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Civil engineering related esaays
Quality management in construction
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Review of housing quality
1. INTRODUCTION
Habitable housing and the ‘Quality of life’ that it provides, brings the concept of “QUALITY” in the fore. This quest for quality of life includes in its ambit many areas of family’s life along with interpersonal relationship, interaction within community, and relationship to the environment and to immediate surroundings. It is generally observed that government intervention and market based responses to meet the housing need in urban areas of developing countries has been under tremendous pressure. This failure has forced the government to direct its available resources towards bridging the mismatch between demand and supply of housing. Thus, there has been relatively little research pertaining to the extent to which new housing meets people’s need, aspiration and preference.
A clear understanding about the concept of Quality is necessary to appreciate the relevance of qualitative housing. According to ‘The Oxford English Dictionary’, “Quality is a mental or moral attribute of a thing which can be used while describing the nature, condition or property of that particular thing”. Nelson (2006) observes that quality is the measure of the extent to which a set of infused characteristics fulfils stated, implied or obligatory needs or expectations. Quality depends not only on their users and their expectations, but also on the product being evaluated. It will be pertinent to mention that quality in itself is dynamic in nature and its attributes changes as the product matures and other alternatives are available as a basis of comparison.
Quality of housing, as housing investment is one of the most important decisions for any households. Quality housing is housing that satisfies certain hum...
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... prepare the various parts of the National Building Code (NBC) was set up in 1968 by ‘The Civil Engineering Division Council’ of Indian Standards Institutions. This code was published in 1970. It was decided to revise the code regularly in the light of the additional knowledge being generated through research, innovations and users’ views. The first revision was brought in 1976 and most recently in 2005.
v) Research Institutions: There are several research institutions/organisation working collectively for the cause of building standardization, some of which are Central Building research Institute, Roorkee(CBRI); Central Public Health Engineering Institute, Nagpur; School of Research and Training In Earthquake Engineering, Roorkee; Structural Engineering Research Centre, Roorkee; Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat; Cement Research Institute of India, Ballabhgarh
Building Code of Australia Volume 1 Class 2 to 9 2010 Section E ,J,F and PART A3.2, Australian Building Codes Board, Canberra ACT 2601.
In the Late nineteenth century the population was growing at a rapid pace. The country had people flooding the biggest cities in the country such as New York City and Chicago. These populations were gaining more and more people every single year and the country has to do something to make places for these people to live. The government would go on to create urban housing programs. These programs were created to make homes for these people to live in. At the time it provided a place for people to live but as the populations grew it became a more cramped and rundown area because of the large populations in one place. These reforms eventually led to these areas becoming dangerous, they were rundown, and it created a hole that was difficult for people to get out of.
The construction industry relies on regulations, standards, and codes of practice to ensure safe buildings constructed to a quality standard. In short, they are there to protect consumers, and ensure peace of mind. If it were not so, buildings could potentially compromise user safety, with no repercussions
...t: How the lack of affordable housing impacts on all aspects of life [PDF] Available at Shelter website; england.shelter.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/268752/The_Human_Cost.pdf
In a social sense, consumers prefer low-density developments. Low density means more space and better standard of living. There are apartments available in every city for those who prefer them. However, many people choose to live in detached homes. Nobody forces people to buy house at outer suburbs (Holcombe 1999). Developers build those houses because that is where people want to live. Why? The answer is simple, those houses offer better space and comfort compare to living in the confine inner city. Many have suggeste...
Affordable housing refers to housing units that are affordable by that section of society whose income is or below the median household income. For example, affordable housing should address the housing needs of lower or middle income households. And for sustainable communities, it is one that is economically, environmentally, and socially healthy and resilient.. According to the Western Australia Council of Social Services (WACOSS): "Social sustainability occurs when the formal and informal processes; systems; structures; and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to create healthy and livable communities.” As we can tell, all affordable housing, sustainable community, and social sustainability are
The idea of the home having such a profound impact on the family brought about a movement towards housing reform. An abundance of material w...
Especially, people who prioritise their bill payments over their own health as it is extra cost for the medical services. Unlike others on a higher income they have more control over and accessibility to services that will benefit their own health. Also, income induces the affordability one can afford to rent or own their own property in order to have a roof over their head. This other health inequality of low income means poor housing which lack insulation, resulting in the deterioration of the tenant’s physical health due to moulding from the moisten, cold environment. On the other hand, home ownership enables others to make the necessary upgrades in order to improve fixtures round their home. This means an absence of moulding with the insulation provided which will benefit their physical health and less likely to fall ill. Both these social determinants of income and housing together result in the final health inequalities of stress. The stress of having no sense of control over your own life is no doubt a depressing thought for anyone. Especially, for people actually going through life in these circumstances it is most definitely not a life of justice. Although, the government have put in place a Health Strategy for the elderly population it is only a matter of time until there is fairness the elderly population in New
The Quarters housing project is one of the newest housing options designed and marketed for students to open in the Iowa City/Coralville area. It offers luxury amenities in an apartment style housing complex. In a city plagued by high housing costs, our group wanted to analyse the effects of this new student housing development in terms of sustainability. The Quarters project is also not without a bit of controversy. The development group that owns The Quarters bought out a low income housing complex and replaced it with expensive, luxury style student housing and in the process displaced many low income families. While the actions taken by the previous and current property managers were all completely legal, it is those actions
Furthermore the report suggests that overall supply of housing in London has been in decline since the 1960s, with no corresponding decrease in demand. For decades the council house building programme compensated for this; the fall in levels of construction of social housing has therefore hit the affordable end of the market hardest.
Housing According to Caimi, 2009 is an important asset of human settlements which has economic, social, cultural and personal significance. It indicates that the type of housing shows the income, environment, health, religious belief etc. of a person or household. Housing is a basic need therefore Individuals are entitled to housing, But, due to the rapid urbanization process and inadequate planning by governments, there are millions of people living in informal urban settlements around the world (World Bank, 2008). The housing characteristics of slums areas can be broadly divided in to five major sub sections according to Lopez, 2010. Namely Land acquisition, Materials for housing, housing facilities, housing environment, Access to roads. These subdivisions vary from one settlement to another and can be used to determine the magnitude of Slums. These major subdivisions would be explained
When starting construction on a new building, there are plenty of things that can and will go wrong. You will start to lay out the plumbing and find that it clashes with a wall or beam that cannot be moved. To finish your project, you must take more time and more money to adjust to the new layout. Another scenario is the owners won’t let you start construction because they can’t see the end result or where the specific design implements that had asked for are located. For the past few decades the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry has been looking for a solution to this problem. Projects would be set back due to design oversights. Without anything to predict these problems before they happen, these little setbacks were a common occurrence. Once building information modeling (BIM) was born, it was like their prayers had been answered. The future was here.
The annual earnings, number of doctors per one thousand people, and percentage of people who work in professional jobs or managerial jobs are all I think good indicators to the living conditions of an area. Basically the more money people bring into the home shows their attitude to life, they want to do well and succeed. It is these types of people who have the higher living standards because of the jobs they do and the money that they earn. Many people who are unemployed do not care that they are, and are happy with the conditions they live in which are to a lower standard because of their attitude towards life.Criteria that can be...
According to Bokalders and Block (2009) some people spend more than 90 percent of their live indoors. This represents that those who live or work in buildings may be significantly influenced by them. Materials which are utilized in the erection of buildings, also interior design of buildings, providing clean air and intensive light are important issues to be taken into account, because their quality has considerable impact on residents. Rostron (2008) claims that adverse effect of a building can cause a considerable implication for society: many of those who suffered from ‘sick buildings’ have complained that their productivity had reduced by 20 percent. Thus, in order to construct healthy buildings without any unfavorable effect on occupants, complex issues should be taken into consideration. The aim of this paper is to identify how buildings can affect physical and mental health and to find solutions which can create better conditions for living and working in. Firstly, this paper will unfold the causes of bad welfare of occupants and what harm buildings are able to do to people’s health in general, then implication for society will be mentioned. After that some possible solutions will be suggested and evaluated in terms of effectiveness, cost and availability.
This chapter is started with the discussion on the definition of “house” and “housing”, “priority”, and “middle income group”; followed by discussion of the types of housing and influential factors of priorities for housing choice by the potential home buyers. When Maslow (1970) presented the theory of Human Needs Hierarchy, that a house forms the foremost important basic needs, in addition to safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization, he categorized the need for housing falls at the lowest among the five levels. It is also known to be among the best indicators of a person’s standard of living and status in the society.