Human wildlife conflict is defined by the world wide fund for nature (WWF) as “any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impacts on human social, economic or cultural life, on the conservation of wildlife populations, or on the environment.” Although 60% of Bhutan’s biodiversity is under forest coverage, human wildlife conflict still prevails in Bhutan due to population explosion. As per Wangdi (2013), “human wildlife conflict is mainly due to expanding of human population into the resources available in search of food and shelter which creates intense competition between wildlife and man.” More than 70% of population depends directly on crops and livestock production for their livelihood. Hence the human wildlife Due to this drawback of the farmers wild animals tend to visit the nearby human area or settlement and attacked the livestock and damaged the crops. Since, most of the Bhutanese people depend upon the subsistence farming they cannot afford to lose their source of livelihood to the wild animals. Many cases of wildlife attack on domesticated animals and crops have been forwarded to government with the hope of getting help from the government. It was noted that animal crop loss faced by the farmer ranged from 0.3 to 18% of the total household income. On average farmers spend about two months a year guardian their maize and rice from wildlife. Farmers also reported livestock depredation by wild predators totaling 2.3% of their domestic animals over the past Research has shown that the very reason for the wildlife to come near the human settlement area is due to explosion of population and lack of resources that force people to extend their settlement further, destroying the habitant of wildlife and causing disturbance in the food chain of animals. Wildlife with no choice migrates down to human settlement area, looking for the food and the place to live. For instance, in the past year, a bear attacked a farmer and caused many damages to the crop in
Thesis: The population of white-tail deer in Alabama has drastically increased over the past century causing significant damage to property and homeowners, caused by hunters being less active.
In the last decade, from the Rockies to New England and the Deep South, rural and suburban areas have been beset by white-tailed deer gnawing shrubbery and crops, spreading disease and causing hundreds of thousands of auto wrecks. But the deer problem has proved even more profound, biologists say. Fast-multiplying herds are altering the ecology of forests, stripping them of native vegetation and eliminating niches for other wildlife. ' 'I don 't want to paint deer as Eastern devils, ' ' said Dr. McShea, a wildlife biologist associated with the National Zoo in Washington, ' 'but this is indicative of what happens when an ecosystem is out of whack. ' ' The damage is worse than anyone expected, he and other scientists say. Higher deer densities have affected growth, survival, and reproduction of many plant species which have aesthetic, economic or ecological value. In some cases, many species of trees have also been shown to have reduced growth as a result of high deer density (Environmental Benefits of Hunting, 1). Deer prefer certain plant species over others and frequently feed on economically valuable tree species. For example, they prefer oak and sugar maple seedlings, as well as acorns, over less palatable species like American Beech and striped maple. Thus, less marketable species are more likely to survive to maturity,
Vivisections, medical research that harms the research subject without providing any benefits to them, is supported by philosophy professor R.G Frey on the basis that the using and killing of animals is morally permissible because humans' quality of life exceeds animals' quality of life. Frey does not disregard the fact that vivisections harm animals, he sees no difference in the pain felt by humans and animals; nonetheless, Frey does not believe that all members of the moral community have lives of equal value. He believes that sacrificing the lives of those with less value is better than sacrificing the lives of those with higher values. Therefore, Frey defends the act of vivisections on the basis that humans' lives are of greater moral value
Natural predators assist in maintaining this delicate balance by killing on the weakest and sickest animals. However, hunters kill healthy animals who they can find to satisfy their different needs including killing animals as a form of game, trophy or the famous poaching of animals for tusks. The poaching of elephants and rhinos for tusks worldwide is believed to have increased the number of animals without tusks in Africa (Whitfield, 2003). In the last 40 years in Canada, hunting has resulted in bighorn horns of sheep to fall by 25% (Whitfield, 2003). In case hunting of animals, especially poaching continues globally, the number of animal species will decrease rapidly, resulting in extinction of specific species, such as the African rhinos and elephants. A report in Nature Magazine suggests that the decrease of animals may have an effect on the population’s genetics because the weakest animals will pass weak genes to their offspring causing an entire species to have defects. Therefore, it is better for hunters to let nature kill off the weak and sick animals for the preservation of the
In regards to the degree in which conflict was present in Prehistoric North America, disagreement within the archaeological community as to the extent that which it occurred exists in spite of the plentiful amount of evidence in the form of defensive structures, iconography, materials of war, and skeletal remains. Each article of this Literature Review covers a different region of the North American continent, and between them the various kinds of evidence come with. Across the continent, a trend of violent indication can be found, but the disagreement comes from the nature of the people, the cause of the war, and the impact war had on polities, and vice versa. Using Patricia Lamberts “A North American Perspective” as a reference to chronology of the regions study, (excepting the Eastern Woodlands which I chose to begin with due to relevance in class) I hope to piece together a clearer picture of how the evidence of conflict varies, and what factors might influence the differences in causation of warfare across the continent.
Some other mammal like reptiles arise from the pelycosaurs by the center of Permian period known as therapsid.
It is ridiculous to imagine that 80% of all of the world’s agricultural land is being used for animal production. These resources could be used to feel millions of hungry/malnourished families (Duden).
Over 2 million animals are killed every year, almost all of these animals had never felt the embrace of a loving person. Animal rights are very conservational because some people think animals are things, they do not see them as living beings, and just see them as if they are just something that can be replaced. Everything done to animals have emotional effects on them and they are not things that just do not feel pain. Animals should have similar rights as humans because animals feel pain just as much as humans do, have emotions just as humans, and they have things that humans have.
Poaching has been defined as the illegal hunting and capturing of wild animals. Until the 20th century poaching mostly consisted of game and fish being taken by impoverished peasants. Over the years poaching has become a serious threat to wildlife in Africa. The Black Rhino, African Elephant, Lion, Mountain Gorilla, and Grevy’s Zebra. If any one species gets wiped out it will completely disrupt the food chain. The Black Rhino population has gone down 97.6 percent since the 1960’s and up to 35,000 elephants were killed last year. Poaching has put these beautiful animals in endangerment. Endangered animals are slaughtered for a single body part like tusks, pelts, or bones. These parts are sold illegally for large sums of money. At the rate these
Everyone’s all seen those wildlife shows on tv. The shows on National Geographic and such, showing animals in beautiful environments, everything lush and growing and nothing at all wrong that could threaten these creatures and places. But, have anyone seen the other side? The side where all these beautiful creatures and plants starve, are decimated by predators that have never been there before, and sometime even become poisoned by their very own homes and habitats? Of course no one has. That doesn’t mean that its not happening. It is happening, and its happening everywhere. And guess who is to blame? People. Society. Humans as a race pollute the environment, hunt animals simply for their parts, fish way more than humans will ever need just for the sake of money, introduce new species to new places for our own gain, and even purposefully destroy entire regions just for human expansion. And its starting to take its toll. While it is true that nature is constantly in flux and certain species come and go, humans are causing more species to disappear in the past few hundred years then nature has ever caused since the age of the dinosaurs, and therefore it is up to humans to repair the damage caused, be it cleaning the environment and habitats of these creatures, or taking more direct action to protect and preserve the species that are on the brink of extinction.
To every pet owner, how would it feel if your pet spent the rest of their life in a cage, while another living being applies different chemicals over and over again to see if it causes any reaction? This is what any mice, rabbit, frog, dogs have to deal with every day in order to provide humans with new medicine and products. Animal testing has been occurring for decades in order to help out medicine and the beauty industry. Many scientists have accepted the fact that animal testing can be an essential contribution to discovering new medicine. Unfortunately, animals are being used for experiments on a daily basis and being exploited for consumerism. Animal testing should not be allowed and there should be stricter laws against it or find other methods to do experiments.
Animals are taken from their natural habitat and conveyed to a laboratory, an entirely new world to them. Experimented and enslaved in a cage on a daily basis and they can’t do anything about it. People believe that just because they are animals they do not have sentiments, but on the contrary animals are just like humans. Not in the physical aspect, but indeed are similar in the mental aspect. It is not fair for animals to be treated harshly when they have done nothing wrong. Humans take away their rights to live freely in their habitat, allowing them to contribute to their ecosystem. Science has advanced abundantly, scientist should not be required to perform experiments on animals there are other resources that can
Although it may not seem saving or protecting endangered animals is important, it actually and truly is important because animals around the world are being killed for wildlife market goods which is illegal and destroys the species population in that environment. Citizens should take more concern with taking care of these endangered animals before they become totally extinct and will no longer be seen on the face of the earth. Recently researchers have found that poachers (hunters who hunt animals for their value with trading illegal merchandise) are killing thousands of animals a day, and they are doing so even to this day. These species should be treated with more responsibility and care. They are even being killed by human interactions
Nowadays it is common to read articles in newspapers and magazines regarding biodiversity issues. Human beings have been knowingly and unknowingly destroying biodiversity since their existence. Biodiversity is the measure of the variety of species of animals living in an area. Forests are usually areas with high biodiversity while deserts are the opposite. Human beings have always destroyed biodiversity either by deforestation, or by some other means. Biodiversity depletion is a natural phenomenon. But the present levels of biodiversity depletion are many times higher than the natural rate. Recently the levels of loss in biodiversity have started causing global concern. Some of the main causes for loss in biodiversity are alteration of habitats, increasing levels of pollution and human population growth.