Instrument Details
Name: Hydrometer
Operation: A hydrometer is a measurement instrument used to measure the relative density of liquids, the ratio of a density of a liquid to the density of water.
A hydrometer consists of a thin glass tube sealed at both ends and has a graduated scale. One end of the tube is usually weighted with mercury and bulb shaped, the mercury causes the instrument to float upright in a liquid. A hydrometer jar, a second glass tube is filled with the liquid being measured. The hydrometer is placed in the hydrometer jar containing the liquid and the relative density is measured at the point where the hydrometer jar aligns with a point on the graduated scale.
Hydrometers have many uses which include uses
…show more content…
Any chips caused by dropping or misuse of the instrument can cause a change in mass. Additionally, when dealing with some liquids there can be a chemical affinity between the liquid and the stem, depending on the material of which the hydrometer is composed. This can cause a buildup of material on the stem, altering the mass and thereby rendering the instrument out of calibration. o A hydrometer would not be considered to be within calibration if it was not operating under the specific range of temperature outlined on its calibration report, as density changes with a change in temperature. It is not possible to remedy this, as a hydrometer is a precision instrument designed and calibrated to function at certain temperatures. o General uncertainty – the quality of the readings of most instruments decreases over time due to any number of environmental and internal factors, as frequent calibration is necessary. When several consecutive incorrect readings are taken for a liquid of known specific density, it is clear that the hydrometer is out of
When the liquid level is above the calibration line on the pipette, remove the bulb quickly and put your thumb or index finger over the pipette. Carefully “roll” finger to the side and allow the liquid to drop until the meniscus is level with the mark. Then hold the pipette over the flask to receive the liquid and remove the finger. Allow the liquid to drain out.
the replicate shows the same trend as the first experiment. I used a measuring cylinder and a beaker to measure out the amounts of water; however these did not seem to affect the quality of my results. To increase the accuracy of my results I could have perhaps used a burette. Even though I did the best I could to keep the experiment accurate, I did. some places there were mistakes that unintentionally occurred.
Throughout The Awakening, water the main motif serves as a catalyst to the metamorphosis of Edna. During the length of the story Edna goes through a process of changes that coincides with the presence of water. Water serves as a conduit for liberation and empowerment that facilitates the rebirth and even death of Edna. In this essay I will argue that the motif of water represents the continual transformations that occur within Edna throughout the story.
The viscosity of the corn syrup, measured in seconds it takes for an iron ball to move downwards in the fluid.
In this experiment, there were several objectives. First, this lab was designed to determine the difference, if any, between the densities of Coke and Diet Coke. It was designed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of several lab equipment measurements. This lab was also designed to be an introduction to the LabQuest Data and the Logger Pro data analysis database. Random, systematic, and gross errors are errors made during experiments that can have significant effects to the results. Random errors do not really have a specific cause, but still causes a few of the measurements to either be a little high or a little low. Systematic errors occur when there are limitations or mistakes on lab equipment or lab procedures. These kinds of errors cause measurements to be either be always high or always low. The last kind of error is gross errors. Gross errors occur when machines or equipment fail completely. However, gross errors usually occur due to a personal mistake. For this experiment, the number of significant figures is very important and depends on the equipment being used. When using the volumetric pipette and burette, the measurements are rounded to the hundredth place while in a graduated cylinder, it is rounded to the tenth place.
In a Styrofoam cup, record the temperature of the 200 ml of cold water. This is 200 g of water, as the density of water is 1 g/ml.
The scale reading has to be zero before weighing the spirit burner and alcohol. Alcohol must be weighed accurately. During weighing the spirit lamp must be covered to avoid evaporation of the alcohol. The alcohol has to be weighed accurately before and after the experiment. The alcohol has to be blown out immediately when the water temperature has been raised 30 degrees; it must be covered after the experiment to avoid evaporation.
Start with the hot water and first measure the temperature. Record it. 8. Then pour 40 ml into the beaker. You can measure how much water was used by looking at the meniscus.
One possible source of experimental error could be not having a solid measurement of magnesium hydroxide nor citric acid. This is because we were told to measure out between 5.6g-5.8g for magnesium hydroxide and 14g-21g for citric acid. If accuracy measures how closely a measured value is to the accepted value and or true value, then accuracy may not have been an aspect that was achieved in this lab. Therefore, not having a solid precise measurement and accurate measurement was another source of experimental error.
A staff gauge normally consists of a measuring plate fixed to a post set in concrete. The measuring plate is typically made up of coated steel or stable FRP with increasing increments of 0.01 m. The staff gauge is fastened to a concrete or steel pole that has slots to adjust the level of the plate. Staff gauges may also be painted on a well-established and stable structure, like a bridge pier or retaining wall. At all hydrometric stations a staff gauge is required to measure the water level. The staff gauge is used as the main way of obtaining the level, or as a reference gauge to cross reference the water level recorder.
.... Without knowledge of the reliability and validity of these two instruments we are unable to know if the instruments are consistent or if they measure what they intend to measure.
Possible sources of error in this experiment include the inaccuracy of measurements, as correct measurements are vital for the experiment.
Part A of the experiment, we were measuring the density of water. In this part, we measured by difference by measuring the mass of the empty graduated cylinder which was 46.35 grams and then added 25.0 milliliters of water to it. When subtracting by difference, our mass of the water was 25.85 grams. This was close to the measurements of the water added to the graduated cylinder. The density of the water was 1.0 grams/milliliters.
The cheapest way to generate electricity, today, is hydropower. The reason for that is, once a dam has been constructed and equipment installed, the source of the energy is free. It is a fuel source that is renewable because of things like snow and rainfall. Engineers may control the water flow on demand.
The barometer is a device for measuring the total pressure of the atmosphere. A primitive barometer can easily be constructed by taking a glass tube about a meter long, sealing one end, filling the tube completely with mercury, placing your thumb firmly over the open end, and carefully inverting the tube into an open dish filled with mercury. The mercury will fall to a height independent of the diameter of the tube and a vacuum will be created above it.