. In the activity when Hyperventilation occurs there is not enough carbon dioxide in the blood. During hyperventilation the tidal volume is larger, which removes the carbon dioxide faster than it can replenish it. This is also called respiratory alkalosis; the renal system is able to compensate for respiratory alkalosis by increasing the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide levels and then decreasing the pH levels. In the experiment when we went from normal breathing to hyperventilation our Min Pco2 went from 40 to 25.94. Our pH then went from 7.40 to 7.58 max pH. When the hyperventilation stopped and the trace flat lined, this showed that the breathing was suspended. The body had to restore the Pco2 levels back to the normal value. During this activity we had the normal breathing at 40 Pco2 max and 7.39max pH and then we went to rebreathing and it jumped to 52.09 max Pco2 and 7.42 max pH. The rebreathing resulted in respiratory acidosis because the pH fell below 7.35. Our min pH was at 7.25. But the Pco2 levels …show more content…
and pH levels both increased. This is said to be hypoventilation, impaired respiration. This then leads to having abundant carbon dioxide in the blood. The renal system is able to make up for this by decreasing the Pco2 levels and increasing the pH levels. The kidneys are what regulate the acid base balance by altering what we learned about in the experiment, the H+ and HCO3.
The hydrogen ions and sodium ions exchange places during the formation of urine. For every H+ that enters the urine, one Na ion is reabsorbed from the urine into the blood and is then conserved. Then for every H+ ion that is emitted and Na ion that is saved, one bicarbonate ion is reabsorbed into the blood. When we lowered the Pco2 there was a decreased concentration of ions in the urine, but elevated HCO3 in the urine. This means that all the ions are now in the blood. This can be recognized as hyperventilation/alkalosis, because of the depletion of carbon dioxide. This results in an elevated blood pH. When we raised the Pco2, H+ elevated and the HCO3 decreased. Since there are increased ions in the urine, this means that the ions are being secreted. This can be recognized as acidosis, since there was a lower than normal blood
pH. As we decreased the metabolic rate in this activity blood pH and HCO3 went up, BPM, Pco2 and H+ went down, this is called metabolic alkalosis. When there is a decrease in metabolic rate it causes less carbon dioxide to form as a metabolic waste product. Which then results in less H+ and a higher pH. The respiratory system compensates for this by stimulating the buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood. Where as in metabolic acidosis there is an increase in metabolic rate, which makes the pH and HCO3 both low. This causes more carbon dioxide to form as a waste product, which results in more H+ forming.
The unknown bacterium that was handed out by the professor labeled “E19” was an irregular and raised shaped bacteria with a smooth texture and it had a white creamy color. The slant growth pattern was filiform and there was a turbid growth in the broth. After all the tests were complete and the results were compared the unknown bacterium was defined as Shigella sonnei. The results that narrowed it down the most were the gram stain, the lactose fermentation test, the citrate utilization test and the indole test. The results for each of the tests performed are listed in Table 1.1 below.
After the subjects submerged their faces into 15 and 5 degree water, their heart rates decreased. When the resting heart rate was recorded, it showed a regular heart rate. As shown on the graph, once the subject held their breath, the heart rate increased. It is expected for the heart rate to decrease during apnea because less oxygen is being used meaning your heart is doing less work. Once you breathe again, the heart rate will increase due to homeostasis.
In this lab, I took two recordings of my heart using an electrocardiogram. An electrocardiogram, EKG pg. 628 Y and pg. 688 D, is a recording of the heart's electrical impulses, action potentials, going through the heart. The different phases of the EKG are referred to as waves; the P wave, QRS Complex, and the T wave. These waves each signify the different things that are occurring in the heart. For example, the P wave occurs when the sinoatrial (SA) node, aka the pacemaker, fires an action potential. This causes the atria, which is currently full of blood, to depolarize and to contract, aka atrial systole. The signal travels from the SA node to the atrioventricular (AV) node during the P-Q segment of the EKG. The AV node purposefully delays
a) Urinalysis with significantly increased amounts of blood (via dipstick and sediment), protein, and leukocytes as well as slightly increased bilirubin and slightly decreased pH;
Cardiovascular Activity And How it Influences the body. Introduction: Cardiovascular fitness is a form of aerobic fitness (Neporent and Egan 1997). There are many different ways of evaluating the amount of oxygen used during cardiovascular fitness and one the methods involved is called VO2 Max. VO2 Max is the maximum amount of oxygen that the body can hold.
The cause for the acid-base balance would be the sedative, the patient’s weight which is obese, respiratory, bicarbonate and metabolic problem.
The study of cardio physiology was broken up into five distinct parts all centering on the cardiovascular system. The first lab was utilization of the electrocardiogram (ECG). This studied the electrical activities of the heart by placing electrodes on different parts of the skin. This results in a graph on calibrated paper of these activities. These graphs are useful in the diagnosis of heart disease and heart abnormalities. Alongside natural heart abnormalities are those induced by chemical substances. The electrocardiogram is useful in showing how these chemicals adjust the electrical impulses that it induces.
who has lost a lot of his or her oxygen cc exchanging ability, due to the
...on dioxide, within the body, affecting the pH balance of the blood. This will then affect proteins within the body, being known as enzymes, which can only function if their surrounding environment is in balance. Any alteration to this environment, will prevent the enzymes from functioning effectively.
To demonstrate the efficacy of a novel functional lung imaging method that utilizes single-inhalation, single-energy xenon CT (Xe-CT) lung ventilation scans, and to compare it against the current clinical standard, ventilation single-photon emission CT (V-SPECT).
The medication of paracetamol can be administered in various ways and they are sold in different formulations. The common dosage comes in tablets form of 500 mg, in dispersible fizzy tablets (500 mg) and oral suspensions. It can also be bought in capsules as a mixture with other API like caffeine and codeine.
The purpose of this experiment was to gather data on how the amount of time spent active impacts the speed of heart rate in beats per minute. The hypothesis stated that if the amount of time active is lengthened then the speed of the heart rate is expected to rise because when one is active, the cells of the body are using the oxygen quickly. The heart then needs to speed up in order to maintain homeostasis by rapidly providing oxygen to the working cells. The hypothesis is accepted because the data collected supports the initial prediction. There is a relationship between the amount of time spent active and the speed of heart rate: as the amount of time spent active rose, the data displayed that the speed that the heart was beating at had also increased. This relationship is visible in the data since the average resting heart rate was 79 beats per minutes, while the results show that the average heart rate after taking part in 30 seconds of activity had risen to 165 beats per minute, which is a significantly larger amount of beats per minute compared to the resting heart rate. Furthermore, the average heart rates after 10 and 20 seconds of activity were 124 and 152 beats per minute, and both of which are higher than the original average resting heartbeat of 79.
AIM: - the aim of this experiment is to find out what the effects of exercise are on the heart rate. And to record these results in various formats. VARIABLES: - * Type of exercise * Duration of exercise * Intensity of exercise * Stage of respiration
Stefanie Freeman Asthma Report Youngstown State University November 21, 2016.. Etiology Asthma is an incurable illness. Since there is no cure for asthma, the goal is to manage asthma symptoms. Asthma management helps prevent worsening of symptoms and lowers the risk of morbidity and mortality (Kim, Mazza, 2011, p. 4). There are a few different methods of asthma management.
Changes in altitude have a profound effect on the human body. The body attempts to maintain a state of homeostasis or balance to ensure the optimal operating environment for its complex chemical systems. Any change from this homeostasis is a change away from the optimal operating environment. The body attempts to correct this imbalance. One such imbalance is the effect of increasing altitude on the body’s ability to provide adequate oxygen to be utilized in cellular respiration.