My experiment is going to be how music affects bacteria growth. However because bacteria is “deaf” and actually cannot hear music it can only hear the vibrations emitted from the music. I am going to test how different genera vibrations from rock, classical, pop, and techno music affect the growth.
However, before we see why music affects bacteria you would need to know how bacteria grows normally. For bacteria to grow you need four components: food, temperature, moisture, ph. level, oxygen and time. For example are bacteria in food, particularly in raw food. Those bacteria are called pathogens they are commonly found in meats and fish. Most people do not end up eating them because if the food is cooked properly then the bacteria are killed. Bacteria also need water to be present for the growth to occur. Another factor would be temperature, all bacteria have a maximum, a preferred and a minimum range they can withstand. Bacteria that need a cooler temperature are called psychrophiles; they do well in temperatures of -5C to 15C. Mesophiles are bacteria that would grow best in moderate to average temperatures such as 25C to 45C. Finally would be bacteria that have optimum growth in hot temperatures called thermophiles. Their temperature range is from 45C to 70C. As well as hyperthermophiles, these bacteria can grow in temperatures of 70C to 110C. Next would be oxygen, and much like temperatures there are a wide variety of bacteria that can grow with or without oxygen. There are two main categories for these bacteria: obligate aerobes and obligate anaerobes. Obligate aerobes are bacteria that can grow only in the presences of oxygen through a process called aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration to put simply is a two stage proc...
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...he bacteria would be cleansed of the parasite. Because high intensity ultrasound waves are known as “cleaners” in lavatories.
At the end my research has shown the premises for those conducting an experiment on how music affects bacteria growth that there are multiple factors to be considered. From the requirements of a normal bacteria growth to how the sound vibrations might cause effect from its intensity and loudness.
Bibliography
Baker, Jordan . "Music versus Bacteria." http://scijourner.org.<>.
PITT, dr. WILL G. "ULTRASOUND INCREASES THE RATE OF BACTERIAL CELL GROWTH." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 6 Feb. 2006..
Vergara, William C.. "Sound and Ultrasonic." http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/explorations/bats/libraryarticle.asp?ItemID=235&SubjectID=141&categoryID=3&SubjectName=Animals<>.
The first day an unknown sample was assigned to each group of students. The first test applied was a gram stain to test for gram positive or gram-negative bacteria. The morphology of the two types of bacteria was viewed under the microscope and recorded. Then the sample was put on agar plates using the quadrant streak method for isolation. There were three agar plates; one was incubated at room temperature, the second at 30 degrees Celsius, and the third at 37 degrees Celsius. By placing each plate at a different temperature optimal growth temperature can be predicted for both species of bacteria.
In the experiment “ Talking to plants “ from Mythbusters, potential problems include the use of greenhouses with no sound insulation, a non-homogeneous location and the use of only one specie to infer on a population. In another scientific study, researchers chose to use “ a noiseless growth chamber to prevent any effects from extraneous noise “ and the use “ growth chambers under continuous light at 28 c and 65-75% relative humidity “ in order to maintain a homogeneous location for all plants during the experiment (Jeong et al., 2008) . This helped further explain the findings because with the use of noiseless chambers you can assure that the only noise that the plant was receiving was the one given in the treatment and a valid conclusion
According to Laurence O’Donnell, “Music is thought to link all of the emotional, spiritual, and physical elements of the universe.” This proves that music is more than a simple class teaching random notes. It is a common denominator between mind, body, and learning. One scholar shows that music causes a response that can affect a person’s mood; this is directly related to how a person acts upon their emotional response to music. He later talks about how music can have a positive effect on memorization and brain function (O’Donnell). The Center for New Discoveries in Learning stated, “Learning potential can be increased a minimum of five times by using 60 beats per minute music” (qtd. in O’Donnell). Most of the music that follows these types of beats is classical music such a Mozart and Bach. This is the type of music taught in schools, thus, enhancing a student’s ability to learn.
Linder, Todd. “The Effects of Music on People's Behavior”. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec 2013. .
Music is a very fascinating universal phenomenon. Almost everyone likes some sort of music, whether it be the twang of a country song or the intensity of a German rap. Music has the ability to completely change the mood of a situation. It has extensively been investigated and used as a form of therapy for the mind. Therefore it would be interesting to see if it had any impact on a person’s physical ability as well.
First used in medicine in the 1950s, Ultrasound is today used across a variety of fields. Using high frequency sound pulse with no radiation risk, Ultrasound is considered a safer application of imaging. Modern ultrasound equipment is based on some of the same principles used in first devices.(Chan, and Perlas, 2011) Based on the pulse-echo principle, ultrasound pulses are created by transducers, directed into patients’ bodies as narrow beams which are reflected off tissues, returned along the same path as the original pulses and detected as echoes.
Lubetzky, R., Mimouni, F., Dollberg, S., Reifen, R., Ashbel, G., & Mandel, D. (2010). Effect of music
Bacterial fossils have been discovered that date back 3.5 billion years ago. There are over 5,000 different species of bacteria known, many of which are harmful or pathogenic (i.e. can cause disease) and some of which are beneficial and can have many uses, for example, the bacterial species Lactobacillus is used in the production of cheese and yoghurt. The bacteria Bifidobacterium adolescentis is used for yoghurt making and Brevibacterium aurantiacum is used for cheese making. Also yeast is used in the production of beers and alcohols like wine and it also plays a role in bread rising. As well as bacteria being used for food production there are also many types of bacteria used in medicine production with nearly a different bacteria used for each different disease contractible in humans, for example the bacteria Moraxella lacunta is used to produce medicine for conjunctivitis and Klebsiellapneumoniae would be used to produce medicine for pneumonia.
When I arrived to the Cardiologist Granado, he already had a patient almost an hour ago. He used an echocardiogram called TEE ultrasound probe to get more accurate imaging of the patient’s heart. Since he already used the probe into patient’s body, he had to wash and sanitize it in order for him to reuse it again for the next upcoming patient. When he was washing the probe, he went to the first station of the sink where the “dirty” and used equipment is washed. He would first wash with pure water, and
Biagini, M., Brown, L., Coburn, J., Judelson, D., Statler, T., Bottaro, M., Tran, T., Longo, N., (2012) Effects of self-selected music on strength, explosiveness, and mood, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 1934-1938.
Siegfried, T. "Many Curious Scientists Have Music on Their Minds.” Science News 14 Aug. 2010: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 12 Apr. 2011.
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
Addition of air and mechanical mixing to enchance the growth of bacteria and ficilitate subsequent waste reduction
Previous investigations have reported that bacterial growth increases in space flight; however, the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for these changes have not been fully determined. As bacteria consume nutrients, they excrete by-products whose presence can influence the onset of exponential growth and affect final cell population density. It is assumed that these metabolic processes create a reduced-density fluid zone and/or a solute gradient around each cell. On Earth, this density difference may result in local buoyancy-driven convection of the excreted by-products. The absence of convection and sedimentation in the low-gravity space flight environment, however, can be expected to alter the fluid dynamics surrounding the cells
Isolation of bacteria includes several techniques by which different bacterial colonies from a mixed culture can be separated. This isolation is important as it helps in studying the particular organism with its distinguished traits. Bacteria are in habit of living in an association with other organism/bacteria as this association will help in the better survival of an organism. These microbial populations will cooperate together and achieve better nutrients for each other because the waste of one may serve as a nutrient for the other. Similarly the waste from the metabolism of the one may provide the favourable condition to the other for growth.