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The relationship between animals and humans
The relationship between animals and humans
Animal-human relationships
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Humans and animals have always coexisted together for as long as man could remember and exist. They would hunt each other for survival, sometimes man would come out as the victor, and sometimes it was the animal. Mankind would feast on them like they would feast on us. With time, this relationship would change. The animals would become our companions as well as being our food. They would become our hunting tools, such as in tracking prey. They would later be used as our means of transport and also as labor tools, such as when humans would need help working on their farmland. Let’s not forget that they also provide us with entertainment, such as in a zoo or as a circus attraction. Although only some cultures still consider some animals as sacred, most of us look down on them, consider them inferior to us. There was however a time when we worshipped them more and even admired them. We will explore this worship and admiration of animals in this essay as we compare and contrast the depictions of animals in the Upper Paleolithic period in cave arts and in Ancient Egypt in order to identify the presence of a shift, if there was one, in our reverence of animals in between both periods.
If we were to put a time when mankind started worshipping animals, we would have to start during the Upper Paleolithic period during which most cave arts originated from. Why are cave arts indicative of the start of a reverence for animals, one might ask. Well, if we were to observe the way they depicted humans and animals in the cave arts, the amount of detail they put on animals indicate to us that there is a sort of admiration for an aspect of the animal, or even it as a whole. As Jean Clottes reported in his article about cave arts, “[the images of ani...
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...nimals were representatives of them. Basically, we passed from revering the animal directly to revering the animals as intermediates for higher beings. However, since animals are, in the Ancient Egyptians’ eyes, representatives of gods, they still put animals on a higher rank than themselves, like the cavemen seemed to also do, since they believed that those animals who are representatives of gods had the ability to ward off evil.
Works Cited
Clottes, Jean. “Paleolithic Cave Art in France.” Bradshaw Foundation. Bradshaw Foundation. n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2014.
Das, Sheila Marie. Class Notes, Winter 2014
Ikram, Salima. Divine Creatures: Animal Mummies in Ancient Egypt. New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 2005. 1-15. Print.
Malek, Jaromir. The Cat in Ancient Egypt. London: British Museum Press for the Trustees of the British Museum, 1993. 73-92. Print.
The Egyptians during this period took ample time and detail on the mummification process to ensure a successful transition from the netherworld to rebirth. The Coffin of Tentkhonsu, 1025-980 B.C., it’s a depiction of how the Egyptians valued and honored their elite members of society, as well as their gods. The Coffin of Tentkhonsu, itself dates back to the III intermediate period in Egyptian culture. The Egyptian believe was to join Osiris, whom was believed to have ascended to Netherworld and accomplished eternal life.
I visited the Oriental Institute of Chicago Museum, which contains various artifacts, I choose a Model Hippopotamus from Egypt. The hippopotamus is dated to Egypt’s Middle Kingdom, circa 1878 BC. According to wall text at the Oriental Institute of Chicago, hippopotamuses in Egyptian culture represented the enemies of the ruler. I was attracted to the Model Hippopotamus based on its size/shape, lines, texture, and the color.
A prehistoric archaeologist’s goal, as per Scupin and DeCorse (2013:5), is to decipher the beliefs and mindset of past societies, particularly early inhabitants of Europe and America, through their material culture, such as the cave art found in Lascaux. This cave, located in southern France, contains what is believed to be one of the oldest artistic representations of wild animals and art; it has captured the interest of numerous scientists, philosophers and historians, all of whom wish to make sense of these enigmatic images (Lippit 2002:20). With the multitude of minds working to decode these images, it comes as no surprise that there are a variety of unique interpretations of these paintings today. Most explanations are formulated through the extrapolation of an analysis conducted upon a specific scene within the larger picture, and seek to understand the ethos of the species painting it. More specifically, the study of the ‘accident scene’ has led to two prominent explanations, which state that these paintings depict the challenges of life, or have religious significance to healing or the hunt. However, both articles indirectly agree that these paintings represent the beginning of humanity’s self-awareness.
Vandecruys, G. "The Sphinx: dramatising data… and dating." PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt 1 (2006): 1-13.
Perhaps the most notorious of burial practices originating in Egypt is that of mummification. Why such an extraordinary attempt was made to preserve cadavers may seem
"The Role of Cats in Ancient Egypt." The Role of Cats in Ancient Egypt. N.p., 22 Mar. 1998. Web. 3 Aug. 2013.
The Lascaux Cave in Dordogne, France is important to scientists because it explains the civilization’s culture and history in painting and the people’s artistic talents and use of paints. Further, the quality and bright paintings show animals, bison, deer, bears [Fig.1-4] and large mammoth animals. The cave and the paintings are significant because there are generations of paintings amongst one another. For instance [Fig.5] shows a horse that was painted over of the bull and then some smaller horses that were painted over that. Therefore, the paintings were done over a long period of time with many different painters and represents different time periods; archeologists saw that the people lived in a cave beside this one, so this cave could have been more spiritual and if there was many animals painted in the cave the people would believe that there would be enough food for them in the forests (Bolman, n.d.) It also supports animism, which is the belief that natural objects, natural phenomena, and the universe itself possess souls (Animism, 2014). The paintings reflect the development...
An important communication tool was utilized during the Neolithic time. Cave drawings are essential to archeologists today because it is man’s method to illustrate the story of evolution. The symbols, colors, and locations will catch the eye of many, but the ultimate question still remains. How do the cave and rock drawings connect to the prehistoric times? Why is it important? Where is it located? The importance of Art presents archeologist with a picture into the Past. From Cave and rock art, to the preservation of the paintings, to finally the meaning behind the art, archeologists then can discover how people lived and what it was like back then.
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