Free software is designated software’s that provides users liberation and freedom of use. Open source softwares are free softwares which are designed by developers to be distributed free of cost for the benefit of community. These softwares also provide the code with which the user can modify and distribute the software under the same license.
In order to understand about the freeware and how it started we need to start from beginning . In the era of 50 and 60 almost all the softwares along with the source code was freely available with computer so people can change them according to their need. In those days computer companies make free software to increase the hardware sale.
When company called IBM (International business machine) started selling computers in the 1960s which was one of the first computer machines, they introduced some free software. These softwares were easy to modify and can be shared among different users. After some time IBM gain more success in the Community by launching some software which were written in an assembly language named as “Cobol”. (R.W.Bemer)
Computer was too expensive in earlier days to run single tasks at a time. So companies start working on such programs so that computer can able to work on multiple things at a time.MIT computer lab start working on it and developed a new system called “CTSS( compatible time sharing system)”.This System has the ability to connect 30 users together at a time with modem .
In early 70 a well know programmer named Ken Thompson who worked in bell laboratories (famous for Research work) developed an operating system called “UNICS (Uniplexed information and computing services)” and was later named as UNIX.UNIX is also one of the operating system that was dev...
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...lp through blogs or forums as no personnel assistance will be provided from developers of these softwares. (Rachna Kapur, July 2010)
Bibliography
(n.d.). Retrieved May 1245 am , 2014, from Time.com: http://techland.time.com/2012/05/18/remembering-andrew-fluegelman-a-quiet-giant-of-the-pc-revolution/ introducing andriod wear. (2014, 05 21). Retrieved from developer.andriod: http://developer.android.com/about/index.html
R.W.Bemer. (n.d.). A view of the history of cobol. Honeywell computer journal , 130-135.
Rachna Kapur, M. B. (July 2010). Open Source Development. (F. edition, Ed.) Markhan.on, canada: IBM develoment workers.
Stallman, R. M. (2010). Free Software, Free Society (2nd Edition ed.). (2. J. Feller and others (Cambridge: MIT Press, Ed.) Boston: Free Software Foundation.
Weber Steven, 1. (2004). The success of open source . London: Havard university press.
I was very interested in computers and technology as a child, both playing games and building fake parts for them. Still in elementary school, I was fascinated by these computing machines, spending hours on end working with DOS to satisfy my curiosity. Around my middle school years, Windows became graphical, and I found interest in even more computer games with even greater experiences and capabilities. Windows was the dominant operating system at the time, but I was soon to find there was a whole different world out there of operating systems. While out on vacation in Washington, DC, my Dad and I were able to meet with the local Tech Fanatics group, HackDC. It was here where I discovered Linux. Linux, an alternative to Windows, immediately grabbed my attention when I saw it in use. It appeared to me as something that only the extreme computer users even heard of. Upon my return home,
The notion that software should be free is one that is highly critiqued within the technology industry. Free, as in the idea that users can obtain the source code for any given program, and modify and redistribute it as they like. Currently most all software produced is proprietary in nature. Corporations pay developers to create proprietary software that they then obstruct (so that no modifications can be made), and sell (to turn a profit). Richard Stallman has been fighting the idea of proprietary software, and specifically software ownership, for decades. Stallman holds the stance that software ownership is a detriment to society, and stifles innovation, education, and social cohesion.
Open source software development is taking place all over the world where part of the community develops individual modules, becoming necessary to establish standards and common definitions for open source software. These standards are established to define interaction between modules to insure interoperability of software. Software components which follow specific open standards can be replaced with other standard-compliant product, which allows the user more freedom to choose the component best suited to his needs and is not bound to a particular product, as with commercial software (Chauhan)
This computer programming language is used by many businesses' computers. COBOL handles numbers and text so that businesses can produce reports and keep track of all sorts of data. It has no idea what a date is.
Why do people pirate software? The obvious answer is: people want to use the software, but not pay for it. However, when we change the question slightly, to: “Why do people steal source code?” A variety of interesting answers can pop up. Possibly, the thief wants to modify the code, make copies of it, and proceed to sell it as his own creation -- for a profit. Or, perhaps the perpetrator is a raging open source advocate and he simply wants to examine the stolen code to improve his programming skills. As harmless as the latter may sound, it is still a clearly defined crime in virtually every hi-tech country in the world.1
Comparing to "Free Software", the term ``open source software'' is associated with a different engineering approach, different values, and even a different criterion for which licenses are acceptable. We differentiate the Free Software movement and the Open Source movement with different views and goals, although engineers can and do work together on some practical projects.
As the internet is becoming faster and faster, an operating system (OS) is needed to manage the data in computers. An Operating system can be considered to be a set of programed codes that are created to control hardware such as computers. In 1985 Windows was established as an operating system and a year earlier Mac OS was established, and they have dominated the market of the computer programs since that time. Although, many companies have provided other operating systems, most users still prefer Mac as the most secured system and windows as it provides more multiple functions. This essay will demonstrate the differences between windows
Software piracy is a complicated issue with no simple solutions or simple causes. First we’ll try to explain the reason why people might commit software piracy, and then we’ll attempt to explore how they might rationalize there actions.
It all began in 1991, during the time of monumental computing development. DOS had been bought from a Seattle hacker by Bill Gates, for a sum of $50,000 – a small price for an operating system that had managed sneak its way across the globe due to a clever marketing strategy. Apple’s OS and UNIX were both available, though the cost of running either was far greater than that of running DOS. Enter MINIX, an operating system developed from the ground up by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a college professor. MINIX was part of a lesson plan used to teach students the inner-workings of an operating system. Tanenbaum had written a book on MINIX called “Operating System” and anyone who had picked up a copy would find the 12,000 lines of code that comprised MINIX itself. This was a big issue; due to the fact that all know (well published) operating systems to that point had been well guarded by software developers, thus making it difficult for people to truly expand on operating system mechanics.
Because of the robust Linux programmer community, several “flavour’s” of Linux (known as “vendors”) are available, and each is specialized in a slightly different way. This robust operating system is being widely adopted by IT professionals in growing businesses because of its high quality, reliability, and price.
DeveloperWorks provides articles, demos, podcasts, and tutorials to both IBM employees, customers and other developers for free (Pearlson & Saunders, 2013)
Watson, J. (2008). A history of computer operating systems (pp. 14-17). Ann Arbor, MI: Nimble Books.
On May 28, 1959, the Conference of Data Systems Languages (CODASYL) met for the first time with the idea of developing a universal language for building business applications. That language was COBOL. By 1960, COBOL was commercially ready, and for the next 20 years, more programs were written in COBOL than in any other language. Influenced by FORTRAN, a programming language for the scientific community, and FlowMatic, the group recognized the growing needs of the business community. They thought that if the scientific programmers were going to get a single language, they could do the same for business. In April 1959, at an informal meeting at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, a small group of computer manufacturers, large users and academics asked the Department of Defense (DOD) to head the efforts (The Creation of COBOL,Brandel). The next month, the DOD called the first meeting of CODASYL, which consisted of eight computer manufacturers and a few large users. The DOD broke CODASYL into several committees, and by June, the nine member “short-range committee” was asked to undertake a six-month investigation into developing the language. DOD made COBOL mandatory for all suppliers of computing hardware and software who were bidding of defense procurements (Encyclopedia of Comp.Sci.,page350). This pressure resulted in persuading other suppliers to adopt COBOL also and thus the programming language took off.
The term "software piracy" covers different activities: illegal copying of programs, counterfeiting and distributing software - even sharing a program with a friend.