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Essay on the marburg virus
History of ebola essay
Essay on the marburg virus
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The Ebola virus was discovered in 1976. It has four strains, each from a different geographic area, but all give their victims the same painful, often lethal symptoms.
The Ebola virus and Marburg virus are the two known members of the Filovirus family. Marburg is a relative of the Ebola virus. The four strains of Ebola are Ebola Zaire, Ebola Sudan, Ebola Reston, and Ebola Tai. Each one is named after the location where it was discovered. These filoviruses cause hemorrhagic fever, which is actually what kills victims of the Ebola virus. Hemorrhagic fever is defined as a group of viral aerosol infections, characterized by fever, chills, headache, fatigue, and respiratory symptoms. This is followed by capillary hemorrhages, and, in severe infection, kidney failure, hypotension, and, possibly, death. The incubation period for Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ranges from 2-21 days. The blood fails to clot and patients may bleed from injection sites and into the gastrointestinal tract, skin and internal organs. Massive destruction of the liver is one distinct symptom of Ebola. This virus does in ten days what it takes AIDS ten years to do. It also requires bio-safety level four containment, the highest and most dangerous level. HIV the virus that causes AIDS requires only a bio-safety level of two. In reported outbreaks, 50%-90% of cases have been fatal.
Ebola can be spread in a number of ways. Ebola reproduction in infected cells takes about eight hours. Hundreds to thousands of new virus cells are then released during periods of a few hours to a few days. In most outbreaks, transmission from patient to patient within hospitals has been associated within the reuse of needles and syringes. High rates of transmission in outbreaks have occurred from patients to family members who provide nursing care without barriers to prevent exposure to blood, other body fluids such as, vomit, urine and feces. Risk for transmitting the infection appears to be highest during the later stages of illness. Those symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, shock, and frequently hemorrhaging. Even a person who has recovered from the symptoms of the illness may have the virus present in the genital secretions for a short time after. This makes it possible for the virus to be spread by sexual activity. Complete recovery is reached only when none virus’s cells are left in any body fluids. This is quite rare.
Ebola Zaire was identified in 1976 in Northern Zaire and was the first documented appearance of the virus.
Nun: The Nun's name was unknown but she had the very first recorded case of Ebola Zaire which is the most dangerous of the three strains. Summary: This is a true story. On New Year's Day 1980 a man named Charles Monet went on a trip with a girl friend of his up to Mnt.
The general geographic region that has been most affected by the different strains of the Ebola virus is Central Africa, namely the cities of Zaire, Sudan, and Gabon. The first known occurrence of Ebola was found in a man by the name of Charles Monet, who had currently taken a trip...
The Ebola Virus is an extremely deadly virus found in Africa. There have been multiple outbreaks across Africa and one in the United States. The Ebola virus basically causes uncontrollable bleeding externally and internally. Then your organs become liquefied. This usually results in death(www.encyclopedia.com). The following report contains info on the characteristics and history of the Ebola Virus.
The Ebola Haemorrahagic Fever, or Ebola for short, was first recognized as a virus in 1967. The first breakout that caused the Ebola virus to be recognized was in Zaire with 318 people infected and 280 killed. There are five subtypes of the Ebola virus, but only four of them affect humans. There are the Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Ivory Coast and the Ebola-Bundibugyo. The fifth one, the Ebola-Reston, only affects nonhuman primates. The Ebola-Zaire was recognized on August 26, 1976 with a 44 year old schoolteacher as the first reported case. The Ebola-Sudan virus was also recognized in 1976 and was thought to be that same as Ebola-Zaire and it is thought to have broken out in a cotton factory in the Sudan. The Ebola-Ivory Coast was first discovered in 1994 in chimpanzees in the Tia Forest in Africa. On November 24, 2007, the Ebola-Bundibugyo branch was discovered with an approximate total of 116 people infected in the first outbreak and 39 deaths. The Ebola-Reston is the only one of the five subtypes to not affect humans, only nonhuman primates. It first broke out in Reston, Virginia in 1989 among crab eating macaques.
Y. H. LI, CHEN S. P et al. Evolutionary History of Ebola Virus (serial online). 2014; 142 (1-1138). Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed May 13, 2014.
In 1976 the first two Ebola outbreaks were recorded. In Zaire and western Sudan five hundred and fifty people reported the horrible disease. Of the five hundred and fifty reported three hundred and forty innocent people died. Again in 1995 Ebola reportedly broke out in Zaire, this time infecting over two hundred and killing one hundred and sixty. (Bib4, Musilam, 1)
The virus’ name is taken from the Ebola River in Zaire (now known as Democratic Republic of the Congo), the site of the initial outbreak in 1976. The primary symptoms are flu-like: sore throat, muscle pain, headaches, and weakness. Then, as it advances, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and limited kidney and liver functions occur.
Rare and deadly the Ebola hemorrhagic fever has been found in African monkeys, chimps, and other primates. Although a milder strain of Ebola has been found in monkeys* and pigs in the Philippeans the largest recorded outbreak took place in West Africa** during a two year span. (2014-2016) This virus is transported through the bodily fluids of infected animals, such as blood or waste products, and contaminated people. People aren't contagious until they start showing symptoms. Humans can be contaminated by reusing needles, not using protective gear, or using contaminated injection equipment.
The Ebola virus, being from the virus pathogen, isn’t a living organism and therefore invades host cells and takes over the nucleus which allows it to replicate itself and survive. The disease itself is spread by any type of fluids such as saliva, blood, moisture from breathing and also it can be present in a male’s semen. In the body it spreads via the blood stream and infects healthy organ cells causing them to be damaged and killed, which leads to internal bleeding and in some cases organ failure. In the West Africa outbreak, 28,000 cases of Ebola were reported with 11,000 of those cases proving to be fatal (as reported by the world health organisation). One of the symptoms of Ebola is that on the renal systems and the liver and that is that their function is significantly reduced and that can be followed by internal and external bleeding e.g. bleeding from the eyes, ears, nose or mouth
The Ebola outbreak started to make families abandon their love ones. Dealing with the disease that causing many to die in West Africa, people who interact with this dangerous and epidemic virus are treated like outsiders. After Mr. Kamara , a villager, started working for the Ebola task force, his family said, “ he was no longer welcome in his village”(Nossiter and Solomon). The quotation could illustrate to the audience that people in West Africa would deny their loved ones who joined fight against of Ebola. Families broken up by the virus of Ebola. The illness was easy to contract by just physical contact. Helene Cooper asserts,”Ebola is spread through bodily fluids: vomit, blood, feces, tears , saliva, and sweat”. The illness illustrates
The Ebola virus originated in the depths of the Democratic Republic of the Congo along the Ebola River. Little else is known about its origin but researchers believe that it was first transmitted from a non-human primate or bat. The virus can be contracted several ways including direct contact and contact with infected blood or bodily fluid. It is easy as accidently touching infected saliva or changing a Band-Aid on an infected person. Symptoms of the virus can range greatly but fever, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, and unexplained hemorrhaging are some of the most common. The Ebola virus attacks the body through the immune system, eventually breaking down everything in its path starting with the immune cells. The virus could ultimately
There are three different stands of Ebola; Ebola Zaire, Ebola Sudan, Ebola Reston, and a sister virus named Marburg. Ebola Zaire being the most lethal of all four of the viruses has fatality rate of eighty-eight percent. Ebola Sudan is not quite as fatal as Ebola Zaire, but doesn’t fall too short at a staggering fifty-three
This infection is a standout amongst the most deadly and horrific infections known to development. Ebola hemorrhagic fever is serious, regularly deadly and it influences monkeys, gorillas and people. The Ebola infection is a part of a group of RNA infections known as filovirus (family Filoviridae). At the point when amplified by an electron magnifying instrument, these infections have the presence of long string-shape, with little snare or circle toward one side. There have been four recognized strains of Ebola. Three of the four types of Ebola infections recognized so far have created ailment in people. Ebola-Zaire was found in 1976 and was name after a stream in Zaire, Africa, where it was initially experienced. Ebola Sudan was found in Western
To date, there is no approved vaccine or medication for the Ebola Virus. Symptoms and signs of Ebola are treated as they appear. Some of the basic interventions to try and increase a patient’s chances of survival: Providing intravenous fluids and balancing the body salt, Maintain a patient’s oxygen and blood pressure, replacing bodily fluids and treating anything other infection they occur. The Ebola virus first affects the cell in the human body and then it spreads to the blood and then the tissue and then to you organs and eventually your body systems. Experimental vaccines and medicines are currently under development but it hasn’t been full tested for efficiency and safety. There are three potential immunisations that might be used in the
Ebola is an extremely deadly virus that can lead to extreme illness and death. It was discovered in 1976 in West Africa. Ebola has been found in many countries of Africa such as South Sudan, Nigeria, and South Africa. It has killed thousands of people in Africa and other countries around Africa and has put many families in fear of their lives. Some symptoms of Ebola are a severe fever, severe headache, muscle pain, weakness, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and unexplained bleeding or bruising. Ebola has recently been brought overseas to the United States, creating havoc in our nation.