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Daniel Pham
Professor Justin Coburn
History 1
5 May 2014
The Jungle
Historical analysis:
The Industrial Revolution of the 1800’s had a dramatic effect on economic and social life around the globe. The economy of industrializing nations shifted from agriculture to manufacturing and from rural to urban. Thanks to innovation and technology, energy production and manufacturing, factories churned out large quantities of new products at lower prices. Almost overnight, cities swelled to support the new industries. Soon people were flocking to the growing city looking for work and a better life. The factory life did not live up to its promise. The workers had few rights. Wages were low, hours were long. Working conditions were often unsafe: unemployment, disability, or death was always just an accident away. These harsh working conditions were common at the turn of the 20th century. In 1906, Upton Sinclair published The Jungle, a novel about the American meat packing industry.
At the time The Jungle was written, the plants were a horrible place to work. They were full of violence, viruses, bacteria—there weren’t clean. Frequently, dead and diseased animals were slaughtered and then made into food.
Sinclair’s novel follows the story of a young Lithuanian, Jurgis Rudkus, who arrives in American seeking freedom and opportunity. He finds work in a prosperous and—as he learns to his dismay—filthy Chicago meat packaging plant.
Think about an individual coming from a rural-agricultural society. Whether it’s Jurgis coming from Lithuanian or a black migrant coming from the Deep South like Mississippi, coming into a large industrial city and working in a mass production industry like meat packing. The Jungle talks about the life of an immigran...
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... of the elite. The elite is very apparent in our time because there are a lot of problems in the American country and it seems like we haven’t really learned from Sinclair—we haven’t really learned from the people who wrote and lived early 1900s.
P.S. I actually thought Sinclair did an awesome job allowing the reader to feel deeply for Jurgis and his family. This was a wonderful book... until the end. As I was reading "The Jungle" I swore it was going to be among the best books I've read and along came the fifty or so pages of Socialistic propaganda, AT THE END! Way to ruin such a great story with political babble. I found out later that he was a diehard socialist and will never read another one of his books. Political. In my defense, it probably wasn’t the greatest idea to go from the satirical work of Kurt Vonnegut to the depressingly realistic work of Sinclair.
Upon his 1906 publishing of The Jungle, Sinclair was coined as an avid “muckraker” when President Roosevelt addressed an audience in April of that year. When asked whether or not the novel provided a realistic account of workers conditions within the Chicago meat packing industry, Roosevelt accused Sinclair of being a liar in an attempt to discredit him. A large part of this was credited to Roosevelt’s personal distaste for Sinclair’s apparent link to the Socialist party but, Roosevelt was also unaware that Sinclair had worked undercover at the plant to gather first hand and accurate accounts. The Jungle shined light on the poor working conditions of workers in a meat packing facility. Throughout the novel, Sinclair gave gruesome examples of what workers went through each and every day. Each department of the facility was faced with its own risks and challenges, “There were the wool pluckers, whose hands went to pieces even sooner than the hands of the pickle men; for the pelts of the sheep had to be painted with acid to loosen the wool, and then the pluckers had to pull out this wool with
Upton Sinclair, the author of The Jungle, wrote this novel to unveil the atrocious working conditions and the contaminated meat in meat-packing workhouses. It was pathos that enabled his book to horrify hundreds of people and to encourage them to take a stand against these meat-packing companies. To obtain the awareness of people, he incorporated a descriptive style to his writing. Ample amounts of imagery, including active verbs, abstract and tangible nouns, and precise adjectives compelled readers to be appalled. Durham, the leading Chicago meat packer, was illustrated, “having piles of meat... handfuls of dried dung of rats...rivers of hot blood, and carloads of moist flesh, and soap caldrons, craters of hell.” ( Sinclair 139). His description
Around the same time, journalists started to go undercover to experience first hand just how corrupt the system had become. One of the most influential mudruckers is Upton Sinclair, who went undercover in a meat packing factory and recorded his analysis of the conditions. Built off of the backs of immigrants, it is the very same people that are poorly mistreated but are the reason for the country's booming economy. Yet, a century ago, these migrant workers who devoted their health and time to the factories received a poor man’s salary. They worked long, strenuous hours in horrible conditions and would often get injured during the process.
The message of the film is to describe the Waorani lifestyle and how the rainforest is critical to their maintaining their nomadic lifestyle that has been a part of their culture for centuries. Wade Davis’ article, Among the Waorani, provides much of the content brought to
In Upton Sinclair’s novel “The Jungle” the use of animalistic terms and connotations in the depictions of both the people and the politics created persuasive arguments for socialism and against capitalism.
The Jungle is a vivid novel and I’m going to expose one of the major themes that I found to be unimaginable. It tells the tale of immigrants who were subjected to barbarian working conditions with absolutely no labor laws, I’m also going to use the text book entitled America a Concise History to describe how awful these working conditions were and the changes in labor laws it had in American society. This book describes major problems and changes of what was happening in America at this specific time in American history.
In 1906, socialist Upton Sinclair published The Jungle, a book he hoped would awaken the American people to the deplorable conditions of workers in the meat packing industry. Instead, the book sent the country reeling with its description of filthy, rat infested plants, suspect meats processed and sold to consumers, and corrupt government inspectors. President Roosevelt became seriously concerned by the charges brought forth by Mr. Sinclair and determined the only way to protect consumers from unscrupulous business and unsafe food was to enforce regulation.
A major theme of The Jungle is socialism as a remedy for the evils of capitalism. Every event that takes place in the novel is designed to show a particular failure of capitalism. Sinclair attempts to show that capitalism is a "system of chattel slavery" and the working class is subject to "the whim of en every bit as brutal and unscrupulous as the old-time slave drivers"(Sinclair 126). Sinclair portrays this view through Jurgis, a hardworking Lithuanian immigrant and his family. Sinclair uses the hardships faced by this family to demonstrate the effect of capitalism on working people as a whole. Jurgis' philosophy of "I will work harder" is shown not to work in this system. No matter how hard Jurgis worked, he and his family were still stuck in the same squalor. These characters did not overcome the odds and succeed. That would defeat the purpose of the novel; to depict capitalism as an economic and social system that ignores the plight of the working class and only cares for the wealthy, as well as furthering his socialist agenda.
Although the economy during that time was booming, companies wanted costs low and profits high in competitive markets, so wages were kept low with long hours and terrible work conditions for men, women, and children. Upton Sinclair exploited this by writing “The Jungle,” describing the work conditions workers had to face and the filth in the meat packing plants, photography also became a use of documentation showing child laborers and lastly a 1911 garment factory fire in New York City killing 126 workers contributed to exploiting this problem. Jacob Riis wrote about his first-hand experience of the harsh life in the slums; Jane Addams was able to help with this problem by cofounding a settlement house. This started more settlement houses and hull houses to develop to provide a community center for neighbors and citizens. Ida Tarbell described the tactics used by big businesses to eliminate competition and Lincoln Steffens exposed corruption in city governments.
The socialist party, to which Sinclair belonged since he was twenty-four, was moderately popular in certain areas (Literature 572). The American people were, in a way, open to the suggestion. As the title proposes, the novels is meant to show how American economic power had led big business, trusts, and incorporations to take control of the country, and turn it into a brutal jungle, where the `little guy' had nearly no hope for survival, let alone hope of the American dream of prosperity.
Sinclair stated that “the animals’ faith emphasized [his] views of how industry treats humankind” (Sinclair 8). Machinery was more important and valuable than the human life, especially the life of an immigrant worker with no rights and freedoms. The author concluded that society was the jungle where people had to work hard in order to survive and escape the challenges of their living. Continuous struggle was needed to maintain the challenges and problems of people’s everyday life enabling them to maintain control over their life and to get the current opportunities. Exploitation of immigrants was another important problem covered in the book promoting specific changes in society. In conclusion, Sinclair made a very convincing argument and his writing was so influential it prompted government action.
The journalist Upton Sinclair wrote “The Jungle” to portray the circumstances and exploited lives of immigrants in the United States. His main goal in revealing the meat industry and working situations was to advance socialism in the U.S. The readers were concerned with his exposure of health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century, contributing to a public outcry which led to reforms with the Meat Inspection Act. The elements are analogized with rooted corruption of people in the power and Sinclair was considered a muckraker who exposed corruption in the government and business. He spent weeks gathering information whole working in the meatpacking plants of the Chicago stockyards for the
“If any one of these onlookers came sufficiently close, or looked sufficiently hungry, a chair was offered him, and he was invited to the feast.” (Sinclair, 2) This was one of the interesting laws about the wedding feast in the forests of Lithuania where Ona Lukoszaite, Jurgis Rudkus, and their family lived before immigrating to Chicago. In Lithuania, Ona's family troubled by debt, since her father died. Heard about America was a free country, they decided to leave their homeland. Jurgis loved Ona and wanted to marry her. Therefore, he decided to go with her family. After six months immigrated to Chicago, this young couple celebrated their veselija in Packingtown that was Chicago's Meatpacking District in the early 1900s. Their wedding was
In conclusion, I feel that Sinclair's novel was a success, but not in the way he intended. His expose dealing with the meat packing industry was too graphic to be ignored and became the focus of the country instead of his message for Socialist reform which while not ignored did not catch on with the intensity he desired leaving the immigrant population to continue fending for themselves in the jungle.
Love is a variety of different feelings which can warm or hurt someone’s feeling. Love can fill-full or empty someone’s life; it has the unexpected power to conquer the world or destroy one’s bright future. Love’s infinite meaning has been proven in “The beast in the jungle” by Henry James. This short story describes about the friendship between John Marcher and May Bartram psychologically rather than physically. May has loved Marcher for years and is always by his side while Marcher did not realize or love her back. At the end of his life, Marcher suddenly discovered that he had wasted his life many years by living in fears and had lost his dearly friend like slipping water through his fingertips.