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Discussion of type 1 diabetes
Discussion of type 1 diabetes
Discussion of type 1 diabetes
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Diabetes and Homeostasis Imbalance
Lorraine Aurand
BIO 110
July 27, 2016
Mamasa Sumare
Diabetes and Homeostasis Imbalance
Homeostasis; “ refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival, the processes involved are negative and positive feedback” (Gebel, 2010). “Diabetes is a chronic condition associated with abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Insulin produced by the pancreas lowers blood glucose. Absence or insufficient production of insulin, or an inability of the body to properly use insulin causes diabetes” (Conrad Stöppler & Shiel Jr., 2016). Diabetes is considered a homeostatic imbalance, there are two types of diabetes
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These types of damage are the result of damage to small vessels, referred to as microvascular disease, Diabetes also is an important factor in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis), leading to strokes, coronary heart disease, and other large blood vessel diseases. This is referred to as macrovascular disease” (Conrad Stöppler & Shiel Jr., 2016). Over time the kidneys may begin to fail, so the patient with have to have dialysis in order to filter their blood, since the kidneys have become damaged and are unable to do so properly, and eventually have to have a kidney transplant. The first sign of diabetes is starting to affect the eyesight is a person with diabetes will have to start wearing glasses, which has happened to my son approximately three years ago. He was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes when he was two years old, he is now fifteen years old, and he has an insulin pump the doctor recommended this when he was five years old. The insulin pump works great for him, but we still monitor his glucose levels and watch his diet carefully, since another medical problem with juvenile diabetes is a risk of becoming overweight and eventually
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is also referred to as insulin-dependent as the secretion of the hormone insulin by the pancreas is reduced to minor levels due to the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells by immune system of the body. Therefore, Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition due to the fact that the body is harming the pancreas with antibodies so beta cells cannot make any insulin for bloodstream to take in glucose. The fact that the cells in the body cannot take in glucose means that it builds up in the blood and hyperglycaemia occurs. This abnormally high level of blood glucose is able to harm the nervous system, tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, heart and the eyes. Type 1 Diabetes is fatal when left untreated as it then causes heart disease, kidney disease, damage to the nerves, stroke and
Well how can you get it? Well it’s caused by damaged blood vessels in the tissue that the retina which is located at the back of the eye. When blood sugar levels are too high for extended periods of time, it can damage capillaries which are tiny blood vessels that supply blood to the retina. Over time these blood vessels begin to leak fluids and fats, causing edema. Then the vessels can close off which is called ischemia. These types of signs are non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (“Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment,”2016).
In our body’s we have thousands upon thousands of cells that work together to maintain the whole structure. Although cells accomplish different roles, they all are comparable in their metabolic conditions. Preserving a continuous inner environment with what the cells require to survive like sugar, minerals, oxygen and waste removal is essential for the cells and host well-being. The diverse process that the body controls its inner environment are referred to as homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to maintaining a stable environment in reaction to environmental changes. The body’s inner environment requires constant observation to maintain a stable inner environment this way if conditions occur they can be adjusted. Homeostatic regulation is the adjustment of systems in the body. “Homeostatic regulation involves three parts or mechanisms: 1) the receptor, 2) the control center and 3) the effector.” (Wikibooks, para. 2)
The endocrine system is very dynamic and has ties to most, if not all of the other major systems of the body. It is responsible for production of hormones and the regulation of them as well. These hormones act as chemical messengers within the body. Through several differing mechanisms, they are able to trigger very specific responses in target cells or organs. This is what enables the endocrine system to guide growth, development, reproduction, and behavior, among many others as well.
Diabetes is a disease in which a person’s body in unable to make or utilize insulin properly which affects blood sugar levels. Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas, which helps to regulate glucose (sugar) levels, break down carbohydrates and fats, and is essential to produce the body’s energy. The CDC (2013) offers reliable insight, summarized here, into the different types of diabetes, some causes, and health complications that may arise from the disease.
When the blood glucose is higher than the normal levels, this is known as diabetes disease. The body turns the food we eat into glucose or sugar and use it for energy. The insulin is a hormone created by the pancreas to help the glucose get into the cells. The sugar builds up in the blood because either the body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t well use its own insulin (CDC, 2015). In the United States diabetes is known as the seventh leading cause of death. There are different types of diabetes. However, there are two main types of diabetes and these are; Diabetes type 1 and Diabetes type 2 (CDC, 2015).
B.(Sub-point) Type-2 diabetes after a long time can affect the body’s blood vessels leading to damage to both small and big vessels just like Type 1 diabetes. (SUB-SUBPOINT) Damage to the small blood vessel leads to microvascular problems, while harm to the large vessels result in macrovascular effects (Lisa, 2016). Impaired blood vessels do not transfer blood as supposed to, which results in other complications, like vision loss, kidney damage and nerve damage. Macrovascular problems with Type 2 diabetes are a buildup of plaque, which results in a heart attack, blocked vessels in legs and a stroke (Lisa, 2016). Type 1 diabetes has the same complications as Type 2 resulting in the same effect on the important organs in the body, like the heart, nerves, vision, kidneys and both the tiny and large blood vessels ( Mayo Clinic Staff,
Diabetes is one of the leading chronic causes of deaths in children and adolescent’s in the United States. Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases that is characterized by high levels of glucose in the bloodstream resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action or even both (Overview, 1). Diabetes is a serious health issue and can be associated with premature death or serious complications. Timely diagnosed treatment of diabetes can delay or prevent any onset of long-term complications, such as damage to blood vessels, kidneys, gums, skin, teeth, and many other complications (Overview, 1). Diabetes can be difficult to deal with during the time of adolescence. People with diabetes or those who have family members with diabetes should be very well informed (Cho, 1).
Diabetes is a disease that causes an abnormally high level of sugar, or glucose, to build up in the blood. Glucose comes from food we consume and also from our liver and muscles. Blood delivers glucose to all the cells in the body. In people without diabetes, the pancreas makes a chemical called insulin which is released into the blood stream. Insulin helps the glucose from the food get into cells. When the pancreas doesn’t make insulin, it can’t get into the cells and the insulin stays in the blood stream. The blood glucose level gets very high, causing the person to have type one diabetes.
Homeostasis can be defined as the ability or tendency of an organism to maintain its stability. If an organism does not maintain homeostasis it will die. Dynamic equilibrium is what happens when the organism adjusts to maintain a constantly balanced internal environment. Dynamic equilibrium is caused by the organs inside humans and other animals fluctuating between increasing or decreasing their function to maintain homeostasis. The way these organs react is known as a response, and the response is reacting to a stimulus. A stimulus is something that affects the way organisms function. The body maintains homeostasis by working with the nervous system. The nervous system releases hormones which signal the cells or organs to decrease or increase their function.
Type 1 diabetes, is an incurable but treatable disease which can occur at any age but is mostly found in children due to the high levels of glucose in the blood (Eckman 2011). Juvenile diabetes affects about 1 in every 400-600 children and more than 13,000 are diagnosed yearly (Couch 2008). Type 1 Diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar, is too high. With Type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone, which helps glucose gets into your cells to provide energy. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood. Over time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems with your heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gums and teeth (American Diabetes Association). Previous research has suggested proper insulin management, a balanced diet and exercise will help maintain glycemic control and lessen the chance of complications (Couch 2008).
When the blood sugar levels aren’t normal, it’s a disease called diabetes. Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is a deficiency of the hormone insulin or the inhibition of its action with the cells. The insulin acts like a bridge between the glucose and the cells. In the US there are about 16 million people who suffer from diabetes. It is the seventh most common cause of all deaths. Diabetes is most common in Native American females over 45 years of age.
Blood glucose levels are the measurement of glucose in an individual’s blood. This is important because glucose is the body’s main source of fuel and the brains only source of fuel. Without energy from glucose the cells would die. Glucose homeostasis is primarily controlled in the liver, muscle, and fat where it stored as glycogen. The pancreas is also a significant organ that deals with glucose. The pancreas helps regulate blood glucose levels. Alpha-islet and beta-islet pancreatic cells measure blood glucose levels and they also regulate hormone release. Alpha cells produce glucagon and beta cells produce insulin. The body releases insulin in response to elevated blood glucose levels to allow the glucose inside of cells and
Diabetes mellitus (or diabetes) is a chronic, lifelong condition that affects your body's ability to use the energy in food. This means that a person has too much glucose in the blood. There are three major types of diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. All types of diabetes mellitus have something in common. Normally, your body breaks down the sugars and carbohydrates you eat into a special sugar called glucose. Glucose fuels the cells in your body. But the cells need insulin, a hormone, in your bloodstream in order to take in the glucose and use it for energy. Insulin is produced in the pancrea...
All living organisms require complex set of interacting metabolic chemical reactions to maintain a constant environment. This include the simplest unicellular (prokaryote) organism to the most sophisticated organisms such as humans, animals and plants (eukaryote).