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Describe the symbolism of darkness in Heart of Darkness
Themes related to heart of darkness
Imagery and symbolism in the heart of darkness
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The novel Heart of Darkness features several influential themes that elicit a plethora of emotions in readers. However, there is one particular theme that is displayed predominantly throughout the entire book. The author of this novel, Joseph Conrad, features this theme by using different literary devices. In Conrad's novel, he uses the literary elements of symbolism, figurative language, and Biblical allusions to demonstrate the theme of human depravity when removed from civilization. The author uses the literary element of symbolism to demonstrate the theme of human depravity when removed from civilization. In particular, Kurtz's painting of a blindfolded woman holding a torch symbolizes the Europeans' ignorance of the horrific events in the Congo. The Europeans believed that the company was helping the natives by …show more content…
Marlow compares the Congo to a whited sepulcher which is the biblical allusion of when Jesus called the Pharisees white-washed tombs in the New Testament. Jesus was saying that the Pharisees looked nice on the outside but were filled with darkness and debauchery on the inside. "In a very few hours I arrived in a city that always makes me think of a whited sepulcher. (page 7) This quote from Marlow displays the theme of human depravity when removed from civilization because he is comparing the inside of the Congo to the biblical allusion of darkness and death. Conrad uses another biblical allusion in part one in which Marlow compares the river of the Congo to a snake, which is an allusion of sin because sin is fascinating and deadly "And the river was there – fascinating – deadly like a snake." (page 7) This statement from Marlow is representative of the theme of human depravity when removed from civilization because Marlow is comparing the entire Congo to the biblical allusion of sin and
The oppression, which is inflicted upon the Congo in the hope of spreading imperialism, is highlighted by the main characters. Both Kurtz and Nathan seek to change the very lives and beliefs of the people of the Congo and establish supremacy over them, and both of these characters share a heart of darkness and a tainted determination in their endeavor. For Conrad’s pivotal character, the level of intelligence, sophistication, and civilization is the true dilemma in Africa. Kurtz goes to the Congo in order to civilize an uncivilized people, to make “savages” into upstanding men and women who can contribute to the productivity of society. Kingsolver, conversely, illustrates the push for a conversion of both church and state. The Poisonwood Bible depicts an invasion into a society, not merely of a people grouped together into “savages”, and shows that society being warped and forced to conform to American ideology. Rather than the sophistication of its people, Nathan journ...
Watts, Cedric. 'Heart of Darkness.' The Cambridge Companion to Joseph Conrad. Ed. J.H. Stape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 45-62.
Also, Kurtz alludes to ships and their expeditions as a way to foreshadow the truth of their nationalistic duty in the Congo. Kurtz narrates to the reader that the river’s service was only to ...
While forging into the unknown forests along the Congo River, Marlow notes that the farther they go, the more sinister everything seems. He comments that nature itself, “‘…seemed to beckon with a dishonouring flourish before the sunlit face of the land a treacherous appeal to the lurking death, to the hidden evil, to the profound darkness of its heart’” (Conrad 65). This passage hints that there are perhaps deeper, more malicious evils hiding within the jungle. The sunlight does not even seem to penetrate the incomprehensible dark, and Marlow feels the anxiousness of the unknown creeping upon him. As the Company continues on the river, they face a fog that disorients them for days. Marlow narrates the journey: “‘The rest of the world was nowhere, as far as our eyes and ears were concerned. Just nowhere. Gone, disappeared; swept off without leaving a whisper or a shadow behind’” (81). Through all the abnormal and frightening sounds that pervade the endlessly dense mist, Marlow senses they are approaching something that does not wish to be uncovered because the world disappears in the face of it. Demonstrating this concept, he says a few pages later, “‘The woods were unmoved, like a mask—heavy, like the closed door of a prison...’” (118). The so-called mask of the jungle hides what Marlow wants to find most: the elusive Mr. Kurtz, who later shows that the natural darkness in which he lives
The realism movement of the late nineteenth century produced works in literature that were marked by reduced sentimentality and increased objectivity. The goal was to let details tell the story, and remove noticeable bias of the author through scientific and detailed descriptions. While this form of storytelling undoubtedly is most accurate, it creates difficulties for authors to incorporate their themes into the story. This resulted in an increase in symbolism in realist works. The objects and descriptions within the story are the author’s vehicle for displaying the values and themes of the work. Light and darkness are symbols commonly used in literature, and have held specific symbolic meanings for hundreds of years. Simply stated, light commonly symbolizes good, while darkness symbolizes its antithesis - evil. (Cooper) For centuries light vs. dark has been quite possibly the most common symbol in all literature. In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad uses detail to create a feeling that transcends the literal text - most notably through his use of light and dark and the inversion of their traditional meanings. The end goal of this inversion is the establishment of the theme that not everything is as it seems. More specifically, Conrad uses detailed imagery of light and dark to show often times white men can be more savage than the natives.
This Universal Human Condition is a very broad topic which can be analyzed from many perspectives. The human condition composes the essentials of human existence, such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, conflict, and mortality. In the Heart of Darkness, “darkness” displays the inability to see any description of the human condition and its has profound implications. The racism in the Heart of Darkness is the result of the failure to see others. Failing to see another human being, failing to understand different religions, philosophy, history, art, literature, sociology, psychology, and biology, means failing to understand that individual and failing to establish any sort of sympathetic communion with him or her. Joseph Conrad illustrates
In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Kurtz and the Council demonstrates natural human needs in order to survive and achieve personal desires. His dissolution and corruption take place as he travels deep within the Congo. His behaviour that lacks moral ethics is accepted by everyone in the Congo due to the severity of the area. Kurtz’ imperialistic actions of obsession with power and wealth, and his view of colonialism lead to his ultimate dissolution. He believes that his way of darkness is good, although it is the sole reason to his corruption.
Marlow sits in Mr. Kurtz’s fiancée’s parlor, observing the Intended as she stretches her arms across a window. The simple gesture reminds Marlow of Kurtz’s mistress in the Congo, the one “bedecked with powerless charms, stretching bare brown arms over the glitter of the infernal stream, the stream of darkness” (71). He watches the Intended as she mourns the loss of her lover and then realizes that he must lie to her to prevent shattering her heart. Throughout The Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad supports William Saroyan’s quote, “Despise evil and ungodliness, but not men of ungodliness or evil. These understand,” by illustrating the varying degree of savageness in men; he reveals the goodness in men one expects to be evil through his depiction of Africans.
Asking the right questions is indeed an art form . It is however an even bigger burden to try to answer from an analytical presepective these subjective questions which inspire answers and explanations to the ultimate “why” and “how” . As readers we are obligated to carry with us an open mind, an analytical eye and room for suggestive arguments when trying to dissect a piece of writing. Joseph Conrad's novella Heart of Darkness offers the perfect platform for interpretation. With a dozen shades of foggy gray's, the short story is begging for a set of eyes that can see it through. Without proceeding too far into the novella, one can draw out a great deal of analytical suggestions as to what the title itself implies. The word Darkness seems to be a consistent theme throughout the book. So much so, that the amount of weight it carries has given it a special place on the cover. Many critics have found common ground on deciphering the interpretation of the word .The concept of darkness could be respresenting evil. However, some significant subjective questions remain unaswered: Exaclty which character in the novella has fallen victim to this evil? Is it Conrad himself, Marlow, Kurtz or the natives? All of them? Are there different forms in which this evil can manifest itself? Is it talking about darkness in the literal or figurative sense? Would we be considered naïve if we thought evil could be contained or is darkness a necessary evil we all posses and an undeniable part of our reality?
From the very moment Marlow speaks the reader is presented with light and dark imagery. It should be noted, however, that darkness seems to dominate. The light and dark, being binary oppositions, come to represent other binary oppositions, such as civilized and uncivilized, and of course good and evil. The primitive 'savages' are described as dark, both literally in regards to skin tone, but also in attitude and inwardly. Marlow calls the natives at the first station "black shadows of disease and starvation" (Conrad 20). A little further into the text, Marlow is horrified by what he is seeing, by the darkness he and the reader are being presented with. These are both excellent examples of the negativity towards the natives throughout the book. So, the darkness of the natives is a metaphor for their supposed incivility, evilness and primitiveness. However, if the reader looks a little deeper, they can see that this darkness also ...
In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Charles Marlow relates to his listeners aboard the Nellie the story of his service with a European company operating in the African Congo. Arriving in this European country to interview for employment, Marlow recalls, "I arrived in a city that always makes me think of a white sepulchre. Prejudice no doubt" (73). But whose prejudice is he speaking of: his or that of the citizens of that commercial center? Either way, his image is prophetic. The white sepulchre contains the remains of the countless Africans slaughtered by these colonizers--not in the form of corpses, but in the wealth that has been stolen from the African continent. The significance of the sepulchre's whiteness (and that of the longed-for ivory) lies in the contrasting images of a piece of white worsted and the starched white collars that Marlow comes upon in the jungles of the Congo. While the collars represent the violence, oppression, and hatred that dominate the European's treatment of the African, the white worsted is an attempt by ...
One interpretation of Marlow's relationship to colonialism is that he does not support it. Conrad writes, "They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing earthly now,-nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation, lying confusedly in the greenish gloom" (p. 27-28). Marlow says this and is stressing that the so-called "savages", or Africans, are being treated and punished like they are criminals or enemies when in fact they never did anything. He observes the slow torture of these people and is disgusted with it. Marlow feels sympathy for the black people being slaved around by the Europeans but doesn't do anything to change it because that is the way things are. One can see the sympathy by the way that he gives a starving black man one of his biscuits. "To tear treasure out of the bowels of the land was their desire, with no moral purpose at the back of it than there is in burglars breaking into a safe" (p. 54). This statement by Marlow conveys that he doesn't believe that the Europeans have a right to be stripping Africa of its riches. He views the Jungles of Africa as almost it's own living, breathing monster.
In Joseph Conrad's novel, Heart of Darkness the environment is often symbolic as well as literal. The novel contains both the "frame" narrator, an anonymous member of the "Nellie", representing the dominant society, and more importantly the primary narrator, Marlow, who too, is a product of the dominant society. For the novel's narrator, Marlow, the journey up the Congo River to the 'heart of darkness' is reminiscent of Guido's journey into hell in Dante's Inferno, with these literary allusion always present, through forms of intense imagery. The landscape takes on a hellish nature and the wilderness is personified. Death is omnipresent and this is reflected in the death imagery used to describe the cities of Brussels and London, the Congo region and Kurtz' station. The hypocrisy of 'society' and 'civilization' is reflected in the author's description of the "sepulchral city".
The book takes place in the Congo, which illustrates a naturally sinful place. This takes a toll on Kurtz, causing him to come back to his natural instincts of greed and evil desires. (Conrad) We are bound to fall back to our natural instincts when we are away from civilization. At one point, Kurtz is willing to take ones life in exchange for a small bit of ivory. (Conrad) The setting of the Congo causes anyone who takes a step in to refer back to their sinful nature. Conrad includes the river in the book. The river is viewed as a snake, representing deceit and lies. This goes hand in hand with the theme that humans are naturally
Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a great example of a Modernist novel because of its general obscurity. The language is thick and opaque. The novel is littered with words such as: inconceivable, inscrutable, gloom. Rather than defining characters in black and white terms, like good and bad, they entire novel is in different shades of gray. The unfolding of events takes the reader between many a foggy bank; the action in the book and not just the language echoes tones of gray.