liberties they had been promised were not being upheld. Hoffman, Blum, and Gjerde state that “Union League members in a North Carolina county, upon learning of three or four black men who ‘didn’t mean to vote,’ threatened to ‘whip them’ and ‘made them go.’ In another country, ‘some few colored men who declined voting’ were, in the words of a white conservative, ‘bitterly persecute[ed]” (22). Black codes were also made to control African Americans. Norton et al. states that “the new black codes compelled former slaves to carry passes, observe a curfew, live in housing provided by a landowner, and give up hope of entering many desirable occupations” (476). The discrimination and violence towards African Americans during this era and the laws passed that were not being enforced were very disgraceful. However, Reconstruction was a huge stepping stone for the way our nation is shaped today. It wasn’t pretty but it was the step our nation needed to take. We now live in a country where no matter the race, everyone is considered equal. Reconstruction was a success. Without it, who knows where our nation would be today. African American may have never gained the freedoms they have today without the
Prior to the Civil War and Reconstruction, the main goal of the African American population was to be granted freedom. African Americans had been enslaved since 1619 in America, when the first slaves were sold on the auction block. However, their concepts of freedom were extremely romanticized and highly unrealistic as a direct result of the atrocities they witnessed and endured in the institution of slavery. They visualized the abolition of slavery to be comparable with the coming of Jesus Christ. Yet when politics made that day become reality on January 1, 1863, the newly freed men and women were utterly disappointed and in disarray. After living their lives under the institution of slavery, the former slaves were literally left to survive on their own without the proper tools such as opportunities, provisions, or education. This race of people, for whom it was illegal to learn to read or write and even to congregate in groups of three or more, was now released into the same society that had enslaved them, and which was now supposed to open its arms and accept them as equals. Along with this freedom came a sudden change in identity, a clinging to faith, and a supposed new placement within society.
In Living for the City, Donna Murch details the origins and the rise to prominence the Black Panther Party experienced during the 1960s and into the 1970s. The Civil Rights Movement and eventually the Black Panther Movement of Oakland, California emerged from the growing population of migrating Southern African Americans who carried with them the traditional strength and resolve of the church community and family values. Though the area was heavily driven by the massive movement of industrialization during World War II, the end of the war left a period of economic collapse and social chaos in its wake. The Black Panther Party was formed in this wake; driven by continuing violence against the African American youth by the local police forces, the Black Panther Party’s roots consisted mostly of educational meetings of local African American college students.
It is true that people were free and that black Americans became involved in the political system, but this didn’t last long. After the civil war there was the so called “period of hope”, blacks were able to have a significant impact on shaping the society, they were able to express freedom in many ways and they in fact got those freedoms granted thanks to the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments . But in the south white Americans still argued that society had no obligation to the former slaves and the reconstruction act didn’t change much, and certainly didn’t granted freedom to all mankind. In fact, not happy with the recent amendments, new violent unions started to form such as the K.K.K as they believed that violence could resolve the
After hundreds of years of slavery in the western world, the end of the American Civil War brought forth a new age of questions which debated what rights qualifed as unalienable civil and human rights, and who should be afforded them. Whether it be the right to marry, the right to own land, the right to work, the right to vote, or the right to be a citizen, African Americans had to fight for and prove that these were rights that could not be denied to them as freedmen in America. After the Civil War and the abolishment of slavery, there was a great split in opinion between white and black Americans about what American freedom entailed and whether or not African Americans had fair access to it.
Throughout history, African Americans have encountered an overwhelming amount of obstacles for justice and equality. You can see instances of these obstacles especially during the 1800’s where there were various forms of segregation and racism such as the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan terrorism, Jim- Crow laws, voting restrictions. These negative forces asserted by societal racism were present both pre and post slavery. Although blacks were often seen as being a core foundation for the creation of society and what it is today, they never were given credit for their work although forced. This was due to the various laws and social morals that were sustained for over 100 years throughout the United States. However, what the world didn’t know was that African Americans were a strong ethnic group and these oppressions and suffrage enabled African Americans for greatness. It forced African Americans to constantly have to explore alternative routes of intellectuality, autonomy and other opportunities to achieve the “American Dream” especially after the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were passed after the Civil War.
The Black Panther Party was born to elevate the political, social, and economic status of Blacks. The means the Party advocated in their attempt to advance equality were highly unconventional and radical for the time, such as social programs for under privileged communities and armed resistance as a means of self preservation. The Party made numerous contributions to Black’s situation as well as their esteem, but fell victim to the ‘system’ which finds it nearly impossible to allow Blacks entry into the dominant culture. Thus, the rise and fall of a group of Black radicals, as presented by Elaine Brown in A Taste of Power, can be seen to represent the overall plight of the American Black: a system which finds it impossible to give Blacks equality.
The Black Panther Party made blacks more progressive in trying to be more equal and more willing to fight for justice. Their self-determination to come together and stand up for themselves, as one was a stepping-stone for blacks to fight for themselves and the good of their people, also to make sure blacks could be treated equally both socially and politically in society. The Black Panther Party was started in Oakland, California in 1966, when “Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton took up arms and declared themselves apart of a global revolution against American imperialism” (Bloom). They wanted to empower the black people to stand up for themselves and defend themselves against the police and their unjust ways. The police were the oppressor’s that kept blacks down and kept blacks from gaining any self-rights.
The fight for equality has been fought for many years throughout American History and fought by multiple ethnicities. For African Americans this fight was not only fought to gain equal civil rights but also to allow a change at achieving the American dream. While the United States was faced with the Civil Rights Movements a silent storm brewed and from this storm emerged a social movement that shook the ground of the Civil Right Movement, giving way to a new movement that brought with it new powers and new fears. The phrase “Black power” coined during the Civil Right Movement for some was a slogan of empowerment, while other looked at it as a threat and attempted to quell this Black Power Movement.
It wasn’t easy being an African American, back then they had to fight in order to achieve where they are today, from slavery and discrimination, there was a very slim chance of hope for freedom or even citizenship. This longing for hope began to shift around the 1950’s. During the Civil Rights Movement, where discrimination still took place, it was the time when African Americans started to defend their rights and honor to become freemen like every other citizen of the United States. African Americans were beginning to gain recognition after the 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868, which declared all people born natural in the United States and included the slaves that were previously declared free. However, this didn’t prevent the people from disputing against the constitutional law, especially the people in the South who continued to retaliate against African Americans and the idea of integration in white schools....
After the strong surge of the civil rights movement’s first years, outrage and disappointment was expanding among numerous African Americans, who saw obviously that genuine equality in social and political settings were still unfair. In the late 1960s and mid 1970s, this dissatisfaction filled the ascent of the Black Power development. The conventional social equality development and its accentuation on peacefulness, did not go sufficiently far, and the government enactment it had accomplished neglected to address the monetary and social weaknesses confronting blacks in America. Dark Power was a type of both self– definition and self– barrier for African Americans; it approached them to quit looking to the foundations of white America—which