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Administrative reforms of Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleons leadership skills
Napoleons leadership skills
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Introduction In this investigation I will be investigating Napoleon administration rather than his military tactics and strategy which he so famous was for. The question that will be researching will show Napoleon as a general but a governor. The question will be how was his policy makings and who did it affect, did the civil code have any effect on the army? And how did he dealt with his conquered nations. Main Body Napoleon is remembered as a great military commander but his tactics was no unknown there were many military theorist but Napoleon refined it but you must understand that he was an effective administrator because of his reforms like introduction the merit system back into the French system. During the napoleon era the rest of Europe was still using the feudal system with means everything from job, income, house, in the army was all …show more content…
determined by birth if you were farmer your life would have been difficult but if you were born into a noble family and you wanted to pursuit a military career it would have been much easier compared to a non-noble which was practically impossible to climb up the ladder in ranks. Before the French revolution the old system of government was called the ancien régime which was aristocratic system. Napoleon established a civil code that lives on to this day across the world.
It made all people equal before the law regardless of whether someone was of royal blood or a peasant. Napoleon created the Grande Armée, which was made up of French citizens. French soldiers marching and fighting across Europe, spreading the ideas of the revolution. Life under Napoleon’s regime was far better than people had under various other regimes. In Napoleonic influenced areas people were citizens no subjects. The people had some power over who was elected to government positions. There are two reason why Napoleon couldn’t keep the old system first was that means the revolution would have been a failure which might have led to another revolution. So if he kept the old system with the old nobles in power then Napoleon would have faced more rebellions in his time as ruler. The second reason is that financially he could have maintained the army but it would not have been the same because with the civil code the commanders of the army could come from non-noble birth with this the commanders and generals were based on skill and
merit. As Napoleon conquered nations, Napoleon instead of openly annexing the lands and have a central government to rule he instead placed his relatives in power and made them a satellite state. A satellite state is a country that is independent but the reality is it is under heavy political, economic and military influence or control of another country. Conclusion In conclusion, Napoleon’s administration where the merit system was implemented was better that most of other countries in Europe at that time. This allowed him to have the best commanders and generals which are based on the merit and skill not their status or family name. It affect all of the people of France and the whole of Europe because later on many countries would adopt this system of government in the upcoming years. If he kept the old system where everything is determined by birth then I believe that napoleon armies would have been crush because of incompetent military leaders. In napoleon’s army the generals are battle harden and so even if the army was strong but the leadership was terrible napoleon would have been defeated long before the invasion of Russia. The way that he dealt with the defeated nation would have be a family member in control over that nation so basically a puppet state.
Napoleon Bonaparte’s attitude towards the French Revolution is one that has often raised questions. That the revolution had an influence on Bonaparte’s regime cannot be denied – but to what extent? When one looks at France after Napoleon’s reign it is clear that he had brought much longed for order and stability. He had also established institutions that embodied the main principles of the revolution. However, it is also evident that many of his policies directly contradict those same principles. Was Napoleon betraying the same revolution that gave him power, or was he merely a pragmatist, who recognised that to consolidate the achievements of the revolution he needed to sacrifice some of those principles?
Even in his success over Spain, the battle still cost Napoleon and his army in men and resources. Napoleon was mostly viewed as a powerful and militaristic leader in some aspects, but others saw him as a coward and terrible leader in other ways. Napoleon was seen as a powerful leader in France during his reign from 1789 to 1815. This says that Napoleon was a leader, even on the battlefield.
Napoleon had betrayed the idea of liberty of the French Revolution through his conquests and new laws. His conquests led to multiple reforms and laws which failed because they were considered politically impossible. He established new codes that limited the freedoms that the conquered had previously. After crowning himself Emperor, Napoleon started regulating public opinion, censoring books and media, and monitoring his people to avoid rebellion. He had suppressed anyone who tried to write articles that attacked him, curtailed free speech and freedom of the press, and
Napoleon was able to grant French citizens natural rights, which was the main purpose of the Revolution, and use this to better society as a whole. For example, he used a plebiscite, vote of the people, to approve a new constitution that gave him power to rule. By getting the consent of the people to rule and to create and pursue certain actions in government, Napoleon used the governed as a ruling mechanism; he didn't ignore them. He created a system of meritocracy (what the people wanted): granting positions to those that deserved them based on qualifications, not just handing out jobs to people of higher social status giving “careers open to talent (Coffin and Stacey, 494).” Finally through his supremacy as French ruler,...
He also was able to get an easy supply of taxes and soldiers under his new and improved French government. Before he could get very far, however, he had to gain public favor and shape the public opinion. To do this he used reforms of propaganda and thus caused people to think that they were getting the better end of the deal, but were actually, subconsciously giving Napoleon their approval for his actions. Among some of the methods he used for propaganda included getting all of the printers and book sellers to swear an oath to Napoleon and all newspapers fell under state control, so Napoleon gained access to almost everything that the citizens of France were able to read. Many of the gains from the French Revolution were kept, such as equality before the law, and careers open to talent.
French Pre-Revolutionary Government The ancien regime was an expression used to describe the system of government, laws and institutions which preceded the French Revolution of 1789. The system relied heavily on the 'seigneurial system', based largely on the medieval feudal system by which the monarch had absolute power, most of the clergy (first estate) and the nobility (second estate) were very wealthy, and the peasants (third estate) were oppressed by heavy taxation and made to work as virtual slaves for their landlords. It was this system which was an important contributing factor to the resentment which developed between the poor, who made up three quarters of France's population at the time, and the nobles, and eventually led to the uprising of the lower classes and revolution in 1789. The ancient regime was an outdated system which ignored the demands of social and economic progress in favour of keeping the third estate in check and attempting to ensure that France was a dominant power in Europe. In most European countries the system of feudalism had died out in the Middle Ages.
Napoleon's domestic policy, "was his greatest legacy to France" (Mitchner, pg 57). His domestic policies had such an immense impact on the way of life in France that they are used today in the civilized world. Through his domestic policy, Napoleon created the Bank of France. By creating the Bank of France Napoleon stabilized the French economy where the previous leaders of France had failed and made the franc the highest currency in all of Europe. Napoleon claimed "Equality must be the first element in education" (Mitchner, pg 59). This was the basis of the educating system Napoleon strived for. The Education reforms which Napoleon introduced in 1802 called lycees allowed this equality to occur and enhanced the way of learning for all of the citizens. Finally the serious rift with the Roman Catholic Church (which was created during the French revolution) was healed when The Concordat was introduced by Napoleon. Mending the rift between the Church and State allowed freedom of religion and rejuvenated the beliefs within the people of France. This contribution to France ended in French domestic tranquility. Napoleon was not only a great leader, he also was a military genius.
Napoleon maintained the Revolutionary system of conscription and encouraged promotion based on ability.... ... middle of paper ... ... Broers, Michael.
During the Napoleonic reign, the biggest reform appeared to be the loss of hereditary rights of the upper class citizens. Before Napoleon became a king, a lot of jobs were inherited. The purchase of the offices was rather common and skills were not required. Revolution believed in equality. Napoleon established that equality by granting everyone equal right to attempt the job. Now the positions were given out based on merit only. This change created fairness and limited the rights of the nobles at the same time. France was not the only country that felt the influence of the Napoleonic reform. Italian and German aristocrats were overthrown as well, and the weakening of the Spanish nobility even led to the revolt.
Kirchberger, Joe H. The French Revolution and Napoleon. New York: Facts on File inc, 1989.
...the laws in france were varied and included special privileges based on social class. The napoleonic code brought forth new laws that entailed equality. It guaranteed that all men were equal before the law as well giving freedom of religion and freedom to pursue any occupation. Pursuing any occupation was very important in his achievements as well as Equality. Napolean being born a second class citizen and moving up to being a leader was un common and showed just how determined a leader he was. “a career open to all talents, without distinctions of birth.” Going along with equality and not treating one class above another progressive taxation was instilled making it equal for everyone. For almost 2 centuries these laws and more were the basis of legal systems through out the whole world and continues to be the basis for many of the legal systems in our world today.
Napoleon Bonaparte was an interesting ruler in that he was compromised of attributes of both a tyrant and a hero. Napoleon had a strong following throughout his reign and even during his two exiles. He was the emperor of France between 1799 and 1815, following the fall of the Directory. Despite the efforts of the French Revolution to rid the country of an autocratic ruler, Bonaparte came to power as Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte I in 1804. He claimed that he preserved the goals of the Revolution, which can be easily argued as his rule became more dictatorial as it progressed. Despite his departure from some of the gains of the Revolution, he overall was a hero for the French people. Through his military ventures, political changes and social reform, Napoleon proved himself as a hero. This is not to say that there were aspects of his reign that were tyrannical, but he was overall beneficial for France.
With all the glory and the splendour that some countries may have experienced, never has history seen how only only one man, Napoleon, brought up his country, France, from its most tormented status, to the very pinnacle of its height in just a few years time. He was a military hero who won splendid land-based battles, which allowed him to dominate most of the European continent. He was a man with ambition, great self-control and calculation, a great strategist, a genius; whatever it was, he was simply the best. But, even though how great this person was, something about how he governed France still floats among people's minds. Did he abuse his power? Did Napoleon defeat the purpose of the ideals of the French Revolution? After all of his success in his military campaigns, did he gratify the people's needs regarding their ideals on the French Revolution? This is one of the many controversies that we have to deal with when studying Napoleon and the French Revolution. In this essay, I will discuss my opinion on whether or not was he a destroyer of the ideals of the French Revolution.
Napoleon Bonaparte is one of the most famous figures in French history for the importance of his internal reforms. However, he remains primarily in global memory as one of the greatest military commanders in history. Indeed, Napoleon Bonaparte delivered more battles than Alexander the Great, Hannibal, or Caesar. His campaigns covered all Europe from Spain to Russia, without forgetting the East with Egypt and Syria. The French Emperor entered the prestigious capitals of Europe, Milan, Vienna (twice), Berlin, Madrid and Moscow.