Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Effects of persecution of the church
Witch trials social criticism paper
Influence of media on history
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Effects of persecution of the church
History has a way of repeating itself. This is most likely the result of human nature. Humans, despite years and years of evolution, still have some quirks they’ve always had. One such quirk is the fear of things that are different; a quirk displayed throughout history in an event known as a witch hunt. The concept of a witch hunt seems pretty self-explanatory; an angry mob chasing down some questionable old hag. Well, not exactly. The online Merriam Webster dictionary defines a witch hunt as, “the act of unfairly looking for and punishing people who are accused of having opinions that are believed to be dangerous or evil.” Hold on, that didn’t say anything about witches: what’s more, it said “unfairly… punishing people.” And that’s exactly how it started. In 1208, Pope Innocent III launched an attack of sorts on Catharism (1 Linder, Douglas J.D.). The Cathar’s beliefs were contradictory to the church. Because of their heresy, the Pope began an anti-Catharism propaganda campaign against them; spreading rumors of the Cathars worshiping Satan in person (1 Linder, Douglas J.D.). This even escalated to the point that a church propagandist “depicted Cathars kissing the anus of Satan in a ceremonial show of loyalty to him” (1 Linder, Douglas J.D.). Because of this, Catharism became the primary target in the “witch” hunts. Skipping ahead about 200 years the church’s front against Catharism had escalated. In the 1400s Cathar’s were being rounded up and tortured. “Torture inflicted on heretics suspected of magical pacts or demon-driven sexual misconduct led to alarming confessions. Defendants admitted to flying on poles and animals to attend assemblies presided over by Satan appearing in the form of a goat or other anima... ... middle of paper ... ...re something that have existed for a long time, and will continue to exist as long as there are people around to “hunt” each other. Works Cited Burnett, Paul. law2.umkc.edu. University of Missouri - Kansas City. Web. March 31, 2014 Linder, Douglas J.D. law2.umkc.edu. University of Missouri - Kansas City. September, 2009. Web. March 20, 2014. Loiselle, Brett. "Salem Witch Trials." Salem Witch Trials (2009): 1. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 19 Mar. 2014. Ross, Sherwood. www.globalresearch.ca. global research, 24 April 2012. Web. March 31, 2014. Sacco, NicolaVanzetti, Bartolemo. "Sacco's And Vanzetti's Statements To The Court." Sacco's & Vanzetti's Statements To The Court (2009): 1. MasterFILE Premier. Web. March 21, 2014. Specter, Michael. "In modern Russia, a medieval witch hunt. (cover story)." New York Times 05 Apr. 1997: 1. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 31 March, 2014.
Were the witch-hunts in pre-modern Europe misogynistic? Anne Llewellyn Barstow seems to think so in her article, “On Studying Witchcraft as Women’s History: A Historiography of the European Witch Persecutions”. On the contrary, Robin Briggs disagrees that witch-hunts were not solely based on hatred for women as stated in his article, “Women as Victims? Witches, Judges and the Community”. The witch craze that once rapidly swept through Europe may have been because of misconstrued circumstances. The evaluation of European witch-hunts serves as an opportunity to delve deeper into the issue of misogyny.
When one evokes The Salem Witch Trials of 1692, the image that comes to most peoples minds are that of witches with pointed hats riding broomsticks. This is not helped by the current town of Salem, Massachusetts, which profits from the hundreds of thousands of tourists a year by mythologizing the trials and those who were participants. While there have been countless books, papers, essays, and dissertations done on this subject, there never seems to be a shortage in curiosity from historians on these events. Thus, we have Bernard Rosenthal's book, Salem Story: Reading the Witch Trials of 1692, another entry in the historiographical landscape of the Salem Witch Trials. This book, however, is different from most that precede it in that it does not focus on one single aspect, character, or event; rather Rosenthal tells the story of Salem in 1692 as a narrative, piecing together information principally from primary documents, while commenting on others ideas and assessments. By doing so, the audience sees that there is much more to the individual stories within the trials, and chips away at the mythology that has pervaded the subject since its happening. Instead of a typical thesis, Rosenthal writes the book as he sees the events fold out through the primary documents, so the book becomes more of an account of what happened according to primary sources in 1692 rather than a retelling under a new light.
Sebald, Hans, Ph.D. Witch-Children: from Salem Witch-Hunts to Modern Courtrooms. New York: Prometheus Books, 1995.
Washington Law Review, Vol. 86, Issue 4 (December 2011), pp. 841-874 Barnum, Jeffrey C. 86 Wash. L. Rev. 841 (2011)
The Salem Trials took place between the 10th of June and the 22nd of 1692 and in this time nineteen people. In addition to this one man was pressed to death and over 150 people where sent to jail where four adult and one infant died. Although when compared to other witch-hunts in the Western world, it was ‘a small incident in the history of a great superstition,’ but has never lost its grip on our imagination’ . It’s because of this that over the last three centuries many historians have analysed the remaining records of the trials in order to work out what the causes and events were that led to them.
The quest that Jason took on was also because he wanted to become a hero of Greece and a king
Godbeer, Richard. The Salem Witch Hunt A Brief History with Documents. Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martins 2011
During the time of the Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692, more than twenty people died an innocent death. All of those innocent people were accused of one thing, witchcraft. During 1692, in the small town of Salem, Massachusetts many terrible events happened. A group of Puritans lived in Salem during this time. They had come from England, where they were prosecuted because of their religious beliefs. They chose to come live in America and choose their own way to live. They were very strict people, who did not like to act different from others. They were also very simple people who devoted most of their lives to God. Men hunted for food and were ministers. Women worked at home doing chores like sewing, cooking, cleaning, and making clothes. The Puritans were also very superstitious. They believed that the devil would cause people to do bad things on earth by using the people who worshiped him. Witches sent out their specters and harmed others. Puritans believed by putting heavy chains on a witch, that it would hold down their specter. Puritans also believed that by hanging a witch, all the people the witch cast a spell on would be healed. Hysteria took over the town and caused them to believe that their neighbors were practicing witchcraft. If there was a wind storm and a fence was knocked down, people believed that their neighbors used witchcraft to do it. Everyone from ordinary people to the governor’s wife was accused of witchcraft. Even a pregnant woman and the most perfect puritan woman were accused. No one in the small town was safe. As one can see, the chaotic Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 were caused by superstition, the strict puritan lifestyle, religious beliefs, and hysteria.
The term witchcraft is defines as the practice of magic intended to influence nature. It is believed that only people associated with the devil can perform such acts. The Salem Witch Trials was much more than just America’s history, it’s also part of the history of women. The story of witchcraft is first and foremost the story of women. Especially in its western life, Karlsen (1989) noted that “witchcraft challenges us with ideas about women, with fears about women, with the place of women in society and with women themselves”. Witchcraft also confronts us too with violence against women. Even through some men were executed as witches during the witch hunts, the numbers were far less then women. Witches were generally thought to be women and most of those who were accused and executed for being witches were women. Why were women there so many women accused of witchcraft compared to men? Were woman accused of witchcraft because men thought it was a way to control these women? It all happened in 1692, in an era where women were expected to behave a certain way, and women were punished if they threatened what was considered the right way of life. The emphasis of this paper is the explanation of Salem proceedings in view of the role and the position of women in Colonial America.
The notorious witch trials of Salem, Massachusetts occurred from June through September. It is a brief, but turbulent period in history and the causes of the trials have long been a source of discussion among historians. Many try to explain or rationalize the bizarre happenings of the witch hunts and the causes that contributed to them. To understand the trials and how they came to be, we must first examine the ideals and views of the people surrounding the events. Although religious beliefs were the most influential factor, socioeconomic tensions, and ergot poisoning are also strongly supported theories. A combination of motives seems the most rational explanation of the frenzy that followed the illness of the two girls. This paper looks closely at the some of the possible causes of one of the most notable occurrences in history.
The epoch of Medieval European history concerning the vast and complicated witch hunts spanning from 1450 to 1750 is demonstrative of the socioeconomic, religious, and cultural changes that were occurring within a population that was unprepared for the reconstruction of society. Though numerous conclusions concerning the witch trials, why they occurred, and who was prosecuted have been found within agreement, there remain interpretations that expand on the central beliefs. Through examining multiple arguments, a greater understanding of this period can be observed as there remains a staggering amount of catalysts and consequences that emerged. In the pursuit of a greater understanding, three different interpretations will be presented. These interpretations, which involve Brian Levack’s “The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe,” Eric Boss’s “Syphilis, Misogyny, and Witchcraft in 16th-Century Europe,” and Nachman Ben-Yehuda’s “The European Witch Craze of the 14th to 17th centuries:
Oct 1993. Retrieved November 18, 2010. Vol. 79. 134 pages (Document ID: 0747-0088) Published by American Bar Association
For many centuries to the present day, Christians have lived in fear of witches. They were known as to be the devils child who only practiced black magic and thought of as the Christians “persecution”. Witches have been known to mankind since the 1200’s. Throughout the 1400’s, the examination of witches was more focus and moved from the Jews. In the church’s law, it was stated that the belief of existence and practices of witchcraft was “heresy”. Because of what the Christians believed, churches would then torture and hunt down anyone who they thought were witches and killed the many women and only a few of the men. They even made them make the confession of flying through the midnight sky, being in love with the devil himself, practicing black magic and even turning into animals.
In Medea, a play by Euripides, Jason possesses many traits that lead to his downfall. After Medea assists Jason in his quest to get the Golden Fleece, killing her brother and disgracing her father and her native land in the process, Jason finds a new bride despite swearing an oath of fidelity to Medea. Medea is devastated when she finds out that Jason left her for another woman after two children and now wants to banish her. Medea plots revenge on Jason after he gives her one day to leave. Medea later acts peculiarly as a subservient woman to Jason who is oblivious to the evil that will be unleashed and lets the children remain in Corinth. The children later deliver a poisoned gown to Jason’s new bride that also kills the King of Corinth. Medea then kills the children. Later, she refuses to let Jason bury the bodies or say goodbye to the dead children he now loves so dearly. Jason is cursed with many catastrophic flaws that lead to his downfall and that of others around him.
Jason, as shown in The Golden Fleece, has been etched into the Western Canon of literature as the invincible hero, the mortal who rose against the odds. Jason is depicted as the unstoppable warrior that could overcome any adversity, the pinnacle of Greek heroes and the ultimate champion. However, near the conclusion of the epic of Jason commits one final act of horrible treachery by becoming engaged to marry the daughter of the King of Corinth, while he was married to Medea. This act begs the question of what drove Jason to commit such a crime, psychologically speaking. There are several plausible answers that immediately present themselves under the given circumstances in the book, however, after several thorough readings of the original text, it becomes evident that Jason was driven to this end by a sense that he had sacrificed more for Medea than she had for him, an intrinsic feeling of superiority to Medea based on the patriarchal principles that defined ancient Greek society, and his knowledge that Medea was the only thing holding him from his kingdom.