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Management of the ebola virus
Management of the ebola virus
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When interacting with a patient who is infected with ebola, a healthcare professional should wearing high level Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This includes PPE that covers the clothing and skin; also PPE must also completely protect mucous membranes. A single-use impermeable gown that extends to at least mid-calf is required. A single-use impermeable coverall is also acceptable. These two pieces of PPE should be available in appropriate sizes for individuals with longer arms or legs. Thumb loops are recommended with overalls to assure the sleeves stay in place. For respiratory PPE, an individual should wear a PAPR or a disposable, NIOSH-certified N95 respirator. The PAPRs with a full-face cover is recommended; these make it harder for …show more content…
This housing should be a single-patient room with a private bathroom. If a private bathroom is not accessible then a covered bedside commode with bagging of human waste should be used as an alternative method. The door to this patient's room should be closed at all times; any person or equipment removed from this room is considered contaminated. When examining a patient, the healthcare worker should look for signs of fever symptoms, severe headaches, fatigue, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or unexplained hemorrhage. If these symptoms occur in a patient he/she is a Person Under Investigation (PUI). Any PUI should be taken to an appropriate ebola patient setting . The ebola virus is spread through direct contact with blood or body fluids of an infected person. Ebola can also be aerosols. This should not affect an individual's PPE since he/she should be wearing a respiratory protection regardless . In my opinion, the Dallas hospital should have enacted the ebola protocol as soon as they knew the patient's symptoms. The U.S healthcare system should have been on high alert with the new disease. With the patient experiencing more than three of the ebola symptoms, he should’ve been admitted and placed in
Ebola from everyone’s point of view is seen as inferno. Dr. Steven Hatch’s memorable journey began with him volunteering to leave for Liberia in 2013 to work at a hospital in Monrovia to fight Ebola in one of its most affected areas. There were only a few patients with Ebola when he arrived. The number of patients rapidly increased over his time in Liberia. After six months Ebola was declared a world health emergency and not only were ordinary people outside of the hospital getting the virus but the medical personnel that were tending to the patients had caught it and some of them had even died.
After the death of Charles Monet, the stage is set for much more to come. At the time, Monet’s death was considered unknown, because the Ebola virus was not known about at the time. Medication and antibiotics have no effect on someone with the virus, so obviously it’s pretty serious. Ebola is probably one of the most disgusting things anyone could ever imagine. What is basically does is turn your internal organs into liquid that then pours out of every single hole in your body, even the pores in your skin. Another effect of this virus is coughing up your own blood. This happens because the blood clots in your arteries and veins, which forces it to come out of your mouth and other areas. Eventually your skin will just explode from the pressure of all the blood built up in-between your skin and flesh. This virus can be very deceiving because it has the regular symptoms of diseases like malaria and typhoid fever, but it can kill you within a matter of 10 days.
This case is very recent and relevant to the Ebola epidemic effecting the world today. The facts of this case are:
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Ebola Symptoms are the following: severe headache, fever, muscle pain, fatigue, weakness, diarrhea, abdominal (stomach) pain, vomiting, and unexplained hemorrhage (bleeding or bruising). Symptoms may appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to Ebola, but the average is 8 to 10 days (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). The remains of a deceased individuals infected with Ebola continues to be contagious with Ebola for up to three days after the individual dies. Ebola lives on through bodily fluids such as: tears, saliva, urine, and blood (The Daily Beast Company LLC, 2014). Furthermore, when one dies the bodily contact continues as the body is washed and “wrapped in a shroud, mat or coffin and placed in the ground by several people, where more contamination is possible” (NewsHour Productions LLC, 2015). These sacred burial rituals have contributed to the spread of the disease named
"Preventing Exposures to Bloodborne Pathogens among Paramedics." Workplace Solutions (2010): n. pag. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Web. 9 Feb. 2014.
The early symptoms of Ebola hemorrhagic fever are characterized by high fever, chills, malaise and myalgia. The next phase of the disease is characterizes by hematemesis, (the vomiting of blood), diarrhea with blood, abdominal pain, and drained of physical strength, sore throat, edema, confusion, and uncontrolled bleeding at venipuncture sites (Bardi, 2002; Hensley, Jones, Feldmann, Jahrling, & Geisbert, 2005).
The Ebola virus can be passed from one person into another by bodily contact. Airborne transmission of Ebola has not yet been confirmed, as there is no substantial evidence of this occurring. Researchers are still to this day observing the ways of transmission of this virus from one person to the next. In previous outbreaks, this infection has often occurred among hospital care workers or family members who were caring for an ill or dead person infected with the virus. Blood and body fluids contain large amounts of virus, thus transmission of the virus has also occurred as a result of hypodermic needles being reused in the treatment of patients. Under-financed health care facilities in countries such as Zaire, Gabon, and Sudan find reusing needles a common practice. This contributes the vast amount of fatalities of this virus in these cities.
I was a member of a hazardous material responder team, which was responsible for responding to spills of hazardous or unknown materials. This necessitated determining whether the material was hazardous, and if it was, then we were tasked with cleanup and disposal of the material in a way that was safe and in accordance to proper procedure. Procedures were driven by the organization, but had to either meet or exceed state regulations for hazardous material cleanup and disposal. This included very well-defined, strict rules and plans for collecting and disposing of hazardous material. Through social identification, individuals identify characteristics of a group as similar themselves and as enhancing their status or power (Latham, 2012). I found this to be true in my experience, and identified more readily to characteristics of the group that that were similar to myself, such as conscientiousness and attention to detail.
...evaporated into the air and remains suspended for a period of time (Georgia Pacific). It also occurs with dust particles that contain infectious agents (Georgia Pacific). Once again, if working in close contact of someone that is infected, cover the eyes, nose and mouth if possible to prevent the transmission of infection. Common-vehicle transmission refers to contaminated items such as food, water, medications, devices, and equipment that would transmit the microorganism (Georgia Pacific). Methods of preventing nosocomial infections and breaking the chain of transmission include: observing aseptic technique, frequent hand washing especially between patients, careful handling and disinfection of fomites, use of disposable items, patient isolation, institutional methods such as air filtration within the hospital, and an active oversight within the hospital (Abedon).
Symptoms of Ebola include high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, generalized pain or malaise, and sometimes internal and external bleeding. It is also classified as a class A bioterrorisim agent and a level 4 bio-safety agent. A category A bioterrorism agent is a possible threat to national security and spreads rapidly. It may cause public panic and require special attention by public officials. Its speed with which it kills a person compromises its effectiveness, as it usually affects a small town, kills everybody there, and then dies out. Other category A agents in...
Ebola can be spread in a number of ways. Ebola reproduction in infected cells takes about eight hours. Hundreds to thousands of new virus cells are then released during periods of a few hours to a few days. In most outbreaks, transmission from patient to patient within hospitals has been associated within the reuse of needles and syringes. High rates of transmission in outbreaks have occurred from patients to family members who provide nursing care without barriers to prevent exposure to blood, other body fluids such as, vomit, urine and feces. Risk for transmitting the infection appears to be highest during the later stages of illness. Those symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, shock, and frequently hemorrhaging. Even a person who has recovered from the symptoms of the illness may have the virus present in the genital secretions for a short time after. This makes it possible for the virus to be spread by sexual activity. Complete recovery is reached only when none virus’s cells are left in any body fluids. This is quite rare.
(2014) shed light on two key components for infection control, which includes protecting patients from acquiring infections and protecting health care workers from becoming infected (Curchoe et al., 2014). The techniques that are used to protect patients also provide protection for nurses and other health care workers alike. In order to prevent the spread of infections, it is important for health care workers to be meticulous and attentive when providing care to already vulnerable patients (Curchoe et al., 2014). If a health care worker is aware they may contaminate the surroundings of a patient, they must properly clean, disinfect, and sterilize any contaminated objects in order to reduce or eliminate microorganisms (Curchoe et al., 2014). It is also ideal to change gloves after contact with contaminated secretions and before leaving a patient’s room (Curchoe, 2014). Research suggests that due to standard precaution, gloves must be worn as a single-use item for each invasive procedure, contact with sterile sites, and non-intact skin or mucous membranes (Curchoe et al., 2014). Hence, it is critical that health care workers change gloves during any activity that has been assessed as carrying a risk of exposure to body substances, secretions, excretions, and blood (Curchoe et al.,
In 1976 the first two Ebola outbreaks were recorded. In Zaire and western Sudan five hundred and fifty people reported the horrible disease. Of the five hundred and fifty reported three hundred and forty innocent people died. Again in 1995 Ebola reportedly broke out in Zaire, this time infecting over two hundred and killing one hundred and sixty. (Bib4, Musilam, 1)
One of the current major concerns in the world is the outbreak of Ebola. Ebola is a infectious disease that comes from the Ebola virus and it can cause death if the patient is left untreated. The disease can be managed with treatment of the patient, however. Ebola is a disease that is a major concern in the Subsaharan African Realm, and in the North American Realm,but it is beginning to be dealt with sufficiently in the Northern American Realm.
...tered if needed. The nurse will assess pulse oximetry readings, respiratory rate, and pain level. Pain will be treated with prescribed pain meds, fluids and electrolytes will be given as needed, and other meds such as bronchodilators, antibiotics, and/or antivirals will likely be prescribed. Pneumonia is very common illness but it can be fatal if not treated, so education regarding prevention and treatment is very important. Pneumococcal and influenza vaccines are available for prevention. Healthy eating and exercise are great ways to stay healthy and build a strong immune system. Proper fluid intake is very important, at least 6 to 8 glasses a day. Hand washing is the most effective way to stop the spread of infection.