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Impact of drug trafficking
Causes and effects of drug use
Causes and effects of drug use
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I am analyzing a photograph that was taken in Afghanistan in July of 2010. Afghanistan is a place where a very large portion of the population is addicted to heroin and other drugs. This country is torn apart from all of the wars and fighting that has occurred there. It is so difficult for farmers to make enough to support their families so they have to grow illegal plants and sell them to make a profit. Militant groups are also funded by the sales of these drugs. Not many users in Afghanistan know about the dangers of diseases found in blood such as HIV or AIDS. The country is simply too poor to afford education on these matters. The image shows how an old, dirty rag has been firmly wrapped around the bicep of the arm and a needle is being inserted into the vein of the man. The chances that the needle is dirty and has been used before are very high. Infection is another risk for them because of the dirty conditions they are living in. This image was taken to show how drugs can affect the environment a person lives in by appealing to the viewer’s pathos, logos, and ethos. This photograph helps to show the environment and the conditions that IDU’s (injecting drug users) are subjecting themselves to. The needles used are shared between multiple people to inject drugs into themselves and into each other. They do not take the time to sterilize the needles between people. This is how bloodborne pathogens are spread along with other germs from where the needles are kept. If the drugs do not kill them, then the diseases will. Both of the men have dirty hands and are wearing old, grimy clothes. The room that they are in is dark, unfinished, and more than likely damp and cold. The cinder block walls are cracked and crumbling with a hole i... ... middle of paper ... ...been able to buy better clothes, have better hygiene, and have furnishings for their house. Due to their poor judgement, they have to go without these basic accommodations that could help them to live a life that is much more healthy and comfortable. Drugs can make an impact on anyone’s life due to the poor decisions that they make. These Afghans do not know about the consequences of using drugs or sharing needles and it will hurt most of them in the end when they have contracted diseases. Since all their money is spent on these drugs, they will have nothing left to live off of. A lack of money will most likely lead to them living on the streets. This can be a very bad thing in the winter, sickness and death are possible outcomes from the weather. This image was taken to show how drugs can affect the environment that they live in and the lifestyle that they lead.
One error can seem pointless to one person, but in reality one error can lead to a whole chain of errors which in time results in disaster and catastrophe. The needles get contaminated and are used from person to person, mixing each person’s blood with another, making diseases and viruses spread like wildfire. The errors performed at Yambuku hospital lead to Ebola Zaire outbreaks in the fifty-five villages surrounding the hospital. The virus has manifested in the villages, making the one error lead to a massacre of the people from within their own bodies. The virus only affected the ones that had gotten shots with the needles at the Yambuku hospital, but soon the virus spread in a variety of ways and led to more deaths.
The documentary states that over 27,000 deaths a year are due to overdose from heroin and other opioids. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015 prescription pain relievers account for 20,101 overdose deaths, and 12,990 overdose deaths are related to heroin (Rudd et al., 2010-2015). The documentary’s investigation gives the history of how the heroin epidemic started, with a great focus on the hospice movement. We are presented with the idea that once someone is addicted to painkillers, the difficulty in obtaining the drug over a long period of time becomes too expensive and too difficult. This often leads people to use heroin. This idea is true as a 2014 survey found that 94% of respondents who were being treated for opioid addiction said they chose to use heroin because prescription opioids were “more expensive and harder to obtain (Cicero et al., 2014).” Four in five heroin users actually started out using prescription painkillers (Johns, 2013). This correlation between heroin and prescription painkiller use supports the idea presented in the documentary that “prescription opiates are heroin prep school.”
“HIV/AIDS in Afghanistan.” THE WORLD BANK GROUP, 10 July 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. .
Quan, V. M., Go, V. F., Nam, L. V., Bergenstrom, A., Thuoc, N. P., Zenilman, J., ...Celentano, D.D. (2009). Risks for HIV, HBV, and HCV infections among male injection drug users in northern Vietnam: a case-control study. AIDS Care, 21(1), 7-16.
The main purpose of needle exchange programs are based on that idea that access to sterile needles will significantly reduce needle sharing and will in turn reduce HIV transmission. It is also believed that implementing needle exchange programs will allow more opportunities for other forms of HIV prevention education to come about and increase people’s access to HIV treatment services. These exchange programs have opened up plenty of things that work to help reduce the spreading HIV such as the use of condoms, bleach kits, and giving people referrals. These programs came about because there is the growing knowledge that people who are not ready for drug treatment and who use many different types of drugs through the use of needles, is causing more and more people to get infected with HIV and is not helping the programs that are used to reduce the spread of HIV. Needle Exchange programs offer free new sterile needles in exchange for old used ones that are collected from injection drug users (Health News).
Many people believe that the only way to receive HIV and AIDS is through sexual intercourse. Although it can be spread through sexual intercourse without proper protection, there is a bigger issue at hand. Not only can HIV and AIDS be transferred through sex, it can be transferred through the sharing of needles. A large number of people forget that drugs are becoming a popular trend in today’s society. The spread of HIV and AIDS has increased because of the sharing of needles between drug users.Not only is it an STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) it is a bloodborne pathogen. This is why needle exchange programs are a must have in communities like Licking County, today. Needle exchange programs are extremely helpful because it decreases the spread of HIV and AIDS.
...f actual reality. They are no longer able to face day to day activities without having that drug in their life.
Frequently, heroin addiction becomes a physiological dependence on the drug, leaving users constantly in need for more when coming off. This is refer to as ‘dopesick’ to many of the users in the drug world. In Edgewater the need for heroin was a never ending cycle. Daily life was based on where and how to get the next fix. Psychical sickness such as when frank and Carter explain it, bone aches, vomiting, uncontrollable bowel movements, the feeling of spiders crawling through your bones, and the worst part is the anxiety (Bourgois and Schonberg, 81-82).While, the withdraw symptoms may not kill a person they are horrible to suffer through. With the chronic heroin use and the unsanitary living conditions, the homeless also face ailments such as, “Abscesses, skin rashes, cuts, bruises, broken bones, flues, colds, opiate withdrawals, and the potential for violent assault” (Bourgois and Schonberg, 5). When these cases become extreme they can end them up in the hospital or worse, due to the medical system the homeless postpone getting it looked at and will sub come to, death. The issue that Bourgois and Schonberg expose is the deep stigma in the structures of our medical
Each of the characters warns the man repeatedly of the danger in the room. The man with the withered arm repeats several times “it’s your own choosing” The other old man shows his “small and bright and inflamed” eyes. His eyes are portrayed like fire, and fire is a symbol of danger. The young man again sees “another Glance of his red eyes”.
Currently needle and syringe exchange programs are not federally funded or supported in the United States, even though the support is growing. Generally speaking, the implementation of such programs is difficult based on the social rejection of the people the services would benefit, and the legal funding restrictions. Nevertheless, the National Institute of Health identified six characteristics of successful syringe exchange programs implementation (Downing et.al 2014). First off, the debate needs to be set in a way that is considerate of both the political and cultural norms; also, the effort needs to involve community building and involvement. Third, there needs to be sufficient leadership; and easily accessible resources; and use of research finding and supporting evidence of the programs; and lastly, the implementation process must ignore any fear of social or political hostility (Downing et.al 2014). While as a nation we have a long way to go, I think the potential for successfully implementing federally funded needle and/or syringe exchange programs, or other similar programs devoted to harm-reduction and risk-prevention, are just around the political and social corner of reforming the view on drugs.
If more people were aware of the dangers of heroin use, such as using while pregnant, while on prescribed medications, with dirty needles, or even possible death, more people would be likely to not partake in the use of the drug.
many to die from heroin and other drug addictions. Drugs seem to make you a
“Blood Safety in the Age of AIDS” reflects upon the history of blood transfusions, the advancement in performing clean (disease-free) transfusions, and, specifically, the appearance of and efforts to prevent the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus in blood donations. The AIDS epidemic hitting the blood banks is not only examined as an urgent problem in its own right, but also as a warning to both doctors and patients who regularly or spontaneously require blood transfusions. This warning indicates that the idea of new diseases and epidemics are still a possibility despite medical and conditional advances through history and that additional measures should be researched in the effort to make blood transfusions less risky.
Amphetamines are typically used to provide the same effect that pure adrenaline does. The drug is specified for people with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity as well as narcolepsy, although if you decide to abuse the drug and use it for recreational purposes you may start to feel paranoia and nervousness. Using amphetamines can also put a strain on the circulatory system by causing the user's blood pressure to increase suddenly. (Amphetamine) Long term psychological effects of the drug can cause something called amphetamine psychosis which is much like paranoid schizophrenia. This could lead towards hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and obsessions. (Amphetamine)
The use of drugs is a controversial topic in society today. In general, addicts show a direct link between taking drugs and suffering from their effects. People abuse drugs for a wide variety of reasons. In most cases, the use of drugs will serve a type of purpose or will give some kind of reward. These reasons for use will differ with different kinds of drugs. Various reasons for using the substance can be pain relief, depression, anxiety and weariness, acceptance into a peer group, religion, and much more. Although reasons for using may vary for each individual, it is known by all that consequences of the abuse do exist. It is only further down the line when the effects of using can be seen.