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Digital Media Piracy
Digital Media; as in software, music, movies, books, and anything else which can be stored in binary representation, which then, can be so conveniently transmitted across the globe over the world wide web to anyone and everyone, with total disregard to any copyright laws what so ever, which is where the piracy part comes in.
Probably not too long after the computer was first invited, someone sat down and wrote a useful piece of software, and then not too long after that, some guy copied that piece of software and probably thought it was pretty nifty trick. Well, fast forward a few decades and repeat the process a few billion times, or at least the copying part, and you have what the software piracy situation is today. Globally, it is estimated that $11.75 billion dollars worth of software was pirated in the year 2000[1], $4.2 billion is lost to music piracy[2], and a whopping $30 billion in movie piracy[3]. What is a bit of a mystery however is that people are doing it with so little disregard to the law or moral consideration. In America, people are generally honest and upright citizens, I have seen many new reports in which they purposely drop wallets on city streets, and to there surprise, most were returned, and few were missing any cash. So why is it that despite having generally morally good people do people give copyright infringements such poor consideration. These and other issue are what I will try to explore.
Software piracy is a complicated issue with no simple solutions or simple causes. First we’ll try to explain the reason why people might commit software piracy, and then we’ll attempt to explore how they might rationalize there actions.
There are most likely many factors wh...
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..., “Sixth Annual BSA Global Software Piracy Study”, May 2001
[5] http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08603a.htm, “Philosophy of Immanuel Kant”, 2003
[6] http://www.victorianweb.org/philosophy/phil4.html, “Emotionalist Moral Philosophy: Sympathy and the Moral Theory that Overthrew Kings”, 1988
[7] http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/revenge, “Revenge”
[8] http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/09/09/the_riaa_sees_the_face/, “The RIAA sees the face of evil, and it's a 12-year-old girl”, September 2003
[9] http://news.com.com/2100-1023_3-245518.html, “SDMI offers $10,000 challenge to hackers”, September 2000
[10] http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/200010/msg00050.html, “Researchers Crack Digital Music Challenge”, October 2000
[11] http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,111304,00.asp, “Apple Touts ITunes Success”, June 2003
More advanced technology users can make copies and distribute it to the general public for free. The people who are the originators of this information seem to be a step behind the those users who attempt to distribute the information for free. Many internet users are aware that there are ways to get this information for free and will go to lengths to avoid paying for it. Some users risk downloading viruses onto their electronics in order to avoid paying fees charged by the makers of information that they are trying to get a hold of. This problem caused a big push more legislation around copyright
Canadian workplaces today seem to be a fairly diverse place, with a blend of many religions, ethnicities, and genders present. However, although people preach affirmative action and melting pots in current times, many inequality and power issues still abound. One strikingly noticeable example is gender discrimination. Women in the workforce face many challenges like smaller wages, harassment, male privilege in hiring or promotions, and lack of support when pregnant or raising children. One half of the planet is women, and it can be assumed the same for Canada, but they still face judgment at work because they lack the authority to dispute against big corporations or even their male supervisor. It cannot be argued that Canadian women’s status has worsened over the past hundred years, of course, thanks to feminism and activism. However, their status is not as high as it could be. Women as a group first started fighting for workplace equality during the second wave of feminism, from the 1960s to the 1990s. Legislation was approved during the second wave to try to bring gender equality to the workplace. Feminists both collided and collaborated with unions and employers to ensure women received fair treatment in an occupation. Quebec had the same issues, only the province approached the conflict differently than English Canada with its own unique viewpoint. It became clear that women were entering the workplace and did not plan on leaving. Second-wave feminism in Canada shifted power from the government and businesses to women in order to try to bring equality, although the discrimination never completely disappeared.
When we look at the history of women’s paid employment in Canada, we can see that society has come a long way. Previously, women’s work was in the home, in the private sphere. Her work consisted of taking care uniquely of the home and the children. Rarely, would we see women working for a wage expect for poor women; only because, their families needed the income. Mainly, the only jobs that were available for women were domestic service, a job that relates to the private sphere of the home. People believed that if a woman had paid employment, she was taking away a paycheck from a man, or she would become too manly.
The United States of America was formed on the basis of freedom for all, but the definition of “all” is very arbitrary. Racial adversity has been an ongoing factor throughout the United States’ history. However, from 1877 to the present, there have been many strides when trying to tackle this problem, although these strides were not always in the right direction. All the books read throughout this course present the progression of race and race relations over the course of America’s history.
Over the past decade the societal view of creative society has greatly changed due to advances in computer technology and the Internet. In 1995, aware of the beginning of this change, two authors wrote articles in Wired Magazine expressing diametrically opposed views on how this technological change would take form, and how it would affect copyright law. In the article "The Emperor's Clothes Still Fit Just Fine" Lance Rose hypothesized that the criminal nature of copyright infringement would prevent it from developing into a socially acceptable practice. Thus, he wrote, we would not need to revise copyright law to prevent copyright infringement. In another article, Entitled "Intellectual Value", Esther Dyson presented a completely different view of the copyright issue. She based many her arguments on the belief that mainstream copyright infringement would proliferate in the following years, causing a radical revision of American ideas and laws towards intellectual property. What has happened since then? Who was right? This paper analyzes the situation then and now, with the knowledge that these trends are still in a state of transformation. As new software and hardware innovations make it easier to create, copy, alter, and disseminate original digital content, this discussion will be come even more critical.
While comparing the sociology of race relations beginning in the 1920’s with the first Chicago School period and ending in the 1960’s with the development of the civil rights movement, one will find an era where the dominant sociological thoughts are rooted in what will eventually show to be a flawed perspective. Also, these sociologists begin this new thinking in an era that appears to be full of great enthusiasm as their discipline is transitioning out of a place where race is looked at from a biological aspect, which was found to be an untrue perspective, into an era where the standards are controlled by one race. Additionally, one will find this new perspective to be filled with many great additions to the discipline; however, the vast majority of these additions will prove to be flawed in some fashion, which will lead once again to a failed perspective. This failure is mapped out extensively by James B. McKee in his work Sociology and the Race Problem: The Failure of a Perspective. Furthermore, one will find that James McKee offers an analysis on many presumptions and viewpoints expressed by prominent sociologists, during this time, that assist in the eventual breakdown of sociological perspective.
The Divine Command theory of ethics is a theory that states that an act is right or wrong and good or bad based on whether or not God commands or prohibits us from doing it. This means that the only thing that makes an action morally wrong is because God says it is. There are two sides to this theory; the restricted and the unrestricted. The restricted theory basically says that an action is obligatory if and only if it is good and God commanded it; the unrestricted theory states that an act is only obligatory if it is commanded by God, it is not obligatory if it is prohibited by God and it is optional if and only if God has not commanded nor prohibited it.
Until the Feminist Movement in the 1960’s, women faced enormous inequality in the workforce. (E-Collaborative, 2014) Many jobs prior to this time were limited to only males, women often held submissive occupations, working under the supervision of a man. In many instances both sexes were carrying out the same responsibilities but were paid on an entirely differ...
As a suffering person, ill and in excruciating pain, would you like to continue enduring the pain in your life in extreme agony? Or would you rather rest and bring your life to a painless close? Every country is the home to sick people. Some live every day in excruciating pain, while others can’t do anything without assistance. For many, living in pain and not being able to do anything on their own is no way of living; and want to die to rest and put an end in their suffering. In many countries, this method is called Euthanasia, but is often referred to as assisted suicide. Unbelievably, in many countries around the world including Canada, euthanasia is illegal. Human euthanasia shouldn’t be illegal in Canada and should depend solely on the individual not the government of Canada. Two reasons why euthanasia should be legal in Canada are: Many people believe that ill people, debilitated for life and in torturous pain basically live no life and suffer every hour, day, minute and second they live. The second reason is that the law in Canada considers euthanasia to be manslaughter as seen in the following quote, “One might expect euthanasia to be prosecuted as first-degree murder, because there is intent to cause death, which is the definition of murder, and the act is most often planned and deliberate, which is the definition of first-degree murder.” Euthanasia is simply a way to end a person’s agony, but should only be done if the individual specifically asks for it to be done.
These things continue many centuries but now you do not have face that much difficulty compare to the last centuries. Before, women have to stay at home and they have to take care of their small children. Government introduce the two policy, and they are child care system and equal pay for work of equal value. In child care system, government introduced the daycare. In Canada, daycare was proposed in 1970 but Quebec was exception. To continue the child care system, provincial government introduced the comprehensive family policy. This policy attempts to integrate family benefits, paid parental leave, child care and kindergarten. With these policy, women can work not as part-time but full time, and you will have an experience that normally company ask you. Second policy was equal pay for work of equal vale. Even though that not in all country, it was that women will earn same amount as men earn in any field. But in 1985, Manitoba become the first Canadian province to implement equal pay for work of equal value in the public service. And now, this policy become official in 10 of 13 Canadian jurisdictions; Alberta, Saskatchewan, and the Northwest Territories are the exception. Inequality form did not end but even is not bad as much as it was before. Now at least, women have the authority to speak, to do anything they want. When all people judge you the way you work in company not the gender wise than gender gap in earning will be eliminate for
Though each article has its differences in style, perspective, and concerns, all three reinforce the idea that race relations in the 1930s and 1940s, especially in the South, were in dire need of work. Whether the issue was how African Americans were viewed, treated, or thought of in American life, the main point that seems to come through in each author’s work is that on the whole, things needed to change from the prejudiced and stereotypical behaviors of southern America and, to a greater extent, the country as a whole. Race relations were not a high point in history, and it is a shame things did not get better sooner than they did. Du Bois, Wright, and Myrdal showed the state of the world after the Reconstruction era and before the Civil Rights movement, which was harsh and controversial yet had a big impact on American life and American history.
Why do people pirate software? The obvious answer is: people want to use the software, but not pay for it. However, when we change the question slightly, to: “Why do people steal source code?” A variety of interesting answers can pop up. Possibly, the thief wants to modify the code, make copies of it, and proceed to sell it as his own creation -- for a profit. Or, perhaps the perpetrator is a raging open source advocate and he simply wants to examine the stolen code to improve his programming skills. As harmless as the latter may sound, it is still a clearly defined crime in virtually every hi-tech country in the world.1
Divine command ethics is a theory that states, that an action's moral content is equivalent to if it was commanded by God. It states that if God is all powerful, then he must also be all good. It then follows that if God is all good, everything He commands must be moral. It uses God as the only basis of determining if a particular action is moral. Moreover it states that an action cannot be moral if, God did not expressly command the action to be performed, this theory also does not allow an atheist to be able to perform a moral action even by mistake. Since the morality of the action depends entirely on if God would have commande...
In order to critique the Divine Command Theory, it is important to first understand it. According to the theory, morality is defined solely by the will of God and no moral standards exist independent of His will. It is simple and unambiguous; once accepted, issues such as moral relati...
A Worldwide Problem Software piracy is defined as the illegal copying of software for commercial or personal gain. Software companies have tried many methods to prevent piracy, with varying degrees of success. Several agencies like the Software Publishers Association and the Business Software Alliance have been formed to combat both worldwide and domestic piracy. Software piracy is an unresolved, worldwide problem, costing millions of dollars in lost revenue. Software companies have used many different copy protection schemes. The most annoying form of copy protection is the use of a key disk. This type of copy protection requires the user to insert the original disk every time the program is run. It can be quite difficult to keep up with disks that are years old. The most common technique of copy protection requires the user to look up a word or phrase in the program's manual. This method is less annoying than other forms of copy protection, but it can be a nuisance having to locate the manual every time. Software pirates usually have no trouble "cracking" the program, which permanently removes the copy protection. After the invention of CD-ROM, which until lately was uncopyable, most software companies stopped placing copy protection in their programs. Instead, the companies are trying new methods of disc impression. 3M recently developed a new technology of disc impression which allows companies to imprint an image on the read side of a CD-ROM. This technology would not prevent pirates from copying the CD, but it would make a "bootleg" copy differ from the original and make the copy traceable by law enforcement officials (Estes 89). Sometimes, when a person uses a pirated program, there is a "virus" attached to the program. Viruses are self-replicating programs that, when activated, can damage a computer. These viruses are most commonly found on pirated computer games, placed there by some malignant computer programmer. In his January 1993 article, Chris O' Malley points out that if piracy was wiped out viruses would eventually disappear (O' Malley 60). There are ways that a thrifty consumer can save money on software without resorting to piracy. Computer companies often offer discounts on new software if a person has previously purchased an earlier version of the software. Competition between companies also drives prices low and keeps the number of pirated copies down (Morgan 45). People eventually tire or outgrow their software and decide to sell it.