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The role of women in the middle ages
The role of women in the middle ages
The role of women in the middle ages
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Hildegard of Bingen is a remarkable woman who lived during the twelfth century. During this period, most women did not have a voice nevermind access to a sophisticated education, yet Hildegard managed to attain both of these things. From a young age Hildegard lived in a monastery where she was able to receive a full education and knowledge from a variety of different people. When Hildegard’s superior at the monastery passed away she was elected majora but soon after she moved and created two of her own monasteries due to a vision. During her time at the monastery Hildegard wrote many books. These books included ones on her visions, biblical commentaries and a medical/natural-scientific text along with multiple musical compositions. It is thought …show more content…
She was authorized by the pope himself to record her visions and turn them into works of art. Even though she experienced visions from a young age, she was only able to convert them into these artistic and social forms until midway through her life. Hildegard’s music was mostly about divine topics but also included her position on female roles in her society. To conclude this article, the author explains how Hildegard’s songs on women show that she believed women should have a radical and charismatic role in society/religion but how as Christianity grew this thought became completely ignored and the religion was replaced with a hierarchical priesthood of …show more content…
The Proverbs and the Bible itself are mentioned when Hildegard’s studies and stances on specific religious topics are discussed. The practice of Cherokee curing spells is mentioned due to the fact that some historians perceived Hildegard’s therapeutic writing to be comparable to the Cherokees spells. The natural-scientific text known as “Physica” is mentioned because it is believed that Hildegard’s writing was combined with another source to create this text. Other natural-scientific texts are also mentioned because they resemble Hildegard’s work (i.e. “De philosophia mundi”, “Practica” and “De pulsis et urinis”). Lastly, Jewish mysticism and the Kabbalah is mentioned because it is thought that they, in part, aided Hildegard’s visions. Out of these references, ones that have been alluded to and/or covered in Humanities 1A/B are the Bible and Jewish mysticism. The Bible is something that has been studied thoroughly in Humanities and relates to Hildegard because she had visions that had to do with cosmology, relationship with God and human purpose; all things discussed in the Bible itself.
In all of the scholarly articles it is mentioned in some form how Hildegard’s work was lost for an extended period of time. This disappearance of her work can be hypothesized to be because of the idea of male superiority and the fact that men in power did not want common women to be aware
Throughout history there have been many cases of women who possess strong powers and a passion for God, especially in the Middle Ages. One woman that fit into that category was Margery Kempe, a fifteenth-century visionary, who was a controversial figure in the Christian faith. Margery insisted that Jesus talked to her, while many people thought that she was being possessed by the devil. During the time of The Middle Ages many stories of women saints were being exposed with many differences from Kempe’s life, however there were some surprising similarities as well. Medieval female saints and martyrs were intended to be chaste if they were single and virtuous if they are married. They were also extremely devoted and pure to Christ, not giving in to any temptations. Kempe seems to be tempted by men, but then immediately followed by shame. On the other hand she posse’s qualities the saints share like, visions, passion, a desire to be chaste and, commitment. Saint Margaret of Antioch is one of the saints that appear often in “The Book of Margery Kempe”. She is a martyr who death occurred sometime in the late thirteenth century. Unlike the
What was the predominant image of women and women’s place in medieval society? Actual historical events, such as the scandal and subsequent litigation revolving around Anna Buschler which Steven Ozment detail’s in the Burgermeisters Daughter, suggests something off a compromise between these two literary extremes. It is easy to say that life in the sixteenth century was surely no utopia for women but at least they had some rights.
The women in Beowulf are barely discussed and seem to exist solely for the use of the men. They are weak and portray none of the legendary qualities that the men display. Wealhtheow, the Queen of Danes and Hrothgar's wife, is the only female character in the epic that talks. In a speech to her husband, we are able to see that she is a strong woman, who is able to speak her mind. She tells the king that it is good that he adopted Beowulf, but reminds him that he already has two sons. However, her speech is made while she carries the drinking goblet to all of the men in the room, "Wealhtheow came in,/ Hrothgar's queen, observing the courtesies./ Adorned in her gold, she graciously handed the cup first to Hrothgar, their homeland's guardian,/ urging him to drink deep and enjoy it because he was dear to them" (612-618). When she is given the opportunity to talk, she only praises the men and plays a role defined by their society.
In Beowulf, there are two main categories of women. The first category is women who are bound by arranged marriages. This was often used in an attempt to create peace -- although this approach often failed, it is no fault of the women. Beowulf's own parents had an arranged marriage, although it was not an attempt to make peace. Other women mentioned in Beowulf include Hildeburh and Freawaru. Hildeburh of the Danes was sent to marry Finn, the king of the Jutes and Frisians. Finn's men killed Hildeburh's brother, Hnaef, despite the newfound peace gained by the marriage. Her tale ends in tragedy even though she was supposed to bring and end to the feud between the two countrie...
...y protect their tribe or community, women maintained peace and order in the absence of the men. In reading Beowulf, the portrayal of women could be as servants to the men. In reality, this was just the custom of the culture, and as seen throughout the piece women are addressed with respect and praise on many occasions. Women that received isolation and opposition were those that stood on their own without men to do the “dirty work” of violence. With regards to this, one can assume that women of this time period were seen to hold purity, delicacy, and compassion. In serving men and remaining home, men protected women from the inhumanity in war and loss of beauty in grace. This could all be seen rather than women having the mere role of insignificant slaves. In the Old English tale of Beowulf, the customary position of women in society is in respectfully serving men.
Two Works Cited To the reader of Old English Beowulf the familial and marital relationships are not so very obvious, especially when one is concentrating all of one’s mental energies on translating the thousand-year-old vocabulary of the poem. The following essay is intended to clarify those relationships while proceeding sequentially through the poem.
Baumgarten, Elisheva, Oxford Handbook of Women and Gender in Medieval Europe (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013)
The story of Beowulf shows the effect of the spread of Christianity in the early Danish paganistic society that values heroic deeds and bravery above all else. The mythical creatures that Beowulf kills with his supernatural strength make the story into an epic celebrating the life of a great hero. However, blending in among Beowulf's triumphs against the three key creatures, we also see Christian virtues being instilled upon the listeners. The good qualities of loyalty, humility, sacrifice for the good of others, and sympathy for those less fortunate are seen woven into the text as well as the negative consequences from greed and pride. The characters of Grendel, his mother, and the dragon are tools used by the author to teach values, but also to rejoice in the legendary success of Beowulf.
Marguerite Porete’s Mirouer des simples ames, also known as “The Mirror of Simple Souls”, dating from the 1290s, is a remarkable text by any standards. It is the oldest known mystical text written in French and the only surviving text written by a woman convicted of heresy. Marguerite’s work is a complex piece of literature given that it was written in an era in which many people were not educated. Her use of literary discourse illustrates the sophistication with which she presents her information and ideas, aiding in her persuasive rhetoric. Moreover, her book does more than challenge the ideals and beliefs of the Catholic Orthodoxy which was a feat in and of itself, it is also subliminally challenging the balance of power between men and women. Furthermore, her works are widely considered to be an early example of a feminine approach to theology.
The women characters in Beowulf show that during the time period in which this was written, the roles of women were clearly defined. While, the author's views on women may never be fully revealed, it is made apparent that he believes in male superiority, and disobedient females ought to be suppressed. Like Wealhtheow, females were to exert minimal power and influence, but should always keep the drinks coming.
Sontag introduces her essay to the audience by establishing a focal point around the fact that women viewed today are derivative from the religious perspective of how women were viewed in history. During the ancient times, Greeks and Christians practiced their own methods of analyzing and critiquing women and their beauty. The Greeks believed that the lack of ‘inner” beauty could be compensated with “outer” beauty. They distinguished the two beauties in a way that suggested that both were interconnected to one another within an individual. The preference and priority was given to the ‘outer’ beauty, while the ‘inner’ beauty would be kept at bay. Christianity, on the other hand, gave moral significance to beauty; in defining beauty, or words of physical character to be associated with woman and feminine. Gradually, Sontag introduces the distinguishable beauty between men and women. She does this by recapitulating how in a Christian religion, a woman’s body was parted into many sections to be judged and scrutinized, while men are visua...
Hildegard von Bingen carried distinctive things into the world of Christianity and religion. Through her visions she was able to write books inspired by what she had envisioned from God. These books helped many, many people in discovering God and God’s way of life. These written works outlined the path of life and how to stay of the ‘right’ path. Not only this but Hildegard of Bingen also cleared confusion of who God really was because many people at the time didn’t know who he was or how to think of him but as she had received visions from God she was able to see him and describe this to others. Hildegard only became Christian after she had many visions as she didn’t know about God but through these insights she saw God, his powers, blessings,
During the time that she was writing women were not taken seriously in Germany for their writing so she had to find creative ways around this. All of her writings were in Latin which was very common during this time for educated Europeans to be very versed in. Hroswitha of Gandersheim is known for writing the first plays ever written by a woman and after Sappho she is the first known European poet. Although she took the vow of chastity and obedience she never took the vow of poverty while she was in the convent She wrote a total of six plays and eight poems One of her poems she wrote was in honor of Otto I and the history of abbey community. She was the first Christian playwright. Hildegard of Bingen was born into a noble family and her father
Beowulf can easily be considered the magnum opus of Anglo-Saxon literature. Often times considered the “mother poem” of England, Beowulf is on par with Greece’s Iliad and Odyssey. Within its pages, the titular character embarks on captivating quests and adventures, leaving the reader with a quick snapshot of Anglo-Saxon life and culture. Set in the dreary land of sixth-century Scandinavia, the poem displays important Anglo-Saxon ideals such as male dominance and revenge. Written by an unidentified seventh-century Christian monk, the epic story of Beowulf is brilliantly infused with both Christian and pagan mythoi. By some accounts, Beowulf, himself, represents Jesus Christ while the three antagonists represent separate entities of Satan. Regardless, Beowulf has maintained to be a relevant piece of literature for nearly 1,300 years. Through his stroke of literary genius and expert-level use of diction, tone, imagery, and style, the author assembled a work that has stood a true test of time, yet has continued to stand true to its bygone roots.
Although the similarities in the role of a woman in Islam and Christianity stem from the same idea of anatomy and psychology of one’s sex dictating their role, the means in which this belief is used to treat women varies for either religion. Thus helping us understand the idea of women being “separate but equal”. The complexities of christianity through a feminist lens can be explored through Pope Francis’ view on the role of the woman. His beliefs lie in the idea that the human biological sex and the anatomy and psychology that corresponds with each sex dictates one’s role in society. He does not believe this notion serves as a means to establish or justify male supremacy. Instead He links the